Selected
texts by Manuel
Castells and Saskia Sassen
( this texts are available
for my students and ex students in Development Planning Unit
(University College London) and Education for Sustainability Programme
(London South Bank University)
Róbinson
Rojas on
Managing
and Planning for
Development: International and National Dimensions (Part 1)
See Notes for lectures, Workshops, Slide presentations and
Seminars.
Basic notions on managing and planning for development,
the role of the state, markets and civil and military bureaucracy, NGOs
and other civil society
organizations in
the development process. It places national development in the context
of the international division of production and examines alternatives
to hegemonic development practices. It critically reviews the recent
history of international aid, particularly its implications for poverty
reduction, growth and equity.
|
E. Thorbecke - 2005
The evolution of the development doctrine 1950-2005
The
selection and adoption of a development strategy - i.e. a set of more
or less
interrelated and consistent policies - depend upon three building
blocks:
(1) the
prevailing development objectives which, in turn, are derived from the
prevailing view
and definition of the development process;
(2) the conceptual state of the art regarding
the existing body of development theories, hypotheses, models,
techniques, and
empirical applications; and
(3) the underlying data system available to diagnose the
existing situation, measure performance, and test hypotheses.
|
From ECLAC 2012
Time for Equity: closing gaps,
opening trails
(2 July 2012) "Planning for
development is back with a renewed strength and complex challenges,"
said today the Deputy Executive Secretary of ECLAC Antonio Prado,
when opening the commemorative seminar to celebrate the fiftieth
anniversary of the Latin American and Caribbean Institute for Economic
and Social Planning (ILPES) at the organization's headquarters in
Santiago, Chile.
ILPES was created by ECLAC on 2 July 1962 in the aim of
supporting Latin American and Caribbean governments in the field of
planning and public administration by providing training, consultancy
and research services.
"Closing the multiple gaps in the region takes a long-term vision,
strategic planning and long-lasting persistence," highlighted Prado
at the international seminar that will conclude tomorrow. "The State
must be capable of providing strategic management for the long run,
looking ahead, and being involved in the design of strategies for
guiding national development," he emphasized.
|
From The Economist - 21 April
2012
Kim selection - The new
boss of the World Bank has a tough job. The manner of his appointment
has made it tougher
FOR the past decade, two big
trends have been reshaping development. One is the growth of new
sources of aid and loans, notably middle-income countries such as
China, private capital flows and charitable organisations such as the
Gates Foundation. This is undermining the dominance of Western
institutions. The other is a new way of thinking about development,
which focuses less on national plans and more on the rights of
individuals and specific groups.
Dueling Development
Visions: Shaping the World Bank for the Future
Submitted by Michael Woolcock on Fri, 2012-04-13 10:36
Blogs is here
..."One can easily oversimplify
differences, or render them more rigid that they often are, but answers
to each of these questions can be usefully juxtaposed. The key issue is
both simple and profound: What do we think ‘development’ actually is?
Since the inception of the Bretton Woods institutions in the aftermath
of WWII, answers to this question have steadily evolved, responding to
and driving significant changes in practice. Traditionally, however,
and for many still today, the core business of development is the
construction of systems – building the physical and institutional
infrastructure that defines a ‘modern’ economy and society. When we say
that France is ‘more developed’ than Gabon, we mean, inter alia, that
France’s economic wealth is based on productivity growth, that its
political life reflects the prevailing preferences of its citizens,
that its society (at least in principle) confers equal rights,
responsibilities and opportunities to all, and that administrative
procedures are conducted in accordance with rational rules, consistent
precedents and professional meritocratic norms"...
Robert H. Wade - 2012
The Fight Over the Global Development Agenda:
How the West Tries to Marginalise UNCTAD
The UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has a long history of intellectual
independence. This article details how Western countries tried to marginalise the organisation
and its work – which is often critical of Western powers – during the 2012 UNCTAD conference.
While developing countries were able to mobilise and partially beat back these attempts for
now, the organisation’s ability to contribute to global macroeconomics remains under threat.
|
From The Economist - May 5th
2012 - Print edition
Zero-sum debate
Economists are rethinking the view that capital should not be taxed
Top capital-income tax rates in
America and Britain fell by more than half from the 1950s to the 1980s.
There is pressure to go further.
But some economists are questioning the prevailing view, not least
because reductions in capital-tax rates appear to have delivered more
inequality than growth. In a 2008 paper, Juan Carlos Conesa of
Universitat Autňnoma de Barcelona, Sagiri Kitao of the University of
Southern California and Dirk Krueger of the University of Pennsylvania
argued that taxing capital was “not a bad idea after all”.
Capital markets are imperfect, they observe, and households are unable
to insure themselves against all of life’s ups and downs. Taxing away
some of the return to capital to provide social insurance against risks
is appropriate.
|
From VoxEU.org
Rebalancing the Global economy: A Primer for
Policymaking
Stijn Claessens, Simon J Evenett and Bernard Hoekman - 23 June 2010
"This new eBook aims to provide policymakers and their advisers with
up-to-date, comprehensive analyses of the central facets of global
economic imbalances and to identify and evaluate potential national and
systemic responses to this challenge."
|
One of the most important features of
capitalist markets is that they create economic inequality as a result
of capital accumulation, which appears as an antagonistic contradiction
between economic efficiency and social efficiency in any capitalist
social formation. Planning for development require practitioners
having a strong understanding of the above feature, particularly
because once established economic inequality makes even stronger the
political, social, and cultural inequalities already in place, adding
to religious, racial and gender inequalities in a sort of
self-propelled feedback loop. Here are some useful sections on this in
my archive
(Dr. Róbinson Rojas):
-- Inequality - Social exclusion
-- Inequality,
poverty, social exclusion and corruption in U.S.A
-- Inequality,
poverty, and social exclusion in Latin America
-- Inequality,
poverty, social exclusion and corruption in China
-- Spatial
Inequality in Asia
|
Planning
for Development require internal and external political and
economic conditions allowing national policies to be free from
blockages imposed by vested economic and political interests (huge
transnational corporations and imperial nation-states) being served by
the internal dynamics of capitalist free markets. The texts below deal
with this problem within the realm of international trade. They make
useful reading for planners for development particularly in developing
countries.
(Dr. Róbinson Rojas):
UNCTAD - Trade and Development Reports (TADR):
2007:
Regional
cooperation for development
The
Trade and Development Report 2007,... recommends that developing
countries should strengthen regional cooperation with other developing
countries, but proceed carefully with regard to North-South bilateral
or regional preferential trade agreements. Such agreements may offer
gains in terms of market access and higher foreign direct investment,
but they can also limit national policy space, which can play an
important role in the medium- and long-term growth of competitive
industries
2006:
Global
partnership and national policies for development
"The
rules and commitments of the international trading regime restrict
the de jure ability of developing nations to adopt national development
policy".
"Rules and commitments, which in legal terms are equally
binding for all countries, in economic terms might impose more
binding constraints on developing countries"(p. 167)
2005:
New
Features of Global Interdependence
"Natural-resource
endowments determine the degree to which selfsufficiency
in food and raw materials is compatible with rapid industrial
development and growth ... but the balance-of-payments constraint
limits import growth." (p. 52)
2004:
Policy
coherence, development strategies and integration into the world economy
"The
search for economic
stability is not between
autarky and surrendering
national sovereignty to the
expansive logic of markets." (p. 97)
2003:
Capital
Accumulation, Growth and Structural Change
With
the leading industrial countries still not pulling in the same
direction, prospects for much of the developing world are clouded by
tensions in the trading system, volatility in the currency market and
deflationary pressures. This year´s Report traces the
difficulties back to the pattern of global trade and financial flows in
the 1990s. But the Report also asks whether market-led
reforms adopted in many developing countries after the debt crisis of
the early 1980s have strengthened these countries´ ability to withstand
external shocks.
2002:
Developing
Countries in World Trade
The
Trade and Development Report 2002 analyses trends and outlooks for the
world economy and focuses on export dynamism and industrialization in
developing countries. It demonstrates that, although integration into
world trade is essential, it is not in itself sufficient for ensuring a
country´s development. The Report questions the conventional wisdom
that export growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) automatically
generate commensurate income gains.
2001:
Global
Trends and Prospects - Financial Architecture
International
economic issues touch the lives of people everywhere.
Whether grappling with the challenges posed by new information
technologies, seeking to draw policy lessons from financial crises in
emerging markets, or assessing the possible impact of China´s entry
into the World Trade Organization, we look to economics as a guide in
our rapidly changing world. The poorest nations especially require a
clear economic road map if they are to make progress against the
persistent problems of hunger, ill health and social insecurity.
2000:
Global
Economic Growth and Imbalances
Even
as the digital age creates new opportunities, financial fragilities in
the world economy continue to constrain policy makers everywhere. Given
the severity of East Asia´s financial crisis, much of the focus and
concern in recent years has been on developments in the region.
This year´s Report takes a careful look at the forces driving the
recovery in East Asia, its weakness and the long-term prospects and
policy for sustained growth and development.
|
From the International
Research Journal of Finance and Economics - 2007
Economic Development Planning Models:
A comparative assessment
S. K. Kooros and L. M Badeux
Economic development,
distinguished from economic growth, results from an assessment of the
economic development objectives with the available resources, core
competencies, and the infusion of
greater productivity, technology and innovation, as well as improvement
in human capital, resources,
and access to large markets. Economic development transforms a
traditional dual-system society into a
productive framework in which every one contributes and from which
receive benefits accordingly.
Economic development occurs when all segments of the society benefit
from the fruits of economic
growth through economic efficiency and equity. Economic efficiency will
be present with minimum
negative externalities to society, including agency, transaction,
secondary, and opportunity costs. At
the same time, disintegration of national sovereign states into more
fragmented nations along the ethnic
lines would not help these newly formed societies to accede to a
formidable economic development
regardless of their form of government...
Development economics contain a number of theories, but little research
has been
conducted on economic planning models. The developing countries’
preoccupation with
economic planning provides a rationale for this paper. In this paper,
the conceptual affinity
among the three models is examined. Markov-Chain (Markov 1914) has been
applied to
short term market forecasting and business decisions on the firm’s
future market share,
given a consumer transition from one firm to the next. Leontief's model
shows the short
term inter-industry interdependence of production functions, (Leontief
1965, 1985).
Kooros' model transcends the former two models by providing an optimum
resource
allocation planning model and the decision criteria, (Kooros, 1995,
1998). This paper
provides a comparative analysis of the three models’ structures,
similarities, and respective
advantages...
|
from the Asian Development Bank
Environment and Economics in Project
Preparation - 1999
E-mail or fax the
Publications Unit at + 632 636 2648 to order copies of
this document. Applicable shipping cost will be charged.
On-line edition: Free of Charge
Hardcopy price: $15.00
ISBN: 971-561-201-6
A key feature of this book is the inclusion of ten cases illustrating
practical approaches to environmental economic analysis in situations
where information and time are limited and entail a lot of resources.
The book provides case-specific examples of bringing environmental
concerns to focus, thus providing guidance based on real world examples
for project designers and evaluation experts on how to use
environmental valuation for project design. From these examples, it can
be concluded that the inclusion of environmental valuation in project
design improves project quality. 1999. 394 pages.
Guidelines
for the Economic Analysis of Projects -1997
The printed version of this publication is out of print. Please contact
the Publications Unit for more
information.
Guidelines,
Handbooks, and Manuals from the Asian Development Bank
On-line
edition: Free of Charge
Hardcopy price: $10.00
ISBN:
971-561-127-3
Pub. Date: 1997
Out of Print
Provides
guidelines for ADB staff, consultants, and officials of developing
member countries in assessing project proposals for economic viability
and financial sustainability. It includes sections on environmental
costs and benefits, the distribution of net benefits, and sensitivity
and risk analysis. 215 pages.
See
also:
Handbook
for Integrating Risk Analysis in the Economic Analysis of
Projects - 2002
Handbook
on Gender Dimension in Projects - 2000
Economic Analysis of Policy-Based
Operations (2003)
Handbook for Integrating Poverty
Impact Assessment in the Economic Analysis of Projects (2001)
Handbook for the Economic Analysis
of Health Sector Projects (2000)
|
From the Economic and Social
Research Council (UK) - 2009
The Strategic Challenges
Global Economic Performance, Policy and Management
The collapse of confidence in the world financial system will shape the
research agenda for a long time.The full extent of the damage to the
global economy remains unclear. Governments have been forced to
intervene in the economy, overturning the economic orthodoxy of the
last 30 years.
The boundaries of public and private are being redrawn as new economic
regimes are created.The recession puts renewed pressure on
understanding the causes of poverty and what policies reduce it.Through
research centres and grants, ESRC funded social scientists have already
been active in these areas, giving us the opportunity to build on and
deepen what is already known.
|
From United Nations Development Programme - 2009
Handbook on planning,
monitoring and evaluating for development results
"This 2009 version of the
‘Handbook on Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating for
Development Results’ aims to support UNDP in becoming more
results-oriented and
to improve its focus on development changes and real improvements in
people’s lives.
It replaces and updates the previous Handbook from 2002. It was a
breakthrough in
driving the effective application of the results-based management
approach in
programming and performance management.
The Handbook recognizes that planning,monitoring and evaluation require
a focus on
nationally owned development priorities and results, and should reflect
the guiding
principles of national ownership, capacity development and human
development.
Globally, there has been a significant shift away from the project
approach in favour of
programme and national approaches. All partners and members of the
Executive
Board expect UNDP to demonstrate tangible results in development
cooperation.
UNDP also faces intensified calls for accountability to citizens for
how resources are
used, what results are achieved, and how effective these results are in
bringing about
progress in human development." more
information
|
The four texts below (H. B. Chenery and N. G.
Carter, 1973; A. Waterson, 1969; and W. Arthur Lewis, 1966 and 1949)
are compulsory reading for my students in planning for development
because they give a solid conceptual background for understanding the
national and international dimensions of planning for development
in a globalized system of production. (Dr. Róbinson Rojas)
1) From
the World Bank Archives - SWP141
H. B. Chenery and N. G. Carter - 1973
Internal
and external aspects of development plans and performance, 1960-1970
I. The analytical framework
II. Development performance in the sixties
III. Distribution and efficiency in aid policy
Footnotes
References
Notes to the tables
2)
From the data files of the World Bank: File Copy 13382
A. Waterson,
Development Planning. Lessons of
Experience -1969
- World Bank, 770 pages
Part
One: The Development Planning Process
The many meanings of planning:
- Wartime planning - Town and country planning - Anticyclical planning
- National planning - Regional planning
The spread of development
planning: - Early planning - Postwar planning
Stages of development planning:
- The socialized countries -
Evolution of central planning - The pattern of decentralization - The
mixed economies - Three stages of planning - Premature comprehensive
planning - Experience favors staged approach - Difficulties of
comprehensive planning - The problem of projects - Rationalising
current public investment
Development plans: -
Planning without plans - The variety of plans - The formal status of
plans
The duration of plans: - Short-term plans - Medium-term plans -
Long-term plans
Plan continuity and flexibility: - Rolling plans - Annual plans - Plan
objectives - Plan targets
Basic data for planning:
- Relationship between data and
planning - Data needed for planning - The question of priorities -
Planning with inadequate data -
The budget's role in planning:
- The relationship between plan
and budget
Administrative obstacles to planning - The implementation of plans
Part two: The organization of planning -
Planning machinery priorities - The distribution of planning functions
- The funtion and role of a central planning agency - Locating a
central planning agency - Types of central planning agencies -
Organization of a central planning agency - Subnational regional and
local planning bodies - Programing units in operating organizations
Appendix I. Colombia: questionnaire on
investment programs of public entities
Appendix II. Argentina: questionnaire on public investment programs
Appendix III. National plans
Appendix IV. Central planning agencies
Appendix V. Organization chart of Iran's plan organization
Appendix VI. The Philippines National Economic Council
Appendix VII. Morroco (1960) Division of Economic Coordination and
Planning
Appendix VIII. India's Planning Commission
Appendix IX. Pakistan, organization chart, planning commission,
President's secretariat
Turkey's State Planning Organization
3) W.
Arthur Lewis - 1966
Development
Planning: the essentials of economic policy
[Selected pages published in books.google]
Title
Copyright
Table of Contents
Patterns of
Planning
Plan Strategy
Foreign Aid
The Arithmetic of Planning
IO Retrospect
Required School Enrolment
Growth Rate Averages
Resources and Their Use I
Capital Account I
Resources and Their Use II
4) A study prepared for the Fabian Society
W. Arthur Lewis
The principles of economic
planning
New Edition with a new Introduction
First published in Great Britain in 1949 by Dennis Dobson Ltd, and
George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
Second Impression 1950 - Second Edition, Third Impression 1952 - Fourth
Impression 1954
THE dispute between planning and laisser-faire is not a
dispute
between order and anarchy in economic life. All serious
political thinkers, and not least the laisser-faire philosophers,
start with the proposition that production and distribution
must be controlled to the service of social ends. The point at
issue is simply how much of this control may be invisible, and
how much must be visible. The invisible control, extolled by
the laisser-faire protagonists, is that which the market exercises; the
"visible control" favoured by the planners, is that which is
organised by the state.
|
From UNIDO
Strategies for
Regional Innovation Systems: Learning Transfer and Applications
- 2003
(38 pages/428 KB)
Philip Cook,
Centre for Advanced Studies, Cardiff University
in cooperation with
Olga Memedovic,
UNIDO, Strategic Research and Economics Branch
The paper explains the concept of regional innovation
systems. It argues that
global economic forces have raised the profile of regions and regional
governance not least because of the rise to prominence of regional and
local
business clusters as vehicles for global and national economic
competitiveness. Key definitions are given and distinctions drawn.
Then, by
reference to a number of important dimensions characterizing innovation
such as education, knowledge transfer, linkage and communications, four
regions from Asia, Europe and Latin America are contrasted. It is shown
that
regional innovation systems can be underdeveloped by being too
dependent
on public support, but equally, an over-emphasis on private
infrastructures
needs to be guarded against except at the most advanced developmental
level.
A combination of public and private governance at regional level to
promote
systemic innovation is advocated.
|
A. Venables - 2006
Shifts
in economic geography and their causes
Recent decades have seen momentous changes in the economic
geography of the world. Political transitions and economic
liberalization have brought formerly closed countries into the world
economy...this has amounted to a doubling of the world labour
force...Some of these changes - falling trade and communications costs-
have been going on for centuries...the ratio of per capita incomes of
the richest to poorest nations increased from around 8:1 in 1870 to
more than 50:1 in 2000
|
From the
data files of the World Bank
File Copy No. 27711
Subnational Capital Markets in
Developing Countries
From Theory to Practice
- 2004
Mila Freire and John Peterson, with Marcela Huerta and Miguel Valadez
(editors)
"Within the framework of increasing
decentralization, the need for local
governments
to access financial markets is growing. As urbanization expands, local
authorities need to provide more services with fewer resources from the
central
government. Subnational borrowing—leveraging reliable cash flows—and
prudent
fiscal management can be alternatives to fund such investments,
especially
when
the useful life of the service is long and an adequate legal framework
is in
place
to ensure fiscal and financial stability."
"This book, prepared by staff members of the World Bank and selected
guest
contributors, consists of two parts. The first part comprises a
framework to
study
subnational governments as borrowers and the array of credit markets in
which
they may operate. The second part consists of case studies that
document the
recent experience of 18 countries in developing markets for subnational
borrowers
and offer lessons about fostering responsible credit market access
within a
framework of fiscal and financial discipline. The book pools
information on
the
issuing of municipal debt and its characteristics, analyzes the role of
macroeconomic
conditions and market development in the success or failure of those
borrowings, and suggests recommendations to guide ongoing efforts. The
goal
is to assist local governments in working as strategic partners in the
development
and strengthening of the capital markets in emerging economies."
|
Tactical Planning Models
for Supply Chain Management
J. M. Swaminathan Sridhar (University of North Carolina) and
R. Tayur (Carnegie Mellon University) January 2003
Supply chain management
includes the implementation of efficient policies related to
procurement of raw material, transforming them into semi-finished and
finished products and distributing them to the end customer, thereby
transcending multiple business units. Poor supply chain management
(more often than not) predominantly results in excessive amounts of
inventory, the largest asset for many firms.
Inventory is generally carried by firms to hedge against
uncertainty of different types ( demand, process and supply ) as well
as to account for economic efficiencies. The former are managed with
safety stocks ( either in raw material or in finished goods ), and the
latter through batches ( lot sizes ). Typically, both these types of
inventories need to be considered simultaneously, as one is affected by
the other. Outside the manufacturing door, a major challenge that
companies face relates to the management of safety stocks rather than
with the choice of economic lot-sizes. Thus, efficient coordination of
the supply chain relies heavily on how well the uncertainties related
to demand, process and supply are managed. Tactical planning is the
setting of key operating targets...
|
Samir Amin, (1990)
Maldevelopment - Anatomy of a global failure
...In this book it is proposed to analyse this failure of
development from a political stand-point, for discussion of the options
in the framework of macroeconomic schema provides no more than
commonplace and foreseeable findings. We must aim higher and integrate
in the discussion all the economic, political, social and cultural
facets of the problem and at the same time fit them into a local
framework ( Africa) that takes account of interaction on a world scale.
We acknowledge that this aim comes up against major theoretical
difficulties. Social reality as a whole has three facets: economic,
political and cultural. The economic aspect is perhaps the best known.
In this field, conventional economics has forged tools of immediate
analysis and with greater or lesser success of management of an
advanced capitalist society. Historical materialism has sought to
plunge deeper and has often succeeded in illuminating the character and
extent of social struggles underlying the economic choices.
The field of power and politics is relatively less known; and
eclecticism in the theories advanced shows the inadequate scientific
mastery of the reality. Functional political thought, like its former
or recent ingredients (geopolitics, systems analysis, etc.) may
sometimes be of immediate use in shaping strategies but remains
conceptually impoverished and does not warrant the status of a critical
theory. It is true that historical materialism provides a hypothesis as
to the organic relationship between the material base and the political
superstructure, and the hypothesis is fruitful if it is not too crudely
interpreted. The Marxist schools, however, have not conceptualized the
issue of power and politics (modes of domination) as they have the
categories(modes of production). The propositions in this direction, by
Freudian Marxists for example, have the undoubted merit of drawing
attention to neglected aspects of the issue but have not yet produced
an overall conceptual system. The field of politics lies virtually
fallow.
It is not by chance that the first chapter of Volume One of Capital
includes the section entitled 'The Fetishism of
Commodities and the Secret thereof. Marx intends to unveil the
mysteries of capitalist society, and the reason why it appears to us as
directly governed by economics, in the forefront of the social scene
and the determinant of the other social dimensions that seem then to
accommodate to its demands. Economic alienation thus defines the
essence of the ideology of capitalism. Conversely, pre-capitalist class
societies are governed by politics, which takes the forefront of the
stage and provide the constraints that other aspects of the social
reality - including economic life-seem bound to obey. If a theory of
these societies were to be written, the work would be entitled 'Power'
(instead of capital for the capitalist mode) and the opening chapter
would deal with 'the fetishism of power' (instead of the fetishism of
commodities).
|
M. Syrquin - 2005
Kuznets
and modern economic growth fifty years later
Simon Kuznets was awarded the 1971 Nobel Prize in
economics for his empirically founded
interpretation of economic growth, yet, two decades after his death it
is only in the guise of the
“Kuznets curve” that he may be found in the literature of growth or of
economic development. In
this paper I review Kuznets’ contribution to growth focusing
particularly on his analysis of the
costs and benefits of growth and the impossibility of conceptualizing
modern economic growth
without substantive structural shifts.
Kuznets maintained the impossibility of a purely economic theory of
growth. He considered the
more general theory as a worthwhile goal but a very remote one at the
time. The central problem
for Kuznets was to endogenize what economics mostly regards as givens:
technology, population,
tastes, and institutions.
In his studies of national income and growth Kuznets repeatedly
emphasized the problems of
scope, valuation, and the distinction between net and gross outputs.
The answers to these
questions depend on the purpose of economic activity which in turn
refers to the social values of
the place and time. The solutions, therefore, can never be absolute.
|
Malaysia
Planning in Malaysia is a two-way interactive process
between the EPU, on the one hand, and the line ministries and agencies,
on the other, as shown below. This top-down and bottom-up processes
ensure that national policies and strategies are realized and
development concerns at sub-regional level are fully integrated into
the overall national development thrusts.
Planning from the top which is confined to setting macro level
parameters is determined in the context of the Inter- EPU Agencies
Planning Groups (IAPGs). The EPU is the secretariat for each of the
IAPGs whose work precedes the formulation of any development plan.
Planning from the bottom, on the other hand, essentially involves the
line ministries, agencies and the state governments which translate the
sectoral master plans into specific programmes and projects. The plays
the key role in matching the micro-level programmes and projects with
the macro-level plans for each economic sectors
|
National Development and Reform Commission
(NDRC), People’s Republic of
China
Main functions:
1.- To formulate and implement strategies of national economic and
social development, annual plans, medium and long-term development
plans; to coordinate economic and social development; to carry out
research and analysis on domestic and international economic situation;
to put forward targets and policies concerning the development of the
national economy, the regulation of the overall price level and the
optimization of major economic structures, and to make recommendations
on the employment of various economic instruments and policies; to
submit the plan for national economic and social development to the
National People's Congress on behalf of the State Council.
2.- ....
|
From the Inter-American Development Bank
The Politics of Policies Economic and Social Progress
in Latin America
2006
REPORT
Ernesto
Stein | Mariano
Tommasi | Koldo Echebarría | Eduardo Lora
| Mark Payne
Coordinators
The impact of public policies
depends not only on their specific content or particular orientation,
but also on some generic features of the policies. An “ideal” policy
that lacks credibility and is poorly implemented and enforced may be
more distortionary than a “suboptimal” policy that is stable and well
implemented. This study examines six such key features: stability,
adaptability, coherence and coordination, the quality of implementation
and enforcement, public-regardedness (public orientation), and
efficiency. These key features have a great deal of bearing on whether
policies can actually enhance welfare, can be sustained over time, and
can contribute to overall development.
|
Uganda
Ministry of Finance, Planning Economic
Development
From Minister's message: "Information is very critical in
planning and development of any nation, it is against this background
that I wish to highlight the following key achievements.
The Ministry of Finance, Planning Economic Development-Vote 008 is
mandated to design strategies that promote economic growth and
transformation. Performance of this mandate will facilitate attainment
of the Government target of 'Prosperity for All' as well as the
Millennium Development Goals. Therefore in FY 2008/09 the Ministry's
Budget proposal aims at fulfilling this mandate..."
Mission Statement: To formulate sound economic policies, maximise
revenue mobilization, ensure efficient allocation and accountability
for public resources so as to achieve the most rapid and sustainable
economic growth and development.
MANDATE: The mandate of the Ministry is to:
- Formulate policies that enhance stability
and accelerate economic growth and development
- Plan and design strategies for rapid
economic growth and transformation
- Mobilize domestic and external resources
- Ensure efficient allocation and
utilisation of public funds
- Monitor and account for the utilisation of
public resources
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Development Planning and
Decolonization in Nigeria
Falola, Toyin. Development Planning and Decolonization in
Nigeria. Gainesville, FM: University of Florida Press, 1996. 215 pp.
A review by Udogu, E Ike
in Journal of Third World Studies, Spring 1999
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From the Planning
Commission, Government of India
11th Five Year Plan
2007-2012 - India
India’s commitment to planned economic development
is a reflection of our society’s determination to improve
the economic conditions of our people and an affirmation
of the role of the government in bringing about this
outcome through a variety of social, economic, and
institutional means. The Eleventh Five Year Plan, which
was approved by the National Development Council on
19 December 2007 reaffirms this commitment. It
provides a comprehensive strategy for inclusive
development, building on the growing strength of the
economy, while also addressing weaknesses that have
surfaced.
The strength of the economy is evident from the
remarkable transition to a high growth path, which has
been achieved in recent years. The Tenth Plan period
(2002–03 to 2006–07) began modestly, but then saw the
economy accelerating steadily to achieve an average
growth rate of 7.7%, for the Plan period as a whole, which
is the highest ever achieved in any Plan period. In the
last four years the growth rate has averaged 8.9% making
India one of the fastest growing economies in the world.
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UNIDO
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