From UNCTAD
Least Developed Countries Reports (the series from 1996)
The Least Developed Countries Report 2002
- Escaping the Poverty Trap
Table of contents
OVERVIEW
Part One
RECENT ECONOMIC TRENDS AND UNLDC III DEVELOPMENT TARGETS
Chapter 1
RECENT ECONOMIC TREND [Pdf, 16pp. 584KB]
- Overall growth trends
- Trends in external trade
- Trends in external finance
- Overall picture
- Trends in aid flows
- Trends in foreign direct investment
- Trends in external debt
- Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 2
THE UNLDC III DEVELOPMENT TARGETS [Pdf, 22pp., 616KB]
- Introduction
- Growth and investment targets
- Poverty reduction goals
- Human development targets
- Transport and communications
infrastructure development targets
- ODA targets for donor countries
- Progress towards graduation from LDC
status
- Conclusion
Notes
References
Part Two
ESCAPING THE POVERTY TRAP
Chapter 1
THE NATURE AND DYNAMICS OF POVERTY IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES [Pdf, 37pp., 770KB]
- Introduction
- The approach of the Report and its rationale
- The focus on consumption poverty
- The choice of $1-a-day and $2-a-day international poverty lines
- The use of national-accounts-consistent poverty estimates
- The poverty situation in the LDCs in the late 1990s
- Average levels of poverty in LDCs in a comparative perspective
- A poverty map for the LDCs in 1995-1999
- The dynamics of poverty in the LDCs
Annex to Chapter 1
Notes
References
Chapter 2
GENERALIZED POVERTY, DOMESTIC RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH [Pdf, 33pp., 697KB]
- Introduction
- The long-run relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction
- Generalized poverty, domestic resource mobilization and low-level
equilibrium
- Generalized poverty, population growth and environmental degradation
- Patterns of poverty, population growth and environmental resource use
- The downward spiral of impoverishment and environmental degradation
- Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 3
PATTERNS OF TRADE INTEGRATION AND POVERTY [Pdf, 37pp., 573KB]
- Introduction
- Trade integration, marginalization and liberalization: patterns and trends
in the LDCs
- Level of trade integration
- Form of trade integration
- Participation in global trade flows
- Extent of trade liberalization
- Trade liberalization, growth and poverty
- Export orientation, growth and poverty
- Export structure, growth and poverty
- Export structure and income convergence with rich countries
- Export structure and the incidence of poverty
- The poverty-reducing impact of different types of export growth
- Conclusion
Annex to Chapter 3
Notes
References
Chapter 4
COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE, THE INTERNATIONAL POVERTY TRAP AND NEW VULNERABILITIES [Pdf, 31pp., 715KB]
- Introduction
- Commodity export dependence and poverty: trade mechanisms
- The level and volatility of primary commodity prices
- Productivity, competitiveness and dynamism of LDC commodity exports
- Elements of the international poverty trap
- Primary commodity dependence
- Unsustainable external debt
- The aid/debt service system
- The new vulnerabilities of LDCs exporting manufactures and services
- Is globalization tightening the international poverty trap?
- Potential forces loosening the trap. Forces tightening the trap: direct effects
- Forces tightening the trap: indirect effects
- Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 5
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, THE PRSP PROCESS AND EFFECTIVE POVERTY REDUCTION [Pdf,41pp., 574KB]
- Introduction
- LDCs and the PRSP process: achievements and challenges to date
- The need to move beyond adjustment policies
- Long-term national development strategies and the PRSP process
- The importance of rapid and sustained economic growth
- The need to establish a dynamic investment-export nexus
- Productive development policy options
- Policies to prevent marginalization within LDCs
- Strengthened national ownership and policy autonomy
- The tension between national ownership and policy conditionality
- The crucial role of capacity-building
- Donor alignment behind national PRSPs
- Partnership and the poverty reduction financing gaps
- WTO rights and obligations
- Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 6
INTERNATIONAL POLICIES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE POVERTY REDUCTION IN THE LDCS [Pdf, 35pp., 537KB]
- Introduction
- The need for re-enhanced debt relief
- Aid and its effectiveness
- The need to implement aid commitments
- Making aid more effective
- Market access and its effectiveness
- The Integrated Framework to support LDCs in their trade and trade-related
activities
- International commodity policy
- South-South cooperation and the problem of polarization
- Conclusion Notes
References
STATISTICAL ANNEX:
BASIC DATA ON THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Downloads: UNCTAD/LDC/2002
[Full report, one file,Pdf, 320pp., 3.7MB]
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