Trade Patterns, FDI, and Industrial Restructuring of Central
and Eastern Europe. Paolo Guerrieri. Working Paper 124. July 1998. ©Copyright
1998, by BRIE
APPENDIX and TABLES
APPENDIX 1 : SIE-World Trade
Data Base
The foreign trade statistics used in this paper stem from the SIE-World
Trade data base, which provides detailed information on export and import of 83
countries with respect to 450 product groups, 98 sectors, 25 broad commodity groups and 5
main product categories. The data base includes trade statistics with respect to the 26
OECD countries, the newly industrializing countries (NICs), the other developing countries
and the former CMEA countries, and makes it possible to examine and analyze the entire
world trade matrix. The source for the basic trade statistics of the SIE-World Trade
is the tapes of OECD and UN.
The SIE data-base is organized in different product group
classifications at various levels of disaggregation (450 product groups, 98 sectors, 25
categories, 5 branches) according to the three Standard International Trade
Classifications (SITC), Revised, Revision 2, Revision 3, defined by the Statistical
Office of the UN (1961, 1975, 1985 as to the periods 1961-75, 1978-87, 1988 on).
The broad product groups classification used in this paper is based on
the 450 product groups of the SIE-World Trade. A summary list of the product groups
included in each class of products is below provided:
1) Food items and Agricultural raw materials (41 product
groups): FoodLive animalsAnimal oil and fatsNatural
rubberVegetable and animal textile fibersCork and WoodSkins.
2) Fuels (4 product groups): CoalPetroleum oil
Gas.
3) Other raw materials (17 product groups): Iron
oreOres of base metalsOther crude minerals.
4) Food industry (36 product groups): Meat and meat
preparationsDairy productsVegetables and fruit preparationsCereal
preparationsSugar preparationsOther edible products.
5) Science Based (59 product groups): Synthetic organic
dyestuffsRadio-active and associated materialsPolymerization and
co-polymerization productsAntibiotics and other pharmaceutical productsNuclear
reactorsAutomatic data processing machines & UnitsTelecommunications
equipmentSemiconductor devicesElectronic microcircuitsElectronic
measuring instrumentsElectric power machinery and apparatusInternal combustion
piston enginesAircraft & associated equipmentMedical
instrumentsOptical instruments¾ Photographic apparatus
and equipment.
6) Scale Intensive ( 88 product groups): Organic
chemicalsInorganic chemical productsOther chemical materials and
productsMedicinal and pharmaceutical productsRubber manufactures Iron
and steelTelevision, radio, other image-sound recorder and
reproducersHousehold type electrical equipmentShips and boatsRailway
vehicles & equipmentRoad vehicles.
7) Specialized Suppliers (43 product groups) :
Agricultural machineryMachine tools for working metalsMetal working
machineryOther machine tools for specialized particular industriesConstruction
and mining machineryTextile and leather machineryPaper and paperboard
machineryOther machinery for specialized particular industriesOther general
industrial machinery & equipmentElectrical equipment and
componentsMeasuring, checking, analyzing instrumentsOptical goodsOther
miscellaneous products
8) Resource Intensive (18): Paper and paperboardPetroleum
productsNon metallic mineral manufacturesNon-ferrous metal products
9) Traditionals or Supplier dominated (76 product
groups): Textile productsArticles of apparel and clothing accessoriesLeather
manufacturesFootwearWood manufacturesFurniturePaper and printed
productsArticle of ceramic materialsGlass productsMiscellaneous
manufactures of metal (structures, tools, cutlery and other articles)Jewellery,
goldsmithsImitation jewelleryMusical instrumentsSporting goodsToys
& gamesOther miscellaneous products
10) Residuals : Other product groups n.e.s.
BACK TO MAIN TEXT
Tables
TABLE 1 Share of Selected
Countries and Areas in World Trade* |
|
|
(Percentage share in current values) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995° |
89-95 |
80-89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
0.73 |
0.62 |
0.61 |
0.59 |
0.74 |
0.76 |
0.86 |
0.26 |
-0.13 |
Hungary |
0.17 |
0.16 |
0.18 |
0.18 |
0.21 |
0.18 |
0.20 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
Poland |
0.33 |
0.24 |
0.25 |
0.24 |
0.32 |
0.31 |
0.34 |
0.10 |
-0.09 |
Czechoslovakia |
0.22 |
0.21 |
0.20 |
0.17 |
0.21 |
0.27 |
0.32 |
0.15 |
-0.05 |
Czech Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.22 |
0.24 |
|
|
Slovak Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
0.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Europe** |
0.31 |
0.28 |
0.30 |
0.21 |
0.13 |
0.15 |
0.18 |
-0.02 |
-0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
1.48 |
1.68 |
1.08 |
0.98 |
1.00 |
1.04 |
1.11 |
0.13 |
-0.49 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
0.89 |
0.94 |
0.94 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICs in Asia |
3.80 |
5.30 |
6.52 |
7.96 |
8.17 |
10.23 |
10.83 |
2.87 |
4.16 |
Singapore |
1.05 |
1.32 |
1.16 |
1.54 |
1.70 |
1.98 |
2.40 |
0.85 |
0.50 |
Korea |
0.95 |
1.48 |
1.79 |
2.15 |
2.08 |
2.17 |
2.53 |
0.38 |
1.21 |
Taiwan |
1.30 |
1.73 |
2.22 |
2.41 |
2.46 |
2.70 |
2.53 |
0.21 |
1.11 |
Hong Kong |
1.07 |
1.33 |
1.83 |
2.53 |
2.85 |
3.62 |
3.52 |
1.00 |
1.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ratio of national exports to world exports
(percentage) |
°Provisional data |
|
|
|
|
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU is the former Soviet Union |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) The sum of the nine product groups reported
below |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World
Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 2 Share of Selected
Countries and Areas in World Trade*A62 |
|
(Percentage share in current values) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural Products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995° |
89-95 |
80-89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
0.77 |
0.72 |
0.73 |
0.93 |
1.09 |
0.85 |
0.73 |
-0.19 |
0.15 |
Hungary |
0.24 |
0.27 |
0.30 |
0.35 |
0.39 |
0.29 |
0.27 |
-0.08 |
0.11 |
Poland |
0.34 |
0.30 |
0.42 |
0.48 |
0.56 |
0.33 |
0.30 |
-0.18 |
0.14 |
Czechoslovakia |
0.19 |
0.14 |
0.13 |
0.10 |
0.14 |
0.22 |
0.16 |
0.07 |
-0.10 |
Czech Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.18 |
0.14 |
|
|
Slovak Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.04 |
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Europe** |
0.25 |
0.18 |
0.19 |
0.14 |
0.19 |
0.19 |
0.20 |
0.06 |
-0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
1.37 |
1.10 |
1.10 |
1.33 |
1.27 |
2.09 |
2.75 |
1.42 |
-0.04 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
1.65 |
1.97 |
1.97 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICs in Asia |
3.13 |
3.50 |
4.11 |
4.07 |
3.72 |
3.92 |
3.61 |
-0.46 |
0.94 |
Singapore |
1.63 |
1.46 |
1.22 |
1.17 |
1.02 |
0.93 |
1.01 |
-0.16 |
-0.46 |
Korea |
0.65 |
0.80 |
0.98 |
1.07 |
0.97 |
0.81 |
0.78 |
-0.29 |
0.41 |
Taiwan |
0.74 |
1.05 |
1.42 |
1.31 |
1.53 |
1.71 |
1.38 |
0.20 |
0.57 |
Hong Kong |
0.47 |
0.64 |
0.91 |
1.12 |
1.03 |
1.00 |
0.93 |
-0.19 |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ratio of national exports to world exports
(percentage) |
°Provisional data |
|
|
|
|
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU is the former Soviet Union |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World
Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 3 Share of Selected
Countries and Areas in World Trade* |
|
|
(Percentage share in current values) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fuels |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995° |
89-95 |
80-89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
0.40 |
0.43 |
0.37 |
0.52 |
0.47 |
0.48 |
0.27 |
-0.24 |
0.12 |
Hungary |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
-0.01 |
0.00 |
Poland |
0.33 |
0.36 |
0.57 |
0.44 |
0.39 |
0.39 |
0.22 |
-0.23 |
0.11 |
Czechoslovakia |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.10 |
0.07 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
Czech Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.08 |
0.06 |
|
|
Slovak Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Europe** |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
3.61 |
5.03 |
5.44 |
5.51 |
4.49 |
3.95 |
3.92 |
-1.59 |
1.90 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
3.84 |
3.88 |
3.88 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICs in Asia |
0.02 |
0.08 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
0.10 |
0.07 |
0.02 |
Singapore |
0.02 |
0.08 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
0.05 |
0.07 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
Korea |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
Taiwan |
1.18 |
1.17 |
1.20 |
0.92 |
1.06 |
0.95 |
0.92 |
-0.04 |
-0.26 |
Hong Kong |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ratio of national exports to world exports
(percentage) |
°Provisional data |
|
|
|
|
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU is the former Soviet Union |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World
Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 4 Share of Selected
Countries and Areas in World Trade* |
|
|
(Percentage share in current values) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Raw Materials |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995° |
89-95 |
80-89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
0.92 |
1.45 |
1.47 |
1.08 |
1.13 |
1.05 |
0.74 |
-0.34 |
0.15 |
Hungary |
0.15 |
0.18 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
0.04 |
-0.10 |
0.00 |
Poland |
0.62 |
1.07 |
0.95 |
0.69 |
0.78 |
0.66 |
0.45 |
-0.24 |
0.08 |
Czechoslovakia |
0.16 |
0.20 |
0.27 |
0.24 |
0.27 |
0.34 |
0.23 |
-0.01 |
0.08 |
Czech Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.25 |
0.16 |
|
|
Slovak Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.09 |
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Europe** |
0.18 |
0.17 |
0.24 |
0.19 |
0.16 |
0.21 |
0.24 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
0.75 |
0.78 |
0.66 |
0.80 |
1.08 |
1.43 |
1.27 |
0.47 |
0.05 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
1.10 |
1.02 |
1.02 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICs in Asia |
1.05 |
1.58 |
1.05 |
1.24 |
0.87 |
1.51 |
1.21 |
-0.03 |
0.19 |
Singapore |
0.35 |
0.67 |
0.31 |
0.20 |
0.18 |
0.52 |
0.26 |
0.06 |
-0.15 |
Korea |
0.24 |
0.22 |
0.27 |
0.37 |
0.33 |
0.37 |
0.21 |
-0.16 |
0.13 |
Taiwan |
0.31 |
0.47 |
0.35 |
0.31 |
0.38 |
0.43 |
0.35 |
0.11 |
0.00 |
Hong Kong |
0.41 |
0.59 |
0.34 |
0.52 |
0.25 |
0.35 |
0.54 |
0.02 |
0.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ratio of national exports to world exports
(percentage) |
°Provisional data |
|
|
|
|
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU is the former Soviet Union |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World
Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 5 Share of Selected
Countries and Areas in World Trade* |
|
|
(Percentage share in current values) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Food Industries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995° |
89-95 |
80-89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
1.18 |
1.04 |
0.92 |
1.33 |
1.34 |
0.94 |
0.76 |
-0.57 |
0.14 |
Hungary |
0.49 |
0.47 |
0.50 |
0.59 |
0.57 |
0.38 |
0.29 |
-0.30 |
0.10 |
Poland |
0.55 |
0.40 |
0.50 |
0.51 |
0.57 |
0.40 |
0.35 |
-0.17 |
-0.04 |
Czechoslovakia |
0.14 |
0.17 |
0.18 |
0.22 |
0.20 |
0.16 |
0.13 |
-0.09 |
0.09 |
Czech Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.14 |
0.11 |
|
|
Slovak Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Europe** |
0.31 |
0.24 |
0.23 |
0.19 |
0.13 |
0.15 |
0.14 |
-0.05 |
-0.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
0.18 |
0.18 |
0.17 |
0.18 |
0.20 |
0.21 |
0.26 |
0.08 |
0.00 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
0.16 |
0.16 |
0.16 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICs in Asia |
2.58 |
2.65 |
3.24 |
3.88 |
4.26 |
4.54 |
4.37 |
0.49 |
1.31 |
Singapore |
1.00 |
0.85 |
0.88 |
1.14 |
1.19 |
1.32 |
1.24 |
0.09 |
0.14 |
Korea |
0.46 |
0.39 |
0.47 |
0.54 |
0.43 |
0.48 |
0.53 |
-0.01 |
0.07 |
Taiwan |
1.31 |
1.25 |
1.26 |
1.21 |
1.27 |
1.19 |
1.08 |
-0.09 |
-0.10 |
Hong Kong |
0.29 |
0.59 |
0.75 |
1.18 |
1.56 |
1.61 |
1.59 |
0.41 |
0.89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ratio of national exports to world exports
(percentage) |
°Provisional data |
|
|
|
|
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU is the former Soviet Union |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World
Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 6 Share of Selected
Countries and Areas in World Trade* |
|
|
(Percentage share in current values) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Traditional industries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995° |
89-95 |
80-89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
1.16 |
0.94 |
0.96 |
0.81 |
1.21 |
1.43 |
1.62 |
0.81 |
-0.36 |
Hungary |
0.31 |
0.27 |
0.25 |
0.24 |
0.33 |
0.32 |
0.29 |
0.05 |
-0.08 |
Poland |
0.41 |
0.25 |
0.29 |
0.29 |
0.50 |
0.58 |
0.72 |
0.44 |
-0.12 |
Czechoslovakia |
0.44 |
0.41 |
0.36 |
0.28 |
0.38 |
0.52 |
0.61 |
0.33 |
-0.15 |
Czech Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.41 |
0.46 |
|
|
Slovak Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.11 |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Europe** |
0.50 |
0.49 |
0.53 |
0.33 |
0.27 |
0.35 |
0.44 |
0.10 |
-0.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
0.63 |
0.46 |
0.48 |
0.41 |
0.36 |
0.34 |
0.43 |
0.03 |
-0.22 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
0.28 |
0.31 |
0.31 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICs in Asia |
10.84 |
14.42 |
16.21 |
17.08 |
16.46 |
17.91 |
16.24 |
-0.83 |
6.24 |
Singapore |
0.78 |
0.94 |
0.75 |
0.94 |
0.97 |
0.91 |
0.94 |
0.00 |
0.17 |
Korea |
3.26 |
4.33 |
4.60 |
4.87 |
4.12 |
3.54 |
3.17 |
-1.71 |
1.62 |
Taiwan |
3.70 |
5.39 |
6.18 |
5.66 |
5.37 |
5.01 |
4.17 |
-1.02 |
1.95 |
Hong Kong |
4.10 |
4.87 |
5.89 |
7.06 |
7.97 |
9.00 |
8.34 |
1.29 |
2.96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ratio of national exports to world exports
(percentage) |
°Provisional data |
|
|
|
|
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU is the former Soviet Union |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World
Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 7 Share of Selected
Countries and Areas in World Trade* |
|
|
(Percentage share in current values) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resource intensive industries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995° |
89-95 |
80-89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
0.93 |
0.69 |
0.68 |
0.83 |
0.97 |
0.92 |
1.12 |
0.29 |
-0.10 |
Hungary |
0.16 |
0.20 |
0.29 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
0.20 |
0.18 |
-0.06 |
0.08 |
Poland |
0.49 |
0.23 |
0.26 |
0.33 |
0.51 |
0.45 |
0.61 |
0.28 |
-0.16 |
Czechoslovakia |
0.27 |
0.26 |
0.27 |
0.25 |
0.21 |
0.28 |
0.33 |
0.08 |
-0.02 |
Czech Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.21 |
0.23 |
|
|
Slovak Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.07 |
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Europe** |
1.13 |
1.00 |
1.06 |
0.71 |
0.21 |
0.23 |
0.33 |
-0.39 |
-0.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
4.27 |
5.76 |
3.95 |
3.69 |
4.15 |
3.79 |
4.69 |
1.00 |
-0.58 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
3.39 |
4.33 |
4.33 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICs in Asia |
3.62 |
4.74 |
4.57 |
5.28 |
6.49 |
7.86 |
7.68 |
2.41 |
1.66 |
Singapore |
3.22 |
3.94 |
3.32 |
3.60 |
4.48 |
4.37 |
3.39 |
-0.22 |
0.38 |
Korea |
0.16 |
0.51 |
0.70 |
0.72 |
0.93 |
1.18 |
1.35 |
0.62 |
0.56 |
Taiwan |
0.36 |
0.32 |
0.39 |
0.61 |
0.69 |
0.95 |
1.17 |
0.43 |
0.25 |
Hong Kong |
0.18 |
0.19 |
0.38 |
0.72 |
0.89 |
1.44 |
1.82 |
1.10 |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ratio of national exports to world exports
(percentage) |
°Provisional data |
|
|
|
|
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU is the former Soviet Union |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World
Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 8 Share of Selected
Countries and Areas in World Trade* |
|
|
(Percentage share in current values) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scale intensive industries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995° |
89-95 |
80-89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
0.76 |
0.61 |
0.63 |
0.53 |
0.69 |
0.80 |
0.95 |
0.41 |
-0.23 |
Hungary |
0.19 |
0.15 |
0.14 |
0.15 |
0.16 |
0.15 |
0.18 |
0.03 |
-0.04 |
Poland |
0.30 |
0.20 |
0.15 |
0.19 |
0.27 |
0.31 |
0.36 |
0.17 |
-0.11 |
Czechoslovakia |
0.27 |
0.26 |
0.22 |
0.19 |
0.26 |
0.33 |
0.4 |
0.21 |
-0.08 |
Czech Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.27 |
0.28 |
|
|
Slovak Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.06 |
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Europe** |
0.29 |
0.26 |
0.27 |
0.22 |
0.15 |
0.17 |
0.21 |
-0.01 |
-0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
0.48 |
0.48 |
0.43 |
0.44 |
0.62 |
1.07 |
1.21 |
0.76 |
-0.04 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
0.82 |
0.91 |
0.91 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICs in Asia |
3.43 |
4.95 |
4.99 |
6.39 |
6.62 |
8.57 |
8.65 |
2.26 |
2.96 |
Singapore |
0.69 |
0.82 |
0.66 |
1.10 |
1.22 |
1.46 |
1.54 |
0.44 |
0.41 |
Korea |
1.33 |
2.43 |
2.22 |
2.61 |
2.65 |
3.04 |
3.24 |
0.63 |
1.28 |
Taiwan |
0.89 |
1.13 |
1.35 |
1.54 |
1.46 |
1.49 |
1.40 |
-0.13 |
0.66 |
Hong Kong |
0.75 |
0.82 |
0.94 |
1.42 |
1.76 |
2.64 |
2.50 |
1.08 |
0.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ratio of national exports to world exports
(percentage) |
°Provisional data |
|
|
|
|
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU is the former Soviet Union |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World
Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 9 Share of Selected
Countries and Areas in World Trade* |
|
|
(Percentage share in current values) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specialized suppliers industries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995° |
89-95 |
80-89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
0.64 |
0.50 |
0.53 |
0.43 |
0.56 |
0.64 |
0.86 |
0.42 |
-0.21 |
Hungary |
0.13 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
0.13 |
0.19 |
0.19 |
0.23 |
0.10 |
-0.01 |
Poland |
0.24 |
0.13 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.17 |
0.18 |
0.24 |
0.09 |
-0.09 |
Czechoslovakia |
0.27 |
0.24 |
0.19 |
0.16 |
0.20 |
0.27 |
0.39 |
0.23 |
-0.11 |
Czech Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.24 |
0.33 |
|
|
Slovak Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.03 |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Europe** |
0.15 |
0.12 |
0.10 |
0.07 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.11 |
0.03 |
-0.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
0.19 |
0.17 |
0.26 |
0.14 |
0.16 |
0.20 |
0.11 |
-0.02 |
-0.06 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
0.18 |
0.09 |
0.09 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICs in Asia |
1.82 |
3.12 |
3.42 |
4.88 |
4.76 |
8.50 |
8.82 |
3.94 |
3.06 |
Singapore |
0.70 |
1.07 |
0.76 |
1.24 |
1.27 |
1.45 |
1.84 |
0.60 |
0.54 |
Korea |
0.28 |
0.51 |
0.53 |
0.87 |
0.91 |
1.43 |
2.41 |
1.54 |
0.59 |
Taiwan |
0.73 |
1.32 |
1.61 |
2.14 |
2.25 |
3.23 |
2.56 |
0.78 |
1.41 |
Hong Kong |
0.39 |
0.59 |
0.84 |
1.41 |
1.43 |
2.44 |
2.03 |
0.62 |
1.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ratio of national exports to world exports
(percentage) |
°Provisional data |
|
|
|
|
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU is the former Soviet Union |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World
Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 10 Share of Selected
Countries and Areas in World Trade* |
|
|
(Percentage share in current values) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Science based industries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995° |
89-95 |
80-89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
0.29 |
0.22 |
0.22 |
0.17 |
0.25 |
0.26 |
0.39 |
0.22 |
-0.12 |
Hungary |
0.07 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.09 |
0.10 |
0.18 |
0.12 |
-0.01 |
Poland |
0.09 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.05 |
0.07 |
0.06 |
0.08 |
0.03 |
-0.04 |
Czechoslovakia |
0.13 |
0.10 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
0.09 |
0.10 |
0.14 |
0.08 |
-0.06 |
Czech Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.09 |
0.11 |
|
|
Slovak Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
0.01 |
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Europe** |
0.06 |
0.07 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
-0.01 |
-0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
0.45 |
0.22 |
0.17 |
0.10 |
0.12 |
0.18 |
0.14 |
0.04 |
-0.35 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
0.17 |
0.13 |
0.13 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICs in Asia |
4.83 |
6.64 |
7.86 |
10.83 |
11.17 |
14.77 |
17.82 |
6.99 |
6.00 |
Singapore |
1.35 |
1.92 |
2.00 |
3.01 |
3.30 |
4.35 |
5.83 |
2.82 |
1.66 |
Korea |
0.82 |
1.13 |
1.59 |
2.28 |
2.24 |
2.44 |
3.34 |
1.06 |
1.46 |
Taiwan |
1.15 |
1.72 |
2.33 |
3.07 |
3.30 |
4.02 |
4.27 |
1.05 |
1.92 |
Hong Kong |
1.84 |
2.21 |
2.33 |
3.20 |
3.28 |
4.07 |
4.39 |
1.19 |
1.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ratio of national exports to world exports
(percentage) |
°Provisional data |
|
|
|
|
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU is the former Soviet Union |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World
Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PATTERNS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION AND COMPOSITION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FSU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995** |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
6.7 |
7.9 |
9.0 |
11.3 |
|
21.0 |
17.8 |
15.1 |
3.6 |
|
-14.3 |
-9.8 |
-6.0 |
7.5 |
Fuels |
44.5 |
34.5 |
30.8 |
16.8 |
|
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
44.4 |
34.2 |
30.7 |
16.3 |
Other raw materials |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
|
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
|
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
Food industries |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
|
10.5 |
7.6 |
15.4 |
20.2 |
|
-9.8 |
-6.6 |
-14.1 |
-18.4 |
Traditional ind. |
5.7 |
7.0 |
5.6 |
6.5 |
|
11.3 |
9.7 |
15.4 |
18.9 |
|
-5.6 |
-2.7 |
-9.7 |
-12.0 |
Resource intensive ind. |
28.9 |
30.0 |
22.6 |
27.8 |
|
5.3 |
4.1 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
|
23.6 |
25.7 |
20.3 |
24.6 |
Scale intensive ind. |
7.0 |
11.4 |
19.1 |
27.2 |
|
25.4 |
28.4 |
20.4 |
22.0 |
|
-18.4 |
-16.8 |
-1.3 |
5.1 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
1.1 |
|
15.6 |
19.4 |
16.9 |
14.9 |
|
-14.5 |
-17.8 |
-15.0 |
-13.5 |
Science based ind. |
3.3 |
1.8 |
4.2 |
2.7 |
|
7.5 |
8.7 |
10.4 |
14.1 |
|
-4.2 |
-6.8 |
-6.2 |
-11.1 |
Others |
1.1 |
4.1 |
4.5 |
4.4 |
|
2.6 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
|
-1.5 |
0.7 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER EASTERN EUROPE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
5.8 |
4.0 |
7.2 |
5.0 |
|
14.6 |
9.1 |
7.8 |
2.4 |
|
-8.7 |
-5.0 |
-0.6 |
2.6 |
Fuels |
0.9 |
0.1 |
1.4 |
0.1 |
|
2.3 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
3.0 |
|
-1.3 |
-3.6 |
-2.6 |
-3.0 |
Other raw materials |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
|
4.6 |
5.0 |
1.8 |
1.3 |
|
-3.5 |
-3.8 |
-0.9 |
-0.2 |
Food industries |
5.9 |
5.0 |
5.8 |
4.2 |
|
6.6 |
7.4 |
13.8 |
8.1 |
|
-0.7 |
-2.3 |
-7.9 |
-4.0 |
Traditional ind. |
21.8 |
27.3 |
39.1 |
39.7 |
|
8.9 |
15.5 |
18.8 |
29.3 |
|
12.8 |
11.5 |
20.2 |
10.4 |
Resource intensive ind. |
36.5 |
27.6 |
7.9 |
11.7 |
|
9.7 |
6.9 |
4.1 |
4.2 |
|
26.7 |
20.2 |
3.8 |
7.5 |
Scale intensive ind. |
20.1 |
27.2 |
26.9 |
28.1 |
|
26.6 |
21.5 |
19.5 |
22.8 |
|
-6.5 |
5.6 |
7.4 |
5.3 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
4.4 |
3.5 |
4.9 |
6.1 |
|
15.8 |
18.3 |
13.8 |
15.7 |
|
-11.4 |
-14.5 |
-8.9 |
-9.6 |
Science based ind. |
2.2 |
3.2 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
|
9.1 |
10.0 |
13.6 |
11.0 |
|
-6.8 |
-6.7 |
-9.3 |
-7.5 |
Others |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
|
1.7 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
2.1 |
|
-0.4 |
-1.3 |
-1.2 |
-1.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CEE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
7.7 |
9.0 |
5.8 |
3.9 |
|
17.4 |
8.2 |
3.6 |
2.9 |
|
-9.7 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
0.9 |
Fuels |
10.0 |
5.3 |
3.8 |
1.5 |
|
0.0 |
0.1 |
1.9 |
0.9 |
|
9.9 |
5.2 |
1.8 |
0.6 |
Other raw materials |
2.4 |
2.2 |
1.4 |
0.7 |
|
2.8 |
1.7 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
|
-0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
Food industries |
9.6 |
12.4 |
8.1 |
4.9 |
|
6.9 |
7.5 |
6.0 |
4.7 |
|
2.7 |
5.0 |
2.1 |
0.1 |
Traditional ind. |
21.7 |
23.0 |
31.3 |
31.6 |
|
12.1 |
14.9 |
20.7 |
23.1 |
|
9.6 |
8.0 |
10.5 |
8.5 |
Resource intensive ind. |
12.8 |
11.2 |
9.1 |
8.6 |
|
7.0 |
5.6 |
4.9 |
4.5 |
|
5.8 |
5.6 |
4.2 |
4.0 |
Scale intensive ind. |
22.3 |
22.9 |
24.8 |
27.6 |
|
25.1 |
24.8 |
25.9 |
28.7 |
|
-2.8 |
-1.9 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
7.8 |
7.3 |
7.9 |
10.5 |
|
17.8 |
21.8 |
18.1 |
16.5 |
|
-9.9 |
-14.5 |
-10.1 |
-5.9 |
Science based ind. |
4.4 |
5.1 |
6.1 |
8.9 |
|
8.2 |
13.1 |
15.6 |
16.4 |
|
-3.8 |
-8.0 |
-9.5 |
-6.5 |
Others |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
|
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
1.8 |
|
-1.3 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Indicator of comparative advantage (>0) or
disadvantage (<0). For the formula see text. ** Provisional data. |
|
|
Source: SIE-World Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PATTERNS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION AND COMPOSITION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HUNGARY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995** |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
10.0 |
11.3 |
7.2 |
6.3 |
|
6.8 |
3.3 |
2.4 |
1.7 |
|
3.2 |
8.0 |
4.7 |
Fuels |
0.8 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
|
0.8 |
0.2 |
-0.1 |
Other raw materials |
1.6 |
1.0 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
|
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
|
0.8 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
Food industries |
16.8 |
18.3 |
13.3 |
10.0 |
|
4.4 |
4.1 |
4.8 |
3.7 |
|
12.4 |
14.2 |
8.5 |
Traditional ind. |
24.5 |
22.3 |
30.3 |
27.1 |
|
19.7 |
19.1 |
24.5 |
25.6 |
|
4.8 |
3.1 |
5.9 |
Resource intensive ind. |
9.4 |
10.9 |
7.7 |
6.0 |
|
9.4 |
6.0 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
|
0.0 |
4.9 |
3.3 |
Scale intensive ind. |
23.5 |
21.5 |
20.7 |
23.3 |
|
26.9 |
29.9 |
28.9 |
28.9 |
|
-3.4 |
-8.4 |
-8.3 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
6.9 |
7.2 |
10.0 |
12.0 |
|
18.3 |
21.1 |
16.5 |
15.6 |
|
-11.4 |
-13.9 |
-6.5 |
Science based ind. |
4.5 |
6.0 |
9.1 |
12.8 |
|
11.3 |
14.0 |
16.3 |
18.4 |
|
-6.8 |
-8.0 |
-7.2 |
Others |
2.0 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.9 |
|
2.4 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
|
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
POLAND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
7.4 |
11.5 |
6.8 |
4.0 |
|
23.3 |
10.7 |
4.3 |
3.6 |
|
-15.7 |
0.7 |
2.5 |
Fuels |
18.1 |
11.2 |
7.2 |
3.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.2 |
4.3 |
2.0 |
|
17.9 |
11.0 |
2.9 |
Other raw materials |
3.5 |
3.4 |
2.1 |
1.1 |
|
3.5 |
1.7 |
1.2 |
0.6 |
|
0.0 |
1.7 |
0.9 |
Food industries |
9.8 |
11.8 |
8.5 |
5.6 |
|
9.1 |
10.3 |
7.5 |
5.4 |
|
0.7 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
Traditional ind. |
16.7 |
20.0 |
30.4 |
35.5 |
|
9.4 |
14.7 |
22.5 |
24.5 |
|
7.3 |
5.3 |
7.8 |
Resource intensive ind. |
14.7 |
10.9 |
11.4 |
11.8 |
|
4.7 |
4.4 |
5.5 |
4.7 |
|
9.9 |
6.5 |
5.9 |
Scale intensive ind. |
19.3 |
20.1 |
22.7 |
26.4 |
|
26.0 |
23.8 |
24.6 |
28.8 |
|
-6.6 |
-3.6 |
-1.9 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
6.3 |
6.1 |
5.2 |
7.3 |
|
15.1 |
19.0 |
14.2 |
13.8 |
|
-8.7 |
-12.8 |
-9.0 |
Science based ind. |
3.0 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
4.7 |
|
6.3 |
12.2 |
12.7 |
14.4 |
|
-3.2 |
-8.6 |
-8.6 |
Others |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
0.6 |
|
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
2.2 |
|
-1.5 |
-1.5 |
-1.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CZECHOSLOVAKIA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
6.4 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
|
|
15.8 |
9.7 |
3.5 |
|
|
-9.4 |
-6.5 |
0.1 |
Fuels |
4.8 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
|
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
4.7 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
Other raw materials |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
|
|
3.3 |
2.7 |
0.6 |
|
|
-1.9 |
-1.0 |
0.7 |
Food industries |
3.7 |
7.2 |
3.8 |
|
|
5.0 |
6.7 |
4.8 |
|
|
-1.3 |
0.5 |
-1.0 |
Traditional ind. |
27.0 |
28.0 |
33.3 |
|
|
10.2 |
10.5 |
15.6 |
|
|
16.8 |
17.5 |
17.6 |
Resource intensive ind. |
12.4 |
11.9 |
7.3 |
|
|
9.2 |
7.2 |
4.3 |
|
|
3.2 |
4.7 |
2.9 |
Scale intensive ind. |
25.9 |
28.3 |
30.7 |
|
|
21.4 |
20.4 |
25.4 |
|
|
4.5 |
7.9 |
5.2 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
10.9 |
9.2 |
9.7 |
|
|
22.9 |
27.2 |
24.3 |
|
|
-12.0 |
-17.9 |
-14.5 |
Science based ind. |
6.2 |
6.5 |
6.4 |
|
|
9.1 |
13.7 |
18.9 |
|
|
-2.9 |
-7.2 |
-12.5 |
Others |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
|
|
3.0 |
1.9 |
2.5 |
|
|
-1.7 |
-0.2 |
-0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Indicator of comparative advantage (>0) or
disadvantage (<0). For the formula see text. ** Provisional data. |
|
Source: SIE-World Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PATTERNS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION AND COMPOSITION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CZECH REPUBLIC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 |
1994 |
1995** |
|
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
|
|
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
|
Agricultural prod. |
3.8 |
3.6 |
2.6 |
|
|
3.5 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
|
|
0.3 |
0.7 |
-0.2 |
|
Fuels |
2.3 |
3.1 |
1.1 |
|
|
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
|
|
2.2 |
2.7 |
1.0 |
|
Other raw materials |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
|
|
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
|
|
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
|
Food industries |
3.6 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
|
|
4.5 |
4.7 |
4.6 |
|
|
-0.9 |
-1.8 |
-2.1 |
|
Traditional ind. |
32.5 |
31.7 |
32.3 |
|
|
19.1 |
19.9 |
19.9 |
|
|
13.3 |
11.8 |
12.2 |
|
Resource intensive ind. |
6.0 |
6.2 |
6.2 |
|
|
5.0 |
5.4 |
4.7 |
|
|
1.0 |
0.8 |
1.5 |
|
Scale intensive ind. |
30.9 |
28.6 |
29.0 |
|
|
24.7 |
26.5 |
27.9 |
|
|
6.1 |
2.1 |
1.1 |
|
Specialized suppliers ind. |
11.0 |
11.6 |
14.6 |
|
|
24.0 |
20.8 |
20.6 |
|
|
-12.9 |
-9.1 |
-6.0 |
|
Science based ind. |
7.7 |
8.8 |
10.1 |
|
|
17.4 |
16.9 |
17.5 |
|
|
-9.6 |
-8.0 |
-7.3 |
|
Others |
1.3 |
2.8 |
1.0 |
|
|
1.5 |
2.4 |
1.6 |
|
|
-0.2 |
0.4 |
-0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SLOVAKIA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
|
|
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
|
|
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
|
Agricultural prod. |
3.9 |
4.0 |
1.4 |
|
|
4.8 |
5.2 |
2.9 |
|
|
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
-1.5 |
|
Fuels |
0.1 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
0.1 |
2.7 |
0.0 |
|
Other raw materials |
1.5 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
|
|
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
|
|
1.1 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
|
Food industries |
2.0 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
|
|
4.5 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
|
|
-2.6 |
-3.1 |
-2.9 |
|
Traditional ind. |
39.7 |
32.8 |
32.1 |
|
|
5.0 |
4.9 |
4.1 |
|
|
19.3 |
13.1 |
12.6 |
|
Resource intensive ind. |
9.7 |
9.6 |
8.5 |
|
|
20.4 |
19.6 |
19.5 |
|
|
4.7 |
4.8 |
4.4 |
|
Scale intensive ind. |
30.5 |
33.4 |
40.0 |
|
|
20.8 |
24.5 |
30.3 |
|
|
9.6 |
8.9 |
9.7 |
|
Specialized suppliers ind. |
6.5 |
6.3 |
8.6 |
|
|
26.1 |
18.7 |
18.8 |
|
|
-19.6 |
-12.4 |
-10.2 |
|
Science based ind. |
5.0 |
6.5 |
7.4 |
|
|
16.1 |
18.8 |
18.3 |
|
|
-11.1 |
-12.3 |
-10.9 |
|
Others |
1.3 |
2.4 |
0.2 |
|
|
1.8 |
3.1 |
1.4 |
|
|
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-1.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Indicator of comparative advantage (>0) or
disadvantage (<0). For the formula see text. ** Provisional data. |
|
|
Source: SIE-World Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE BETWEEN THE EU AND THE CEE COUNTRIES* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 |
1991 |
1993 |
1994 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Czechoslovakia |
0,38** |
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Czech Republic |
|
|
0.57 |
0.59 |
|
|
|
|
Slovakia |
|
|
|
0.40 |
0.43 |
|
|
|
|
Hungary |
|
0.39 |
0.49 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
Poland |
|
0.33 |
0.34 |
0.38 |
0.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Manufacturing trade only |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Grubel - Lloyd indices |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source: ECE (1995) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average unit-value rations in CEE trade
with the EU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 |
1991 |
1993 |
1994 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Czechoslovakia |
1.74 |
0.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
Czech Republic |
|
|
0.91 |
0.64 |
|
|
|
Slovakia |
|
|
|
0.71 |
0.76 |
|
|
|
Hungary |
|
0.71 |
0.96 |
1.01 |
1.13 |
|
|
|
Poland |
|
0.88 |
0.78 |
0.76 |
0.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source: ECE (1995) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FDI in the CEE Countries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flows of net FDI (mn USD) |
|
Cumulative inflows |
FDI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FDI (mn USD) |
|
flow/GDP% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
|
1995 |
|
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Czech Republic |
120 |
511 |
947 |
517* |
842* |
2,500 |
|
5,881 |
|
6.9 |
|
Hungary |
|
311 |
1,459 |
1,471 |
2,328 |
1,097 |
4,410 |
|
11,394 |
|
10.7 |
|
Poland |
|
10 |
117 |
284 |
580 |
542 |
1,134 |
|
2,751 |
|
1.2 |
|
Slovakia |
|
18 |
82 |
100 |
134* |
170* |
180* |
|
704 |
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Excluding flows between the Czech Republic and
Slovakia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source: Inotai (1996), data from ECE various
issues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PATTERNS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION AND COMPOSITION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EAST ASIAN NICs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995** |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
6.0 |
3.0 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
|
10.5 |
6.4 |
4.6 |
3.7 |
|
-4.5 |
-3.4 |
-2.4 |
-2.2 |
Fuels |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
15.0 |
5.6 |
6.0 |
4.4 |
|
-14.8 |
-5.6 |
-5.9 |
-4.3 |
Other raw materials |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
1.1 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
|
-0.6 |
-0.9 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
Food industries |
4.0 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
2.2 |
|
5.1 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
|
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
Traditional ind. |
38.7 |
36.3 |
32.8 |
25.1 |
|
13.9 |
17.9 |
18.8 |
16.9 |
|
24.7 |
18.4 |
14.0 |
8.2 |
Resource intensive ind. |
9.5 |
5.3 |
5.0 |
4.7 |
|
7.4 |
7.4 |
7.0 |
7.1 |
|
2.1 |
-2.1 |
-1.9 |
-2.5 |
Scale intensive ind. |
19.2 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
20.0 |
|
19.0 |
20.6 |
19.9 |
19.5 |
|
0.2 |
-0.2 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
4.2 |
6.1 |
6.5 |
8.6 |
|
10.0 |
11.8 |
11.4 |
10.9 |
|
-5.7 |
-5.6 |
-4.8 |
-2.3 |
Science based ind. |
13.8 |
24.0 |
27.6 |
35.4 |
|
16.5 |
23.8 |
25.1 |
31.0 |
|
-2.8 |
0.1 |
2.4 |
4.5 |
Others |
4.0 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
|
1.5 |
1.8 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
|
2.5 |
0.3 |
-0.7 |
-0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HONG KONG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
3.2 |
2.6 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
|
9.5 |
5.0 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
|
-6.3 |
-2.4 |
-1.8 |
-1.5 |
Fuels |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
|
-0.2 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
Other raw materials |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
0.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Food industries |
1.6 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
|
6.9 |
5.0 |
4.3 |
3.7 |
|
-5.3 |
-2.4 |
-1.5 |
-1.2 |
Traditional ind. |
52.1 |
47.3 |
45.2 |
39.7 |
|
29.9 |
35.7 |
33.5 |
30.4 |
|
22.1 |
11.5 |
11.7 |
9.2 |
Resource intensive ind. |
1.7 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
|
8.8 |
5.2 |
4.7 |
4.9 |
|
-7.1 |
-2.9 |
-2.0 |
-1.5 |
Scale intensive ind. |
15.0 |
14.3 |
16.4 |
17.8 |
|
17.3 |
17.0 |
19.1 |
19.8 |
|
-2.3 |
-2.8 |
-2.7 |
-2.0 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
3.2 |
5.6 |
6.4 |
6.1 |
|
6.7 |
7.2 |
7.5 |
6.9 |
|
-3.4 |
-1.6 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
Science based ind. |
18.6 |
22.3 |
21.8 |
26.9 |
|
18.7 |
22.1 |
22.1 |
28.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.2 |
-0.3 |
-1.1 |
Others |
3.9 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
|
2.0 |
2.0 |
4.9 |
3.3 |
|
1.9 |
0.9 |
-1.8 |
-1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Indicator of comparative advantage (>0) or
disadvantage (<0). For the formula see text. ** Provisional data. |
|
|
Source: SIE-World Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PATTERNS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION AND COMPOSITION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SINGAPORE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995** |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
11.3 |
4.4 |
2.8 |
1.9 |
|
7.8 |
4.2 |
3.0 |
2.1 |
|
3.4 |
0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
Fuels |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
23.7 |
9.4 |
8.8 |
5.2 |
|
-23.0 |
-9.2 |
-8.6 |
-5.1 |
Other raw materials |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
|
0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
Food industries |
5.7 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
2.8 |
|
5.6 |
4.2 |
4.1 |
3.1 |
|
0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
Traditional ind. |
10.0 |
10.3 |
9.2 |
6.6 |
|
10.5 |
11.1 |
10.8 |
9.1 |
|
-0.5 |
-0.8 |
-1.5 |
-2.5 |
Resource intensive ind. |
30.7 |
18.6 |
15.0 |
9.3 |
|
7.6 |
9.4 |
8.9 |
7.0 |
|
22.8 |
9.2 |
6.1 |
2.3 |
Scale intensive ind. |
14.0 |
18.1 |
18.8 |
16.1 |
|
16.5 |
19.2 |
19.3 |
18.0 |
|
-2.5 |
-1.1 |
-0.5 |
-1.9 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
5.9 |
8.0 |
7.6 |
8.1 |
|
10.3 |
11.0 |
11.4 |
11.3 |
|
-4.3 |
-3.0 |
-3.8 |
-3.3 |
Science based ind. |
14.0 |
34.4 |
40.6 |
52.5 |
|
16.0 |
29.2 |
32.0 |
42.6 |
|
-2.0 |
5.2 |
8.5 |
9.9 |
Others |
7.5 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
2.6 |
|
1.6 |
2.0 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
|
5.8 |
-0.3 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TAIWAN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
3.7 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
1.7 |
|
10.3 |
6.3 |
5.1 |
4.9 |
|
-6.5 |
-3.8 |
-2.5 |
-3.1 |
Fuels |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.4 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
2.1 |
|
-0.4 |
-1.4 |
-1.1 |
-2.0 |
Other raw materials |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
|
-0.9 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
Food industries |
6.6 |
3.3 |
3.9 |
2.4 |
|
1.9 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
|
4.6 |
0.3 |
0.9 |
-0.8 |
Traditional ind. |
49.6 |
40.9 |
35.8 |
26.7 |
|
6.4 |
7.1 |
8.1 |
9.7 |
|
42.6 |
32.7 |
27.5 |
16.7 |
Resource intensive ind. |
0.7 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
3.1 |
|
7.1 |
8.1 |
7.5 |
8.2 |
|
-6.3 |
-6.8 |
-6.6 |
-4.9 |
Scale intensive ind. |
18.9 |
18.5 |
15.0 |
14.5 |
|
29.9 |
30.1 |
28.6 |
22.6 |
|
-11.0 |
-11.3 |
-13.6 |
-8.0 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
5.4 |
7.8 |
7.7 |
11.3 |
|
18.1 |
16.2 |
16.4 |
12.6 |
|
-12.6 |
-8.1 |
-8.7 |
-1.3 |
Science based ind. |
12.0 |
23.6 |
32.0 |
38.5 |
|
22.4 |
24.3 |
27.1 |
33.1 |
|
-10.3 |
-0.6 |
4.9 |
5.3 |
Others |
3.1 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
|
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
|
0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KOREA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Export Composition |
|
Import Composition |
|
Trade Specialization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
1980 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural prod. |
5.0 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
1.4 |
|
14.4 |
9.8 |
7.5 |
5.9 |
|
-9.3 |
-6.9 |
-5.3 |
-4.5 |
Fuels |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
27.4 |
11.0 |
15.0 |
11.1 |
|
-27.0 |
-11.0 |
-15.0 |
-11.1 |
Other raw materials |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
2.7 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
1.6 |
|
-2.2 |
-2.5 |
-2.0 |
-1.5 |
Food industries |
2.9 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
4.5 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
|
-1.5 |
-1.1 |
-1.6 |
-1.6 |
Traditional ind. |
46.7 |
38.3 |
30.9 |
20.9 |
|
5.4 |
8.6 |
9.2 |
9.3 |
|
40.7 |
29.6 |
21.7 |
11.6 |
Resource intensive ind. |
1.7 |
2.7 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
|
6.1 |
8.0 |
8.5 |
9.8 |
|
-4.3 |
-5.3 |
-4.9 |
-6.3 |
Scale intensive ind. |
30.0 |
30.8 |
33.3 |
32.0 |
|
17.9 |
20.3 |
16.7 |
18.5 |
|
12.0 |
10.5 |
16.6 |
13.4 |
Specialized suppliers ind. |
2.6 |
4.0 |
5.1 |
10.0 |
|
8.9 |
15.1 |
14.5 |
15.1 |
|
-6.2 |
-11.1 |
-9.4 |
-5.1 |
Science based ind. |
9.4 |
18.7 |
22.5 |
28.4 |
|
12.2 |
21.3 |
22.5 |
23.3 |
|
-2.7 |
-2.6 |
0.0 |
5.1 |
Others |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
2.5 |
|
0.6 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
2.5 |
|
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Trade |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Indicator of comparative advantage (>0) or
disadvantage (<0). For the formula see text. ** Provisional data. |
|
|
Source: SIE-World Trade Data Base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|