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EXTERNAL DEBT, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, AND EXPORTS  1980-1994
In current US$   million
Source: World Development Report 1996 (tables 12 and 17)

                                      LOW INCOME ECONOMIES
                             EXTERNAL DEBT AS PERCENTAGE OF
                                    GNP         Exports of goods/services
                               1980     1994      1980     1994
   Rwanda                        16.3    164.8     113.7   2163.9
   Mozambique                ...         450.4  ...        1388.7
   Ethiopia                  ...         109.8     139.4    630.0
   Tanzania                  ...         229.5     349.7    877.5
   Burundi                       18.2    113.8  ...        1144.9
   Sierra Leone                  40.7    187.3     158.3 ...
   Malawi                        72.1    160.3     262.4    523.0
   Chad                          31.6     91.0     320.2    450.9
   Uganda                        55.7     88.1     213.2   1042.7
   Madagascar                    31.1    225.3     240.7    652.1
   Nepal                         10.4     56.2      91.5    223.4
   Vietnam                   ...         161.3  ...         514.3
   Bangladesh                    33.4     63.4     399.8    400.7
   Haiti                         20.9     44.2      73.4   1108.9
   Niger                         34.5    104.2     138.6    617.4
   Guinea-Bissau                128.4    340.7  ...        1801.8
   Kenya                         48.1    112.4     168.6    275.0
   Mali                          45.4    151.8     227.2    589.2
   Nigeria                       10.1    102.5      33.0    322.6
   Yemen Rep.                ...      ...       ...         196.3
   Burkina Faso                  19.5     61.1      91.8 ...
   Mongolia                  ...          61.3  ...         106.5
   India                         11.9     34.2     146.5    253.7
   Lao PDR                   ...         135.6  ...         803.1
   Togo                          95.9    156.6     187.9    470.5
   Gambia, The                   61.5    117.3     206.5    194.6
   Nicaragua                    108.5    800.6     443.4   2286.1
   Zambia                        90.7    204.3     202.3    560.1
   Tajikistan                ...          28.7  ...      ...
   Benin                         30.2    109.4     139.7    399.9
   Central African Rep.          24.3    104.0      96.9    490.6
   Albania                   ...          50.8  ...         190.7
   Ghana                         31.6    101.5     115.8    389.2
   Pakistan                      42.4     56.6       211    303.3
   Mauritania                   125.5    240.1     326.7    518.1
   Azerbaijan                ...           3.1  ...          17.7
   Zimbabwe                      14.9     85.9      48.3 ...
   Guinea                    ...          94.7       202    455.7
   China                          2.2     19.3      21.4     84.3
   Honduras                      60.6 ...          156.3    345.3
   Senegal                       50.5     99.1       167    277.6
   Cote d'Ivoire                 76.9    338.9     208.3      581
   Congo                           99    454.2     149.2    489.2
   Kyrgyz Republic           ...          16.2  ...         129.8
   Sri Lanka                     46.1     67.6     127.6    168.3
   Armenia                   ...           8.3  ...          83.4
   Cameroon                      36.8      107     138.2    325.1
   Egypt, Arab Rep.              89.2     78.9     213.9    231.8
   Lesotho                       11.4     44.4      79.5    331.9
   Georgia                   ...          58.6  ...         254.2
   Myanmar                       26.0      8.8     278.0    580.8


                                  LOWER MIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIES
                             EXTERNAL DEBT AS PERCENTAGE OF
                                    GNP         Exports of goods/services
                               1980     1994      1980     1994
   Bolivia                       93.4     89.4     262.4    390.1
   Macedonia, FYR            ...          56.9  ...          75.4
   Moldova                   ...          13.2  ...          79.7
   Indonesia                       28     57.4      94.7    211.3
   Philippines                   53.7     59.7     233.9    189.7
   Uzbekistan                ...           5.4  ...          33.0
   Morocco                       53.3     76.3       227    257.1
   Kazakstan                 ...          14.9  ...          88.1
   Guatemala                     14.9     23.4      67.4    121.4
   Papua New Guinea              28.9     57.5      69.9     99.4
   Bulgaria                         2    104.8       4.2    193.1
   Romania                   ...          18.3      80.9     78.0
   Ecuador                       53.8     96.6     207.7    335.3
   Dominican Republic            31.2     41.8     137.7    144.8
   Lithuania                 ...           8.4  ...          20.3
   El Salvador                   26.1     26.9      74.0     84.0
   Jordan                    ...         121.8      86.2    172.9
   Jamaica                         78    110.1     135.7    149.8
   Paraguay                      20.7     25.1     136.2     78.3
   Algeria                       47.1     74.3     132.8    312.1
   Colombia                      20.9     29.6     128.8    159.4
   Tunisia                       41.6     60.8      98.5    122.1
   Ukraine                   ...           6.6  ...          37.7
   Namibia                   ...      ...       ...      ...
   Peru                          47.6     46.2     202.5    379.6
   Belarus                   ...           6.3  ...          45.9
   Slovak Republic                5.6     33.2  ...          45.3
   Latvia                    ...           6.3  ...          28.8
   Costa Rica                    59.7     47.8     229.3    116.4
   Poland                        16.3     46.2      55.5      195
   Thailand                      25.9     43.1     104.5    107.9
   Turkey                        34.3     51.4     336.2    217.1
   Croatia                   ...          16.4  ...          33.4
   Panama                        81.8    107.2      88.0 ...
   Russian Federation        ...          25.4  ...         161.1
   Venezuela                     42.1     65.6     146.6    209.7
   Botswana                      16.3     17.4      22.7     32.3
   Estonia                   ...           4.1  ...      ...
   Iran, Islamic Rep.             4.8     36.6      34.5    118.6
   Turkmenistan              ...      ...       ...          17.2


                                   UPPER MIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIES
                             EXTERNAL DEBT AS PERCENTAGE OF
                                    GNP         Exports of goods/services
                               1980     1994      1980     1994
   Brazil                        31.8     27.9    334.0    336.0
   South Africa              ...      ...          ...      ...
   Mauritius                     41.6     40.3     82.1     68.1
   Czech Republic                13.0     29.7     ...      56.8
   Malaysia                      28.0     36.9     46.8     39.0
   Chile                         45.5     45.5    202.4    160.0
   Trinidad and Tobago           14.0     50.3     26.4    104.1
   Hungary                       44.8     70.1      ...    260.9      
   Gabon                         39.3    122.5     63.0    165.1
   Mexico                        30.5     35.2    266.4    238.4
   Uruguay                       17.0     33.2    108.6    161.4
   Oman                          11.2     30.7     15.8      ...
   Slovenia                       ...     16.4     ...      26.8
   Saudi Arabia              ...      ...          ...      ...
   Greece                    ...      ...          ...      ...
   Argentina                     35.6     27.8     274.6    405.4
   Korea, Rep.                   47.9     15.3     134.5     48.1
   
   Low and middle income         26.5     37.6      88.3    162.8
    Sub-Saharan Africa           30.6     78.7      90.9    265.7
    East Asia and Pacific        21.5     30.9      93.6     93.3
    South Asia                   17.4     42.0     161.1    271.6
    Europe and Central Asia      25.7     32.8      54.6    153.7
    Middle East and N. Africa    18.6     41.7      36.8    148.5
    Latin America & Caribbean    36.2     37.2     206.0    258.6

   ----------------------------------------------------------------
   Total debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services
   is the sum of principal repayments and interest payments on total
   external debt. It is one of several conventional measures used to
   assess a country's ability to service debt.
   Multilateral debt as a percentage of total external debt conveys
   information about the borrower's receipt of aid from the World
   Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and
   intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds
   administered by an international organization on behalf of a
   single donor government.

   ===============RRojas Research Unit /1996==========================