EXTERNAL DEBT AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1980-1994
In current US$ million
Source: World Development Report 1996 (tables 12 and 17)
LOW INCOME ECONOMIES
Total ext. debt GDP
1980 1994 1980 1994 R index*
Rwanda 190 954 1163 585 0.100
Mozambique ... 5491 2028 1467 N.D.
Ethiopia 824 5058 5179 4688 0.147
Tanzania 2616 7441 5702 3378 0.208
Burundi 166 1125 920 1001 0.161
Sierra Leone 435 1392 1100 843 0.239
Malawi 821 2015 1238 1302 0.429
Chad 228 816 727 910 0.350
Uganda 702 3473 1267 4001 0.638
Madagascar 1241 4134 4042 1918 0.142
Nepal 205 2320 1946 4048 0.184
Vietnam 6 25115 ... 15570 N.D.
Bangladesh 4327 16569 12950 26164 0.528
Haiti 303 712 1462 1623 0.472
Niger 863 1569 2538 1540 0.334
Guinea-Bissau 135 816 105 243 0.383
Kenya 3383 7273 7265 6860 0.439
Mali 732 2781 1629 1871 0.302
Nigeria 8921 33485 93082 35200 0.101
Yemen Rep. 1684 5959 ... ... N.D.
Burkina Faso 330 1125 1709 1856 0.319
Mongolia ... 443 2329 741 N.D.
India 20582 98990 172321 293606 0.354
Lao PDR 350 2080 ... 1534 N.D.
Togo 1052 1455 1136 981 0.624
Gambia, The 137 419 233 363 0.509
Nicaragua 2192 11019 2144 1833 0.170
Zambia 3261 6573 3884 3481 0.445
Tajikistan ... 594 ... 2009 N.D.
Benin 424 1619 1405 1522 0.284
Central African Rep. 195 891 797 872 0.239
Albania ... 925 1636 1808 N.D.
Ghana 1398 5389 4445 5421 0.316
Pakistan 9930 29579 23690 52011 0.737
Mauritania 843 2326 709 1027 0.525
Azerbaijan ... 113 ... 3541 N.D.
Zimbabwe 786 4368 5355 5432 0.183
Guinea 1117 3104 ... 3395 N.D.
China 4504 100536 201696 522172 0.116
Honduras 1472 4418 2566 3333 0.433
Senegal 1473 3678 3016 3881 0.515
Cote d'Ivoire 7445 18452 10175 6716 0.266
Congo 1526 5275 1706 1578 0.268
Kyrgyz Republic ... 441 ... 2666 N.D.
Sri Lanka 1841 7811 4024 11712 0.686
Armenia ... 214 ... 2607 N.D.
Cameroon 2513 7275 7499 7470 0.344
Egypt, Arab Rep. 19131 33358 22912 42923 1.074
Lesotho 72 600 368 886 0.289
Georgia ... 1227 ... 2063 N.D.
Myanmar 1499 6502 ... ... N.D.
Total LOW-INCOME 111855 489297 620098 1102652 0.407
LOWER MIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIES
Total ext. debt GDP
1980 1994 1980 1994
Bolivia 2702 4749 3074 5506 1.019
Macedonia, FYR ... 924 ... 1678 N.D.
Moldova ... 492 ... 3672 N.D.
Indonesia 20944 96500 78013 174640 0.486
Philippines 17417 39302 32500 64162 0.875
Uzbekistan ... 1156 ... 21508 N.D.
Morocco 9710 22512 18821 30803 0.706
Kazakstan ... 2704 ... 18167 N.D.
Guatemala 1166 3017 7879 12919 0.634
Papua New Guinea 719 2878 2548 5403 0.530
Bulgaria 392 10468 20040 10199 0.019
Romania 9762 5492 ... 30086 N.D.
Ecuador 5997 14955 11733 16556 0.566
Dominican Republic 2002 4293 6631 10416 0.733
Lithuania ... 438 ... 5224 N.D.
El Salvador 911 2188 3574 8116 0.945
Jordan 1971 7051 ... 6105 N.D.
Jamaica 1913 4318 2679 4241 0.701
Paraguay 955 1979 4579 7826 0.825
Algeria 19365 29898 42347 41941 0.641
Colombia 6940 19416 33399 67266 0.720
Tunisia 3526 9254 8743 15770 0.687
Ukraine ... 5430 ... 91307 N.D.
Namibia ... ... 2190 2884 N.D.
Peru 9386 22623 20661 50077 1.006
Belarus ... 1272 ... 20287 N.D.
Slovak Republic 670 4067 12027 12370 0.169
Latvia ... 364 ... 5817 N.D.
Costa Rica 2744 3843 4831 8281 1.224
Poland 8894 42160 57068 92580 0.342
Thailand 8297 60991 32354 143209 0.602
Turkey 19131 66332 56919 131014 0.664
Croatia ... 2304 ... 14017 N.D.
Panama 2975 7107 3592 6975 0.813
Russian Federation 4477 94232 ... 376555 N.D.
Venezuela 29345 36850 69377 58257 0.669
Botswana 147 691 971 4011 0.879
Estonia ... 186 ... 4578 N.D.
Iran, Islamic Rep. 4500 22712 92664 63716 0.136
Turkmenistan ... 418 ... 5156 N.D.
Total lower-m-income 196958 655566 629214 1653295 0.789
UPPER MIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIES
Total ext. debt GDP
1980 1994 1980 1994
Brazil 79920 151104 236995 554587 1.238
South Africa ... ... 78743 121888 N.D.
Mauritius 467 1355 1132 3385 1.031
Czech Republic 3789 10694 29123 36024 0.438
Malaysia 6611 24767 24488 70626 0.770
Chile 12081 22939 27572 51957 0.992
Trinidad and Tobago 829 2218 6236 4792 0.287
Hungary 9764 28016 22163 41374 0.651
Gabon 1514 3967 4279 3945 0.352
Mexico 57378 128302 194905 377115 0.865
Uruguay 1660 5099 10133 15539 0.499
Oman 599 3084 5982 11628 0.378
Slovenia ... 2290 ... 14037 N.D.
Saudi Arabia ... ... 156487 117236 N.D.
Greece ... ... 40147 77721 N.D.
Argentina 27157 77388 76962 281922 1.285
Korea, Rep. 29480 54542 63661 376505 3.197
Total upper-m-income 231249 515765 979008 2160281 0.989
Low and middle income 647309 1921450 3222247 5276483 0.552
Sub-Saharan Africa 84049 212416 297077 277021 0.369
East Asia and Pacific 94307 421329 524972 1520558 0.648
South Asia 38112 161128 219283 394958 0.426
Europe and Central Asia 87919 356090 ... 1029958 N.D.
Middle East and N. Africa 84257 207669 463036 425707 0.373
Latin America & Caribbean 258665 562818 762475 1624083 0.979
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* R Index: I built this index to relate absolute debt growth with
absolute gross domestic product growth. The formula is
as follows:
R Index = (GDP1994/GDP1980)/(DEBT1994/DEBT1980)
Obviously, values of R Index equal to or above 1 reflect
levels of efficient utilization of the foreign debt. The
reverse is true for values below 1. (Dr. Robinson Rojas)
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The data on debt in this table come from the World Bank Debtor
Reporting System, supplemented by World Bank estimates. The
system is concerned solely with developing economies and does
not collect data for other groups of borrowers or for economies
that are not members of the World Bank. Debt is stated in U.S.
dollars converted at official exchange rates.
TOTAL EXTERNAL DEBT is the sum of
public,
publicly guaranted, and
private non-guaranteed long-term debt,
use of IMF credit, and short-term debt.
Long-term debt has three components:
public,
publicly guaranteed, and
private non-guaranteed loans.
Public loans are external obligations of public debtors,
including the national government, its agencies, and
autonomous public bodies.
Publicly guaranteed loans are external obligations of
private debtors that are guaranteed for repayment by a
public entity.
Private non-guaranteed loans are external obligationes
of private debtors that are not guaranteed for repayment
by a public entity.
Use of IMF credit denotes repurchase obligations to the
IMF for all uses of IMF resources, excluding those resulting
from drawings in the reserve tranche. It comprises purchases
outstanding under the credit tranches, including enlarged
access resources, and all special facilities ( the buffer
stock, compensatory financing, extended fund, and oil
facilities ), trust fund loans, and operations under the
enhanced structural adjustment facilities.
Use of IMF credit outstanding at year-end ( a stock ) is
converted to U.S. dollars at the dollar-SDR exchange rate
in effect at year-end.
Short-term debt is debt with an original maturity of one
year or less. It includes interest arrears on long-term
debt outstanding and disbursed that are due but not paid
on a cumulative basis. Available data permit no distinctions
between public and private non-guaranteed short-term debt.
===============RRojas Research Unit /1996==========================
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