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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- These data on hourly compensation costs for production workers in component manufacturing industries are unpublished BLS data. Nevertheless, we make these data available here, and there are no restrictions on their use. In general, the limitations associated with the component industry data are greater than the limitations associated with the total manufacturing data. Users are advised to read the Appendix and footnotes to the tables. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNPUBLISHED DATA ----------------
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS
40 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
31 COUNTRIES OR AREAS, 1975 AND 1985-95
GENERAL NOTES:
.. DATA NOT AVAILABLE.
-- INDEX US=100 NOT APPLICABLE BECAUSE OF INDUSTRIAL
CLASSIFICATION DIFFERENCES.
PREPARED BY: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS,
OFFICE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGY, JUNE 1996.
Industry Tables and Appendix Page Industry Tables and Appendix Page
All Manufacturing 1 Stone, Clay, and Glass Products 58
Glass and Glassware 61
Food, Beverages, and Tobacco 4 Pottery and Related Products 64
Textile, Apparel, and Leather Products 7 Primary Metal Industries 67
Textile Mill Products 10 Iron and Steel 70
Apparel and Other Textile Products 13 Nonferrous Metals 73
Leather and Leather Products 16 Metal Products, Machinery, & Equipment 76
Leather Footwear 19 Fabricated Metal Products 79
Lumber, Wood Products, and Furniture 22 Industrial-Commercial Machinery & Equipment 82
Lumber and Wood Products 25 Electronic & Other Electrical Equipment 85
Furniture and Fixtures 28 Electronic Equipment 88
Paper, Printing, and Publishing 31 Household Audio & Video Equipment 88
Paper and Allied Products 34 Electronic Components & Accessories 88
Printing and Publishing 37 Transportation Equipment 91
Chemicals & Petroleum, Rubber & Plastics 40 Motor Vehicles and Equipment 94
Chemicals and Allied Products 43 Aircraft, Space Vehicles, and Parts 97
Petroleum and Coal Products 46 Ship and Boat Building and Repairing 100
Petroleum Refining 46 Instruments and Related Products 103
Rubber and Plastics Products 49 Miscellaneous Manufacturing 106
Rubber Products 52
Tires and Inner Tubes 52 Appendix: 109
Plastics Products 55 Technical Notes 109
Country Notes 112
Exchange Rates 115
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 1
ALL MANUFACTURING
1975 AND 1985-95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA 94 84 84 89 97 103 106 110 106 100 94 93
MEXICO 23 12 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 15 9
AUSTRALIA 88 63 64 70 82 87 88 87 81 76 83 84
HONG KONG (1) 12 13 14 15 17 19 21 23 24 26 27 28
INDIA 3 3 3 3 3 2 .. .. .. .. .. ..
ISRAEL 35 31 39 47 55 54 57 56 56 53 55 62
JAPAN 47 49 70 80 91 88 86 94 101 115 125 138
KOREA 5 9 10 12 16 22 25 30 32 34 38 43
NEW ZEALAND 50 34 41 50 59 54 56 54 49 49 53 59
PAKISTAN 3 2 3 3 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. ..
SINGAPORE 13 19 17 17 19 22 25 28 31 32 37 42
SRI LANKA 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 ..
TAIWAN 6 12 13 17 20 25 26 28 32 31 33 34
AUSTRIA (1) 71 58 81 101 104 99 119 116 126 122 128 148
BELGIUM 101 69 94 113 114 108 129 127 138 131 138 156
DENMARK 99 62 83 108 109 101 120 117 124 116 121 141
FINLAND (1) 72 63 81 99 113 118 141 136 124 100 114 144
FRANCE 71 58 78 91 93 88 102 98 105 98 101 112
GERMANY (1) 100 74 101 126 131 124 147 146 158 154 160 185
GREECE 27 28 31 34 38 38 45 44 46 43 45 52
IRELAND 48 46 60 69 72 67 79 78 83 73 75 80
ITALY 73 59 79 96 101 101 119 119 122 97 95 96
LUXEMBOURG 100 59 80 97 99 95 110 108 117 112 119 ..
NETHERLANDS 103 67 92 112 114 105 123 117 126 121 124 141
NORWAY 106 80 100 124 133 128 144 139 143 122 124 142
PORTUGAL 25 12 16 19 20 21 25 27 32 27 27 31
SPAIN 40 36 47 56 61 62 76 78 83 70 68 74
SWEDEN 113 74 94 112 121 122 140 142 153 107 112 124
SWITZERLAND 96 74 104 126 129 117 140 139 144 137 148 170
UNITED KINGDOM 53 48 58 67 76 74 85 88 90 76 76 80
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: AVERAGE OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURES & ALL PRINTING
& PUBLISHING & MISCELLANOUS MANUFACTURING.
FINLAND: INCLUDING MINING & ELECTRICAL POWER PLANTS.
BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY. EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 2
ALL MANUFACTURING
1975 AND 1985-95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.36 13.01 13.26 13.52 13.91 14.32 14.91 15.58 16.09 16.51 16.86 17.20
CANADA 5.96 10.94 11.10 12.04 13.50 14.77 15.83 17.16 17.03 16.43 15.87 16.03
MEXICO 1.47 1.59 1.09 1.04 1.25 1.43 1.58 1.84 2.17 2.40 2.47 1.51
AUSTRALIA 5.62 8.20 8.54 9.46 11.35 12.41 13.07 13.53 13.02 12.49 14.02 14.40
HONG KONG (1) .76 1.73 1.88 2.09 2.40 2.79 3.20 3.58 3.92 4.29 4.61 4.82
INDIA .19 .35 .42 .39 .39 .32 .. .. .. .. .. ..
ISRAEL 2.25 4.06 5.20 6.34 7.67 7.69 8.55 8.79 9.09 8.82 9.19 10.59
JAPAN 3.00 6.34 9.22 10.79 12.63 12.53 12.80 14.66 16.28 19.01 21.07 23.66
KOREA .32 1.23 1.31 1.59 2.20 3.17 3.71 4.61 5.22 5.64 6.40 7.40
NEW ZEALAND 3.21 4.47 5.50 6.77 8.19 7.80 8.33 8.36 7.91 8.01 8.93 10.11
PAKISTAN .21 .32 .36 .38 .37 .37 .. .. .. .. .. ..
SINGAPORE .84 2.47 2.23 2.31 2.67 3.15 3.78 4.35 4.95 5.25 6.29 7.28
SRI LANKA .28 .28 .29 .30 .31 .31 .35 .40 .40 .42 .45 ..
TAIWAN .40 1.50 1.73 2.26 2.81 3.52 3.93 4.36 5.09 5.19 5.49 5.82
AUSTRIA (1) 4.51 7.58 10.73 13.67 14.52 14.16 17.75 18.09 20.29 20.16 21.51 25.38
BELGIUM 6.41 8.97 12.43 15.25 15.82 15.51 19.22 19.83 22.23 21.62 23.25 26.88
DENMARK 6.28 8.13 11.07 14.61 15.19 14.49 17.96 18.26 20.02 19.11 20.40 24.19
FINLAND (1) 4.61 8.16 10.71 13.44 15.70 16.85 21.03 21.25 19.92 16.56 19.19 24.78
FRANCE 4.52 7.52 10.28 12.29 12.95 12.54 15.23 15.26 16.89 16.23 17.04 19.34
GERMANY (1) 6.35 9.60 13.43 17.02 18.28 17.75 21.96 22.69 25.40 25.36 26.90 31.88
GREECE 1.69 3.66 4.07 4.61 5.22 5.49 6.71 6.82 7.46 7.02 7.51 8.95
IRELAND 3.03 5.92 8.02 9.31 10.00 9.66 11.76 12.08 13.37 12.12 12.63 13.83
ITALY 4.67 7.63 10.47 13.02 13.98 14.41 17.74 18.60 19.60 16.00 16.10 16.48
LUXEMBOURG 6.35 7.72 10.65 13.05 13.80 13.56 16.37 16.87 18.85 18.49 20.06 ..
NETHERLANDS 6.58 8.75 12.22 15.14 15.83 15.04 18.29 18.30 20.34 20.05 20.92 24.18
NORWAY 6.77 10.37 13.24 16.79 18.45 18.29 21.47 21.63 23.03 20.21 20.97 24.38
PORTUGAL 1.58 1.53 2.08 2.52 2.78 2.97 3.77 4.24 5.17 4.50 4.60 5.35
SPAIN 2.53 4.66 6.25 7.63 8.55 8.94 11.33 12.20 13.37 11.50 11.39 12.70
SWEDEN 7.18 9.66 12.43 15.12 16.82 17.52 20.93 22.15 24.59 17.70 18.86 21.36
SWITZERLAND 6.09 9.66 13.76 17.08 18.01 16.73 20.86 21.69 23.23 22.63 24.90 29.28
UNITED KINGDOM 3.37 6.27 7.66 9.09 10.61 10.56 12.71 13.77 14.44 12.47 12.86 13.77
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: AVERAGE OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURES & ALL PRINTING
& PUBLISHING & MISCELLANOUS MANUFACTURING.
FINLAND: INCLUDING MINING & ELECTRICAL POWER PLANTS.
BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY. EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 3
ALL MANUFACTURING
1975 AND 1985-95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.36 13.01 13.26 13.52 13.91 14.32 14.91 15.58 16.09 16.51 16.86 17.20
CANADA 6.07 14.94 15.42 15.97 16.61 17.48 18.48 19.66 20.59 21.20 21.68 22.00
MEXICO 18 409 667 1437 2834 3509 4440 5541 6716 7.48 8.34 9.66
AUSTRALIA 4.30 11.70 12.73 13.49 14.47 15.68 16.74 17.37 17.71 18.37 19.16 19.43
HONG KONG (1) 3.73 13.46 14.64 16.31 18.74 21.79 24.91 27.82 30.31 33.19 35.65 37.30
INDIA 1.55 4.39 5.28 5.11 5.41 5.24 .. .. .. .. .. ..
ISRAEL 1.44 4.79 7.74 10.12 12.27 14.73 17.24 20.04 22.36 24.97 27.66 31.89
JAPAN 889 1512 1553 1560 1620 1730 1856 1974 2065 2112 2154 2223
KOREA 157 1074 1153 1311 1610 2127 2623 3383 4075 4531 5141 5710
NEW ZEALAND 2.65 8.98 10.47 11.42 12.48 13.14 13.98 14.46 14.70 14.79 15.06 15.41
PAKISTAN 2.07 5.16 6.02 6.54 6.63 7.56 .. .. .. .. .. ..
SINGAPORE 2.00 5.43 4.86 4.87 5.37 6.15 6.85 7.51 8.07 8.49 9.61 10.32
SRI LANKA 1.97 7.58 8.13 8.82 9.81 11.11 14.05 16.58 17.51 20.20 22.32 ..
TAIWAN 15.17 59.60 65.37 71.93 80.29 92.91 105.68 116.66 128.02 137.00 145.44 154.26
AUSTRIA (1) 78.46 156.75 163.69 172.96 179.45 187.49 201.07 211.44 222.93 234.70 245.38 255.87
BELGIUM 235.10 532.39 554.91 569.91 581.89 611.16 642.30 678.30 714.70 747.53 777.32 792.10
DENMARK 36.00 86.18 89.65 100.07 102.40 106.11 111.18 116.97 120.84 123.96 129.64 135.47
FINLAND (1) 16.88 50.56 54.33 59.17 65.81 72.39 80.56 86.11 89.40 94.82 100.42 108.43
FRANCE 19.34 67.49 71.23 73.91 77.17 80.02 82.97 86.17 89.41 91.98 94.48 96.42
GERMANY (1) 15.59 28.23 29.15 30.61 32.13 33.39 35.50 37.68 39.67 41.96 43.63 45.65
GREECE 55 506 570 625 741 892 1064 1243 1422 1610 1821 2073
IRELAND 1.36 5.55 5.98 6.25 6.56 6.81 7.10 7.48 7.85 8.27 8.43 8.62
ITALY 3048 14563 15616 16890 18201 19770 21258 23081 24146 25175 25943 26852
LUXEMBOURG 233 458 476 487 507 534 547 576 606 640 671 ..
NETHERLANDS 16.59 29.04 29.91 30.68 31.31 31.92 33.32 34.25 35.78 37.25 38.06 38.79
NORWAY 35.29 89.11 97.99 113.18 120.37 126.43 134.26 140.43 143.13 143.47 147.92 154.46
PORTUGAL 40.26 263.37 311.04 356.13 400.97 467.42 538.11 614.62 697.80 724.15 763.09 802.11
SPAIN 145 792 874 942 997 1059 1156 1269 1369 1466 1525 1582
SWEDEN 29.73 83.12 88.58 95.99 103.24 113.11 123.98 134.04 143.26 137.99 145.55 152.50
SWITZERLAND 15.72 23.71 24.74 25.48 26.37 27.38 29.00 31.14 32.66 33.45 34.04 34.58
UNITED KINGDOM 1.52 4.84 5.22 5.54 5.95 6.45 7.13 7.79 8.17 8.31 8.40 8.72
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: AVERAGE OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURES & ALL PRINTING
& PUBLISHING & MISCELLANOUS MANUFACTURING.
FINLAND: INCLUDING MINING & ELECTRICAL POWER PLANTS.
BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY. EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 4
FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING (US SIC 20 & 21 & ISIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 89 85 86 89 97 103 106 109 101 98 92
MEXICO .. .. 11 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
AUSTRALIA 95 81 65 69 73 85 89 93 94 88 84 90
ISRAEL 34 30 25 32 39 47 45 49 48 46 44 46
JAPAN 42 42 41 60 67 76 74 75 81 86 100 108
KOREA 6 10 11 11 13 18 23 27 32 34 35 36
SINGAPORE 14 22 22 20 20 23 27 30 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 13 13 16 19 23 28 31 33 37 36 38
AUSTRIA 77 64 64 90 112 116 110 133 130 139 134 140
BELGIUM 101 69 69 94 112 114 109 130 129 139 131 138
DENMARK 116 73 72 96 124 127 117 141 137 143 135 ..
FINLAND (1) 71 60 62 79 96 109 115 138 133 118 95 110
FRANCE 74 62 62 84 97 100 95 111 107 114 107 110
GERMANY (1) 95 70 69 94 116 121 114 137 135 146 142 147
GREECE 26 31 29 31 35 38 39 46 45 48 44 46
IRELAND 57 52 53 70 78 82 77 91 90 95 83 85
ITALY 84 65 66 88 106 112 113 135 134 136 110 110
NETHERLANDS 110 75 75 104 125 128 118 139 135 143 138 ..
NORWAY .. 77 78 99 124 132 128 147 143 147 126 127
PORTUGAL 25 11 12 16 18 20 21 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 66 80 83 87 72 69
SWEDEN 118 74 77 97 114 125 126 147 148 160 112 117
SWITZERLAND 93 78 76 106 129 133 121 147 146 150 143 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 53 50 50 60 69 78 77 90 94 94 80 79r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 5
FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING (US SIC 20 & 21 & ISIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.84 11.72 11.97 12.22 12.55 12.85 13.15 13.58 14.14 14.76 15.12 15.48
CANADA .. 10.47 10.22 10.49 11.21 12.50 13.59 14.42 15.40 14.89 14.79 14.18
MEXICO .. .. 1.32 .93 .91 1.06 1.22 1.35 1.61 1.83 2.04 2.21
AUSTRALIA 5.52 9.50 7.80 8.41 9.19 10.92 11.72 12.57 13.29 13.03 12.64 13.89
ISRAEL 2.01 3.46 3.00 3.89 4.90 6.02 5.94 6.64 6.80 6.83 6.64 7.17
JAPAN 2.46 4.98 4.95 7.33 8.47 9.79 9.79 10.18 11.48 12.71 15.05 16.79
KOREA .36 1.21 1.29 1.35 1.68 2.25 3.05 3.71 4.49 4.98 5.27 5.61
SINGAPORE .81 2.56 2.59 2.46 2.57 2.93 3.51 4.10 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .39 1.53 1.61 1.90 2.43 2.95 3.67 4.19 4.71 5.49 5.51 5.93
AUSTRIA 4.52 7.46 7.71 11.02 14.08 14.96 14.45 18.08 18.43 20.51 20.24 21.65
BELGIUM 5.89 8.04 8.28 11.48 14.10 14.65 14.30 17.65 18.22 20.51 19.88 21.29
DENMARK 6.77 8.57 8.64 11.72 15.52 16.30 15.42 19.13 19.34 21.18 20.46 ..
FINLAND (1) 4.16 7.01 7.39 9.62 12.10 14.01 15.06 18.80 18.78 17.35 14.37 16.99
FRANCE 4.34 7.23 7.44 10.23 12.23 12.90 12.45 15.06 15.14 16.82 16.21 17.00
GERMANY (1) 5.52 8.25 8.21 11.52 14.53 15.49 14.96 18.60 19.15 21.58 21.42 22.77
GREECE 1.53 3.58 3.48 3.83 4.34 4.85 5.19 6.22 6.36 7.03 6.60 7.05
IRELAND 3.30 6.07 6.33 8.53 9.82 10.57 10.16 12.31 12.66 14.00 12.58 13.17
ITALY 4.89 7.60 7.87 10.79 13.29 14.35 14.80 18.34 18.89 20.11 16.59 17.00
NETHERLANDS 6.40 8.82 9.03 12.67 15.74 16.39 15.58 18.94 19.05 21.09 20.82 ..
NORWAY .. 9.06 9.35 12.12 15.52 16.98 16.89 19.97 20.24 21.66 18.99 19.66
PORTUGAL 1.47 1.29 1.38 1.90 2.26 2.52 2.78 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.70 10.91 11.77 12.91 10.87 10.72
SWEDEN 6.87 8.68 9.25 11.81 14.34 16.06 16.62 19.93 20.95 23.59 16.95 18.07
SWITZERLAND 5.44 9.12 9.10 12.94 16.15 17.07 15.89 19.92 20.68 22.18 21.66 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.08 5.81 6.01 7.39 8.70 10.07 10.08 12.23 13.34 13.92 12.08 12.18r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 6
FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING (US SIC 20 & 21 & ISIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.84 11.72 11.97 12.22 12.55 12.85 13.15 13.58 14.14 14.76 15.12 15.48
CANADA .. 13.56 13.96 14.58 14.86 15.39 16.09 16.83 17.65 18.00 19.08 19.37
MEXICO .. .. 339 569 1253 2416 3011 3789 4865 5670 6.35 7.47
AUSTRALIA 4.22 10.80 11.15 12.53 13.11 13.92 14.81 16.11 17.06 17.73 18.59 18.99
ISRAEL 1.28 1014.69 3.53 5.79 7.82 9.62 11.39 13.38 15.49 16.80 18.80 21.57
JAPAN 729 1183 1181 1234 1224 1255 1351 1477 1546 1612 1672 1716
KOREA 175 977 1123 1190 1379 1645 2046 2628 3295 3885 4233 4508
SINGAPORE 1.92 5.45 5.70 5.36 5.41 5.90 6.84 7.43 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 14.96 60.51 64.23 72.04 77.31 84.37 96.84 112.67 126.05 138.22 145.52 157.08
AUSTRIA 78.57 149.24 159.54 168.18 178.14 184.95 191.31 204.80 215.47 225.43 235.64 246.99
BELGIUM 216.18 464.13 491.51 512.69 526.61 538.68 563.76 589.90 623.22 659.30 687.56 711.70
DENMARK 38.83 88.65 91.55 94.91 106.28 109.90 112.89 118.40 123.87 127.85 132.73 ..
FINLAND (1) 15.24 42.08 45.81 48.82 53.27 58.76 64.70 72.00 76.08 77.83 82.25 88.94
FRANCE 18.59 63.17 66.79 70.87 73.51 76.88 79.40 82.03 85.51 89.05 91.86 94.31
GERMANY (1) 13.55 23.47 24.15 25.00 26.13 27.22 28.14 30.08 31.80 33.70 35.46 36.93
GREECE 49 403 480 536 588 688 843 986 1159 1339 1514 1711
IRELAND 1.49 5.59 5.94 6.36 6.60 6.93 7.16 7.43 7.84 8.22 8.59 8.80
ITALY 3190 13353 15029 16094 17234 18688 20310 21970 23447 24778 26093 27387
NETHERLANDS 16.14 28.31 29.97 31.03 31.88 32.43 33.05 34.51 35.66 37.10 38.69 ..
NORWAY .. 73.92 80.34 89.64 104.59 110.80 116.76 124.91 131.39 134.63 134.79 138.73
PORTUGAL 37.34 189.90 236.80 285.12 319.11 363.78 438.42 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1030 1112 1224 1322 1386 1436
SWEDEN 28.44 71.75 79.57 84.18 91.02 98.55 107.31 118.05 126.78 137.45 132.16 139.39
SWITZERLAND 14.05 21.42 22.35 23.27 24.10 24.99 26.01 27.68 29.70 31.19 32.02 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.39 4.35 4.63 5.03 5.31 5.66 6.15 6.86 7.55 7.88 8.04 7.95r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 7
TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND LEATHER PRODUCTS (US SIC 22, 23, & 31 & ISIC 32)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 95 89 88 91 97 104 106 111 105 96 90
MEXICO .. .. 17 11 10 12 14 14 16 18 19 19
AUSTRALIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
JAPAN 51 55 53 74 84 93 89 87 97 102 113 120
KOREA 7 12 12 13 15 20 26 30 36 39 41 43
SINGAPORE (1) 15 24 22 22 21 25 27 30 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 8 17 17 20 25 29 34 36 38 41 41 41
AUSTRIA 79 68 67 93 113 116 109 132 130 139 134 139
BELGIUM 127 88 88 118 139 140 131 155 156 166 159 164
DENMARK 135 89 88 117 148 149 139 167 163 169 159 ..
FINLAND (1) 88 79 80 104 125 137 139 164 163 146 119 128
FRANCE 90 76 75 101 118 120 112 130 126 133 126 128
GERMANY (1) 119 92 89 123 150 155 145 172 171 183 177 182
IRELAND 57 54 54 70 78 83 78 90 90 96 85 86
ITALY 95 81 81 108 128 133 130 155 155 156 124 122
NETHERLANDS (1) 138 92 89 121 146 149 137 161 154 164 161 ..
PORTUGAL 32 15 16 21 25 26 26 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 74 90 92 96 80 75
SWEDEN 153 105 106 134 156 169 170 193 197 210 149 152
SWITZERLAND 114 97 94 131 157 162 144 174 174 177 169 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 70 57 57 68 78 88 86 98 101 102 87 87r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: EXCLUDING LEATHER PRODUCTS EXCEPT FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: EXCLUDING LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 8
TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND LEATHER PRODUCTS (US SIC 22, 23, & 31 & ISIC 32)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.94 7.52 7.80 7.99 8.27 8.54 8.87 9.23 9.56 10.07 10.26 10.60
CANADA .. 7.17 6.92 7.05 7.49 8.30 9.23 9.77 10.58 10.56 9.81 9.59
MEXICO .. .. 1.32 .88 .86 1.02 1.20 1.32 1.52 1.81 1.96 1.98
AUSTRALIA (1) 4.81 8.03 6.81 7.36 7.96 9.72 10.48 11.09 11.65 11.28 10.73 12.16
JAPAN 2.00 4.10 4.12 5.91 6.95 7.96 7.86 8.07 9.27 10.27 11.62 12.76
KOREA .27 .93 .93 1.01 1.25 1.71 2.35 2.76 3.40 3.88 4.18 4.61
SINGAPORE (1) .60 1.81 1.73 1.78 1.76 2.12 2.39 2.79 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .32 1.31 1.34 1.56 2.06 2.49 3.05 3.28 3.59 4.10 4.16 4.32
AUSTRIA 3.13 5.10 5.20 7.43 9.35 9.92 9.63 12.20 12.39 13.96 13.76 14.73
BELGIUM 4.99 6.59 6.84 9.40 11.52 11.95 11.63 14.35 14.88 16.69 16.27 17.37
DENMARK 5.32 6.70 6.83 9.36 12.28 12.75 12.33 15.37 15.62 17.03 16.32 ..
FINLAND (1) 3.45 5.93 6.27 8.27 10.36 11.69 12.29 15.16 15.63 14.67 12.26 13.61
FRANCE 3.55 5.68 5.88 8.08 9.72 10.21 9.92 11.98 12.09 13.37 12.91 13.54
GERMANY (1) 4.68 6.92 6.95 9.83 12.40 13.25 12.85 15.84 16.34 18.40 18.12 19.30
IRELAND 2.23 4.05 4.22 5.62 6.49 7.12 6.94 8.30 8.57 9.62 8.69 9.15
ITALY 3.74 6.09 6.30 8.65 10.60 11.35 11.53 14.32 14.81 15.72 12.77 12.90
NETHERLANDS (1) 5.42 6.89 6.95 9.69 12.09 12.72 12.17 14.86 14.75 16.56 16.49 ..
PORTUGAL 1.28 1.13 1.21 1.67 2.04 2.19 2.31 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.60 8.34 8.84 9.68 8.20 7.97
SWEDEN 6.03 7.90 8.25 10.70 12.89 14.45 15.04 17.86 18.88 21.12 15.24 16.12
SWITZERLAND 4.50 7.32 7.33 10.46 12.98 13.83 12.81 16.08 16.63 17.80 17.32 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 2.75 4.27 4.46 5.41 6.46 7.54 7.63 9.06 9.70 10.26 8.91 9.23r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: EXCLUDING LEATHER PRODUCTS EXCEPT FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: EXCLUDING LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 9
TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND LEATHER PRODUCTS (US SIC 22, 23, & 31 & ISIC 32)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.94 7.52 7.80 7.99 8.27 8.54 8.87 9.23 9.56 10.07 10.26 10.60
CANADA .. 9.29 9.45 9.79 9.93 10.22 10.93 11.40 12.12 12.77 12.65 13.10
MEXICO .. .. 339 540 1191 2318 2962 3724 4573 5606 6.11 6.70
AUSTRALIA (1) 3.68 9.13 9.72 10.96 11.35 12.40 13.24 14.20 14.96 15.34 15.79 16.62
JAPAN 593 973 982 996 1005 1021 1085 1170 1247 1303 1291 1304
KOREA 131 748 813 887 1031 1250 1581 1952 2494 3026 3355 3705
SINGAPORE (1) 1.42 3.86 3.80 3.88 3.70 4.26 4.66 5.05 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 11.98 52.00 53.51 58.85 65.53 71.08 80.42 88.25 96.06 103.15 109.90 114.48
AUSTRIA 54.42 102.09 107.64 113.32 118.29 122.63 127.53 138.24 144.89 153.37 160.18 168.10
BELGIUM 182.91 380.71 405.96 419.80 430.26 439.60 458.53 479.65 508.82 536.63 562.62 580.84
DENMARK 30.53 69.38 72.35 75.77 84.08 85.92 90.26 95.14 100.04 102.80 105.84 ..
FINLAND (1) 12.65 35.56 38.88 41.95 45.64 49.00 52.80 58.05 63.33 65.84 70.20 71.26
FRANCE 15.19 49.65 52.81 55.99 58.43 60.86 63.28 65.24 68.26 70.81 73.16 75.07
GERMANY (1) 11.49 19.68 20.45 21.32 22.29 23.29 24.17 25.62 27.14 28.73 29.98 31.30
IRELAND 1.00 3.73 3.96 4.19 4.36 4.66 4.90 5.01 5.31 5.65 5.93 6.11
ITALY 2442 10699 12024 12903 13754 14781 15821 17159 18378 19366 20086 20786
NETHERLANDS (1) 13.68 22.11 23.06 23.72 24.50 25.16 25.82 27.07 27.62 29.14 30.63 ..
PORTUGAL 32.68 167.01 207.42 250.10 288.50 316.43 363.97 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 782 851 919 991 1046 1067
SWEDEN 24.98 65.37 71.00 76.23 81.82 88.66 97.07 105.78 114.25 123.07 118.78 124.37
SWITZERLAND 11.62 17.20 17.99 18.81 19.37 20.25 20.96 22.35 23.87 25.02 25.60 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.24 3.20 3.44 3.69 3.94 4.23 4.66 5.08 5.49 5.81 5.94 6.03r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: EXCLUDING LEATHER PRODUCTS EXCEPT FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: EXCLUDING LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 10
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 22)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 104 97 96 99 106 114 115 119 114 104 97
MEXICO .. .. 19 13 12 14 16 16 18 20 23 23
HONG KONG 19 19 20 21 24 26 28 29 32 32 35 37
ISRAEL 49 40 33 43 55 64 58 63 61 61 57 59
JAPAN 52 57 56 78 91 101 96 92 101 106 120 128
KOREA 7 12 12 12 15 19 26 30 36 38 40 44
SINGAPORE 15 26 24 22 23 26 28 32 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 8 17 17 19 24 28 33 34 37 40 39 38
AUSTRIA 78 69 68 95 117 119 109 132 130 136 131 137
BELGIUM 129 84 85 113 133 134 125 148 148 155 149 155
DENMARK 129 86 84 112 142 143 133 158 154 158 149 ..
FINLAND (1) 89 75 76 97 119 132 132 156 153 136 111 120
FRANCE 90 72 71 95 109 111 103 119 116 120 114 116
GERMANY (1) 118 89 86 119 145 150 140 164 164 172 167 173
GREECE 37 44 43 46 51 58 57 66 64 65 60 61
IRELAND 61 56 58 76 84 89 83 95 94 98 87 88
ITALY 97 79 79 105 124 127 124 147 147 146 117 115
NETHERLANDS 147 94 93 125 149 152 139 161 155 163 157 ..
NORWAY .. 100 98 121 149 161 157 177 172 174 151 150
PORTUGAL 33 14 15 20 23 24 25 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 73 89 90 93 77 72
SWEDEN 153 99 100 126 147 161 159 180 183 194 137 139
SWITZERLAND 118 99 95 132 159 163 146 174 175 176 170 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 67 55 56 66 77 87 83 95 99 99 84 85r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 11
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 22)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.13 8.24 8.54 8.79 9.11 9.44 9.86 10.34 10.73 11.46 11.63 11.97
CANADA .. 8.54 8.27 8.41 8.98 9.97 11.23 11.88 12.80 13.02 12.06 11.58
MEXICO .. .. 1.60 1.12 1.13 1.36 1.56 1.68 1.94 2.31 2.62 2.78
HONG KONG .77 1.57 1.71 1.84 2.16 2.46 2.76 3.03 3.41 3.69 4.08 4.39
ISRAEL 2.03 3.32 2.78 3.79 4.99 6.00 5.71 6.47 6.52 6.95 6.61 7.05
JAPAN 2.16 4.72 4.74 6.83 8.25 9.51 9.42 9.48 10.82 12.18 13.98 15.28
KOREA .29 .98 1.00 1.07 1.35 1.84 2.55 3.06 3.87 4.37 4.69 5.22
SINGAPORE .63 2.12 2.06 1.94 2.11 2.41 2.75 3.34 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .32 1.38 1.41 1.66 2.20 2.68 3.27 3.54 3.94 4.54 4.49 4.54
AUSTRIA 3.23 5.68 5.83 8.35 10.65 11.20 10.78 13.67 13.92 15.59 15.26 16.34
BELGIUM 5.31 6.93 7.24 9.94 12.14 12.62 12.34 15.28 15.91 17.78 17.29 18.59
DENMARK 5.34 7.09 7.21 9.87 12.95 13.50 13.10 16.38 16.57 18.12 17.33 ..
FINLAND (1) 3.68 6.18 6.49 8.55 10.82 12.46 13.06 16.15 16.43 15.56 12.94 14.35
FRANCE 3.72 5.93 6.07 8.34 9.96 10.48 10.15 12.29 12.40 13.73 13.28 13.93
GERMANY (1) 4.87 7.33 7.38 10.45 13.24 14.17 13.76 16.99 17.55 19.76 19.46 20.70
GREECE 1.54 3.63 3.67 4.06 4.69 5.43 5.59 6.79 6.86 7.41 7.03 7.32
IRELAND 2.50 4.63 4.92 6.64 7.64 8.38 8.17 9.80 10.09 11.28 10.10 10.57
ITALY 3.99 6.49 6.74 9.21 11.28 12.02 12.23 15.23 15.75 16.73 13.57 13.76
NETHERLANDS 6.09 7.78 7.90 10.99 13.56 14.31 13.70 16.67 16.68 18.63 18.23 ..
NORWAY .. 8.20 8.41 10.67 13.57 15.16 15.47 18.27 18.50 19.90 17.55 17.95
PORTUGAL 1.37 1.17 1.24 1.74 2.14 2.29 2.42 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.23 9.17 9.70 10.63 8.99 8.63
SWEDEN 6.30 8.13 8.56 11.07 13.42 15.18 15.69 18.59 19.63 22.19 15.93 16.69
SWITZERLAND 4.87 8.16 8.12 11.60 14.47 15.39 14.38 18.04 18.82 20.18 19.78 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 2.76 4.56 4.80 5.83 7.04 8.18 8.18 9.85 10.65 11.39 9.81 10.12r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 12
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 22)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.13 8.24 8.54 8.79 9.11 9.44 9.86 10.34 10.73 11.46 11.63 11.97
CANADA .. 11.06 11.30 11.69 11.90 12.28 13.29 13.87 14.67 15.74 15.55 15.82
MEXICO .. .. 411 685 1552 3080 3840 4715 5858 7152 8.16 9.37
HONG KONG 3.81 12.27 13.34 14.39 16.85 19.18 21.56 23.57 26.48 28.52 31.57 33.97
ISRAEL 1.30 974.81 3.28 5.64 7.95 9.59 10.94 13.05 14.86 17.09 18.70 21.23
JAPAN 640 1120 1131 1150 1193 1219 1301 1375 1456 1544 1553 1562
KOREA 140 791 868 944 1110 1344 1716 2168 2838 3411 3766 4198
SINGAPORE 1.49 4.52 4.54 4.23 4.44 4.85 5.36 6.06 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 12.27 54.70 56.03 62.68 70.13 76.74 86.31 95.19 105.44 114.22 118.68 120.24
AUSTRIA 56.15 113.60 120.51 127.43 134.76 138.46 142.69 154.83 162.75 171.39 177.64 186.48
BELGIUM 194.64 400.50 429.39 444.01 453.55 464.33 486.36 510.51 544.28 571.70 597.75 621.60
DENMARK 30.63 73.39 76.46 79.90 88.67 91.00 95.90 101.36 106.09 109.40 112.43 ..
FINLAND (1) 13.47 37.11 40.22 43.35 47.66 52.24 56.11 61.85 66.57 69.80 74.08 75.13
FRANCE 15.94 51.78 54.51 57.73 59.85 62.43 64.73 66.95 70.01 72.69 75.27 77.24
GERMANY (1) 11.95 20.85 21.71 22.67 23.81 24.90 25.89 27.48 29.15 30.86 32.21 33.58
GREECE 50 410 507 569 636 771 909 1076 1250 1412 1612 1776
IRELAND 1.12 4.26 4.61 4.95 5.13 5.49 5.76 5.91 6.25 6.62 6.89 7.06
ITALY 2606 11391 12868 13734 14625 15646 16774 18248 19540 20612 21350 22168
NETHERLANDS 15.36 24.96 26.22 26.91 27.48 28.31 29.06 30.38 31.23 32.78 33.87 ..
NORWAY .. 66.93 72.27 78.92 91.47 98.93 106.93 114.27 120.09 123.69 124.58 126.61
PORTUGAL 34.76 173.09 214.20 260.11 301.90 330.14 381.11 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 856 935 1009 1089 1146 1156
SWEDEN 26.08 67.22 73.64 78.89 85.16 93.16 101.32 110.12 118.80 129.29 124.16 128.78
SWITZERLAND 12.56 19.17 19.95 20.86 21.59 22.54 23.55 25.08 27.03 28.38 29.24 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.24 3.41 3.70 3.97 4.30 4.59 4.99 5.52 6.03 6.45 6.53 6.60r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 13
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 23)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 91 86 85 87 93 101 104 107 100 92 87
MEXICO .. .. 15 10 10 10 11 12 11 15 17 16
HONG KONG 20 23 24 25 27 30 33 36 38 39 41 43
ISRAEL 39 31 26 38 49 59 55 57 58 57 55 57
JAPAN 43 47 46 65 74 83 80 79 88 93 102 111
KOREA 6 12 12 12 15 19 25 28 32 35 37 41
SINGAPORE 15 25 23 24 23 27 29 33 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 8 17 16 19 24 28 33 34 36 38 39 41
AUSTRIA 77 64 63 87 105 107 102 125 123 134 132 136
BELGIUM 118 87 87 116 140 140 132 156 156 169 163 166
DENMARK 136 91 90 121 153 152 143 171 169 176 166 ..
FINLAND (1) 85 79 81 105 128 142 143 171 173 154 125 135
FRANCE 86 76 76 103 122 124 116 135 133 141 133 135
GERMANY (1) 119 91 88 121 149 154 144 170 170 184 178 181
GREECE (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
IRELAND 49 48 48 63 72 76 71 82 83 89 79 81
ITALY 92 81 79 107 128 132 130 155 156 159 126 124
NETHERLANDS 121 82 79 108 132 134 124 146 139 152 152 ..
NORWAY .. 110 109 135 169 182 181 213 202 201 171 167
PORTUGAL 30 15 16 21 24 26 26 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 72 88 91 95 78 76
SWEDEN 150 107 107 135 157 169 170 197 200 208 146 152
SWITZERLAND 105 88 86 120 145 150 132 162 160 165 156 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 58 55 55 66 76 86 84 95 99 99 85 85r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: INCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 14
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 23)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.80 7.03 7.29 7.44 7.64 7.88 8.14 8.43 8.69 9.04 9.22 9.53
CANADA .. 6.39 6.28 6.35 6.68 7.35 8.21 8.73 9.26 9.06 8.51 8.25
MEXICO .. .. 1.08 .76 .73 .79 .92 1.03 .93 1.40 1.54 1.55
HONG KONG .75 1.60 1.76 1.86 2.08 2.35 2.69 3.04 3.33 3.57 3.76 4.07
ISRAEL 1.47 2.15 1.90 2.83 3.73 4.68 4.48 4.81 5.01 5.16 5.10 5.46
JAPAN 1.62 3.27 3.37 4.87 5.64 6.53 6.50 6.67 7.62 8.44 9.42 10.55
KOREA .22 .83 .84 .90 1.12 1.53 2.06 2.35 2.77 3.19 3.45 3.86
SINGAPORE .58 1.76 1.68 1.77 1.72 2.09 2.36 2.74 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .30 1.20 1.19 1.42 1.81 2.17 2.68 2.87 3.09 3.47 3.59 3.86
AUSTRIA 2.92 4.52 4.58 6.46 8.02 8.47 8.31 10.54 10.73 12.09 12.19 12.98
BELGIUM 4.47 6.13 6.31 8.66 10.66 11.05 10.71 13.14 13.56 15.31 14.99 15.82
DENMARK 5.16 6.42 6.54 8.99 11.68 12.01 11.62 14.40 14.68 15.95 15.32 ..
FINLAND (1) 3.23 5.57 5.88 7.82 9.79 11.22 11.66 14.42 15.00 13.93 11.55 12.85
FRANCE 3.28 5.31 5.52 7.68 9.29 9.74 9.48 11.41 11.55 12.75 12.28 12.87
GERMANY (1) 4.53 6.39 6.39 9.03 11.36 12.10 11.69 14.35 14.81 16.59 16.42 17.29
GREECE (1) 1.29 2.97 2.90 3.24 3.72 4.20 4.46 5.58 5.61 6.14 5.81 6.15
IRELAND 1.88 3.40 3.53 4.68 5.52 6.00 5.77 6.95 7.18 8.04 7.25 7.71
ITALY 3.48 5.66 5.79 7.95 9.75 10.39 10.55 13.09 13.52 14.37 11.65 11.82
NETHERLANDS 4.60 5.79 5.74 8.00 10.10 10.52 10.07 12.33 12.11 13.72 14.04 ..
NORWAY .. 7.70 7.96 10.06 12.94 14.32 14.74 17.94 17.59 18.14 15.76 15.89
PORTUGAL 1.13 1.04 1.13 1.53 1.87 2.04 2.13 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.84 7.38 7.87 8.58 7.23 7.20
SWEDEN 5.71 7.49 7.79 10.01 12.03 13.35 13.87 16.59 17.42 18.79 13.44 14.47
SWITZERLAND 4.00 6.22 6.29 8.96 11.06 11.81 10.75 13.66 13.92 14.93 14.42 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 2.21 3.89 4.04 4.89 5.80 6.76 6.85 8.05 8.58 8.98 7.80 8.13r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: INCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 15
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 23)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.80 7.03 7.29 7.44 7.64 7.88 8.14 8.43 8.69 9.04 9.22 9.53
CANADA .. 8.28 8.57 8.83 8.86 9.04 9.73 10.18 10.62 10.96 10.98 11.28
MEXICO .. .. 277 465 1006 1801 2256 2897 2797 4334 4.80 5.23
HONG KONG 3.72 12.52 13.68 14.52 16.18 18.33 21.01 23.66 25.84 27.62 29.10 31.43
ISRAEL .94 630.99 2.24 4.22 5.96 7.48 8.59 9.69 11.43 12.70 14.42 16.43
JAPAN 480 777 803 820 815 837 898 967 1025 1071 1047 1079
KOREA 105 670 730 791 918 1116 1385 1664 2034 2493 2769 3099
SINGAPORE 1.38 3.76 3.71 3.85 3.63 4.21 4.60 4.96 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 11.31 47.42 47.57 53.76 57.60 62.16 70.79 77.13 82.71 87.20 94.83 102.11
AUSTRIA 50.73 90.46 94.67 98.60 101.49 104.66 110.04 119.45 125.45 132.87 141.84 148.12
BELGIUM 164.15 354.04 374.39 386.85 398.07 406.46 421.99 439.23 463.81 492.30 518.22 528.85
DENMARK 29.61 66.49 69.28 72.76 80.01 80.97 85.04 89.15 94.04 96.28 99.35 ..
FINLAND (1) 11.82 33.41 36.46 39.68 43.12 47.05 50.10 55.22 60.78 62.52 66.13 67.27
FRANCE 14.04 46.35 49.57 53.20 55.88 58.02 60.51 62.14 65.20 67.47 69.59 71.37
GERMANY (1) 11.11 18.18 18.80 19.61 20.42 21.25 21.99 23.20 24.60 25.92 27.17 28.04
GREECE (1) 42 334 400 453 504 596 724 885 1022 1170 1333 1491
IRELAND .84 3.13 3.31 3.49 3.71 3.93 4.07 4.19 4.45 4.72 4.95 5.15
ITALY 2270 9932 11061 11846 12643 13524 14474 15678 16774 17700 18332 19040
NETHERLANDS 11.61 18.58 19.05 19.57 20.47 20.81 21.37 22.46 22.67 24.13 26.08 ..
NORWAY .. 62.86 68.41 74.42 87.22 93.41 101.92 112.19 114.19 112.73 111.85 112.08
PORTUGAL 28.88 153.99 194.03 229.35 264.66 294.63 335.35 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 691 752 819 879 921 964
SWEDEN 23.64 61.92 67.03 71.36 76.37 81.92 89.54 98.28 105.45 109.46 104.80 111.66
SWITZERLAND 10.31 14.63 15.43 16.10 16.50 17.29 17.60 18.99 19.99 20.99 21.31 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.00 2.91 3.11 3.33 3.53 3.79 4.18 4.51 4.85 5.08 5.20 5.31r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: INCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 16
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 96 88 90 95 102 107 107 107 95 90 85
ISRAEL 46 41 36 51 61 71 64 71 68 69 64 66
JAPAN 61 59 61 88 96 106 101 112 123 122 144 148
KOREA 8 13 12 13 15 20 27 30 34 36 39 41
SINGAPORE (1) 16 23 23 20 21 25 28 29 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 18 18 18 24 29 34 35 35 37 38 40
AUSTRIA 85 66 66 94 115 120 112 134 127 134 127 126
BELGIUM 136 90 93 128 154 153 141 165 160 171 162 166
DENMARK 131 93 91 121 157 154 138 166 164 170 157 ..
FINLAND (1) 89 78 79 103 127 141 140 163 157 140 111 112
FRANCE 92 78 80 107 126 128 118 136 131 138 130 130
GERMANY (1) 115 92 90 124 152 155 142 168 163 175 165 166
GREECE (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
IRELAND 67 65 63 80 85 88 83 97 96 98 87 84
ITALY 87 78 79 108 130 135 131 154 152 154 122 116
NORWAY .. 100 101 125 156 169 163 185 177 180 156 154
PORTUGAL 25 14 15 20 24 25 25 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 78 93 93 98 82 75
SWEDEN 162 109 111 140 164 177 176 194 196 205 144 148
SWITZERLAND 119 106 103 145 175 178 160 185 182 184 172 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 76 64 67 80 92 105 103 118 119 121 105 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: EXCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 17
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.91 7.46 7.64 7.74 7.96 8.26 8.66 9.10 9.53 9.97 10.27 10.77
CANADA .. 7.18 6.76 7.00 7.54 8.45 9.23 9.72 10.22 9.46 9.27 9.20
ISRAEL 1.78 3.03 2.74 3.97 4.85 5.86 5.52 6.46 6.52 6.83 6.55 7.09
JAPAN 2.38 4.39 4.69 6.80 7.66 8.78 8.77 10.20 11.70 12.18 14.76 15.98
KOREA .30 .94 .95 1.03 1.22 1.68 2.34 2.72 3.22 3.59 4.05 4.38
SINGAPORE (1) .64 1.73 1.77 1.57 1.67 2.08 2.42 2.67 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .27 1.35 1.40 1.42 1.92 2.38 2.92 3.16 3.31 3.64 3.95 4.31
AUSTRIA 3.31 4.94 5.03 7.25 9.16 9.89 9.70 12.19 12.12 13.38 13.00 13.62
BELGIUM 5.31 6.75 7.14 9.90 12.22 12.63 12.17 15.03 15.28 17.08 16.63 17.91
DENMARK 5.12 6.94 6.97 9.34 12.48 12.69 11.97 15.10 15.59 16.91 16.17 ..
FINLAND (1) 3.48 5.79 6.05 7.94 10.13 11.65 12.15 14.85 15.00 13.95 11.43 12.09
FRANCE 3.59 5.85 6.14 8.29 10.01 10.55 10.24 12.36 12.45 13.79 13.32 13.96
GERMANY (1) 4.50 6.85 6.88 9.63 12.07 12.78 12.31 15.25 15.55 17.46 16.96 17.92
GREECE (1) 1.61 3.42 3.55 3.89 4.42 4.95 5.10 6.20 6.48 7.30 6.78 7.46
IRELAND 2.62 4.84 4.85 6.21 6.79 7.29 7.19 8.83 9.13 9.77 8.96 9.10
ITALY 3.40 5.84 6.02 8.35 10.34 11.12 11.34 14.01 14.52 15.36 12.54 12.51
NORWAY .. 7.43 7.69 9.68 12.42 13.94 14.09 16.85 16.88 17.99 15.97 16.61
PORTUGAL .98 1.07 1.14 1.58 1.88 2.04 2.17 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.78 8.47 8.90 9.79 8.43 8.08
SWEDEN 6.33 8.12 8.47 10.82 13.09 14.65 15.25 17.63 18.72 20.45 14.80 15.89
SWITZERLAND 4.65 7.89 7.87 11.25 13.93 14.73 13.83 16.82 17.39 18.37 17.63 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 2.97 4.81 5.15 6.20 7.36 8.69 8.91 10.71 11.34 12.06 10.81 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: EXCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 18
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.91 7.46 7.64 7.74 7.96 8.26 8.66 9.10 9.53 9.97 10.27 10.77
CANADA .. 9.30 9.23 9.73 10.00 10.41 10.93 11.34 11.71 11.44 11.96 12.57
ISRAEL 1.14 889.77 3.23 5.91 7.74 9.38 10.57 13.02 14.86 16.80 18.53 21.35
JAPAN 705 1041 1118 1146 1108 1126 1211 1479 1575 1544 1640 1633
KOREA 146 758 826 907 1002 1227 1573 1923 2359 2806 3255 3519
SINGAPORE (1) 1.52 3.70 3.89 3.42 3.52 4.19 4.72 4.83 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 10.20 53.61 55.86 53.70 61.09 67.92 77.23 84.94 88.46 91.67 104.37 114.12
AUSTRIA 57.55 98.90 104.08 110.70 115.93 122.22 128.41 138.08 141.63 147.10 151.29 155.40
BELGIUM 194.84 389.78 423.85 442.23 456.44 464.66 479.76 502.42 522.61 549.07 575.00 598.73
DENMARK 29.37 71.82 73.87 75.61 85.47 85.53 87.66 93.44 99.82 102.10 104.88 ..
FINLAND (1) 12.74 34.74 37.51 40.26 44.59 48.83 52.21 56.88 60.80 62.58 65.44 63.29
FRANCE 15.39 51.07 55.17 57.42 60.18 62.85 65.33 67.30 70.29 72.99 75.46 77.40
GERMANY (1) 11.04 19.50 20.25 20.90 21.69 22.46 23.15 24.66 25.82 27.27 28.06 29.07
GREECE (1) 52 386 490 544 599 702 828 982 1182 1392 1555 1809
IRELAND 1.18 4.46 4.55 4.63 4.56 4.77 5.07 5.33 5.66 5.73 6.12 6.08
ITALY 2215 10248 11495 12444 13410 14476 15564 16785 18014 18923 19727 20155
NORWAY .. 60.67 66.06 71.61 83.75 90.92 97.41 105.38 109.56 111.80 113.33 117.20
PORTUGAL 25.06 157.60 195.82 236.69 265.81 294.14 342.02 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 803 864 926 1003 1075 1081
SWEDEN 26.21 67.14 72.89 77.08 83.11 89.92 98.48 104.44 113.30 119.13 115.38 122.62
SWITZERLAND 12.01 18.55 19.31 20.23 20.79 21.57 22.64 23.39 24.97 25.82 26.06 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.34 3.60 3.97 4.22 4.49 4.88 5.44 6.00 6.42 6.83 7.20 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: EXCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 19
LEATHER FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURING (US SIC 314)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
MEXICO .. .. 15 9 8 10 13 15 18 22 23 21
HONG KONG 24 26 27 30 31 34 35 37 38 36 .. ..
KOREA 9 13 12 14 16 21 28 30 34 37 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 18 23 23 19 19 23 26 27 .. .. .. ..
BELGIUM 147 98 101 138 164 161 146 170 167 178 170 169
DENMARK 134 99 95 128 167 163 145 174 174 183 170 ..
FRANCE 98 82 84 113 132 133 123 140 137 145 138 135
GERMANY (1) 121 96 94 132 160 162 148 174 171 185 176 174
ITALY 87 79 79 110 132 137 132 156 156 160 127 119
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 76 90 90 95 79 70
UNITED KINGDOM 81 68 70 86 96 110 107 125 128 131 115 111
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 20
LEATHER FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURING (US SIC 314)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.75 7.13 7.30 7.34 7.54 7.87 8.31 8.75 9.04 9.39 9.59 10.26
MEXICO .. .. 1.12 .64 .61 .79 1.04 1.34 1.60 2.10 2.16 2.18
HONG KONG .89 1.82 2.00 2.18 2.33 2.67 2.87 3.20 3.39 3.38 .. ..
KOREA .32 .93 .91 1.00 1.18 1.65 2.31 2.62 3.05 3.47 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) .66 1.67 1.66 1.41 1.41 1.83 2.16 2.33 .. .. .. ..
BELGIUM 5.51 6.99 7.39 10.11 12.35 12.70 12.13 14.87 15.09 16.74 16.28 17.30
DENMARK 5.02 7.03 6.97 9.36 12.57 12.83 12.03 15.25 15.75 17.22 16.33 ..
FRANCE 3.67 5.88 6.15 8.28 9.97 10.49 10.18 12.21 12.37 13.62 13.23 13.87
GERMANY (1) 4.52 6.87 6.89 9.67 12.06 12.76 12.30 15.20 15.44 17.41 16.90 17.84
ITALY 3.26 5.62 5.78 8.04 9.98 10.76 10.95 13.61 14.07 14.99 12.22 12.22
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.28 7.85 8.13 8.90 7.61 7.21
UNITED KINGDOM 3.04 4.88 5.12 6.29 7.27 8.66 8.92 10.91 11.54 12.30 11.04 11.36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 21
LEATHER FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURING (US SIC 314)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.75 7.13 7.30 7.34 7.54 7.87 8.31 8.75 9.04 9.39 9.59 10.26
MEXICO .. .. 288 390 838 1804 2564 3768 4830 6494 6.72 7.36
HONG KONG 4.40 14.24 15.60 17.04 18.19 20.85 22.41 24.94 26.37 26.16 .. ..
KOREA 156 746 795 881 969 1206 1550 1857 2240 2705 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 1.58 3.56 3.64 3.07 2.98 3.69 4.20 4.22 .. .. .. ..
BELGIUM 202.01 403.76 438.35 451.71 461.32 467.02 478.13 497.01 516.03 538.15 562.98 578.34
DENMARK 28.79 72.77 73.89 75.80 86.09 86.49 88.05 94.37 100.88 103.96 105.91 ..
FRANCE 15.72 51.39 55.19 57.32 59.96 62.48 64.96 66.51 69.87 72.10 75.00 76.95
GERMANY (1) 11.09 19.55 20.26 20.98 21.69 22.42 23.14 24.58 25.65 27.19 27.97 28.94
ITALY 2126 9877 11031 11989 12946 14006 15025 16306 17465 18468 19222 19685
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 744 801 845 911 971 965
UNITED KINGDOM 1.37 3.65 3.95 4.29 4.43 4.86 5.44 6.11 6.53 6.96 7.35 7.42
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 22
LUMBER, WOOD PRODUCTS, & FURNITURE (US SIC 24 & 25 & ISIC 33) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 104 99 94 102 110 116 123 125 119 114 109
MEXICO .. .. 11 7 6 7 8 8 10 11 12 12
ISRAEL 42 37 32 42 53 63 60 64 63 65 64 69
JAPAN 46 51 50 72 84 95 92 90 99 106 122 131
KOREA 6 12 12 13 15 21 27 31 37 40 .. ..
SINGAPORE 15 21 20 18 18 23 25 29 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 13 13 15 19 23 26 28 30 33 33 35
AUSTRIA 79 66 66 90 109 113 107 128 127 139 135 145
BELGIUM 116 80 79 108 128 128 120 145 145 157 148 155
DENMARK 111 72 72 98 124 126 116 141 139 146 135 ..
FINLAND (1) 80 69 70 91 110 124 131 159 156 143 117 126
FRANCE 77 64 63 84 99 102 96 113 110 118 111 115
GERMANY (1) 115 90 86 117 143 148 139 166 168 202 184 182
IRELAND 55 44 44 58 66 72 67 78 79 85 77 79
ITALY 76 66 66 87 104 108 110 130 134 138 110 109
NETHERLANDS 116 76 75 100 121 123 113 133 128 138 137 ..
NORWAY .. 91 90 113 139 147 140 158 154 155 133 138
PORTUGAL 25 11 11 14 17 19 19 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 57 68 73 78 65 62
SWEDEN 136 87 88 111 132 144 147 169 173 188 132 138
SWITZERLAND 119 96 92 128 154 158 142 171 175 181 175 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 65 55 55 65 75 86 82 93 96 97 80 81r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 23
LUMBER, WOOD PRODUCTS, & FURNITURE (US SIC 24 & 25 & ISIC 33) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.97 9.78 10.12 10.37 10.64 10.91 11.26 11.67 11.98 12.38 12.66 12.85
CANADA .. 10.19 9.99 9.78 10.82 11.96 13.03 14.33 14.98 14.74 14.39 14.00
MEXICO .. .. 1.15 .77 .68 .75 .85 .98 1.14 1.33 1.54 1.49
ISRAEL 2.07 3.62 3.23 4.40 5.61 6.82 6.72 7.49 7.53 8.05 8.09 8.87
JAPAN 2.29 4.98 5.06 7.45 8.90 10.41 10.31 10.48 11.92 13.15 15.47 16.81
KOREA .31 1.16 1.19 1.30 1.55 2.29 3.06 3.66 4.48 5.00 .. ..
SINGAPORE .77 2.08 2.06 1.83 1.96 2.46 2.87 3.39 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .34 1.29 1.34 1.53 2.05 2.54 2.95 3.24 3.55 4.03 4.21 4.47
AUSTRIA 3.93 6.45 6.63 9.30 11.64 12.37 12.02 14.94 15.23 17.23 17.13 18.62
BELGIUM 5.79 7.85 8.00 11.19 13.61 13.97 13.52 16.87 17.36 19.39 18.71 19.93
DENMARK 5.50 7.06 7.32 10.15 13.17 13.74 13.03 16.41 16.66 18.10 17.07 ..
FINLAND (1) 3.98 6.75 7.04 9.39 11.72 13.50 14.72 18.59 18.69 17.68 14.77 16.25
FRANCE 3.81 6.23 6.42 8.73 10.55 11.14 10.84 13.15 13.21 14.66 14.09 14.77
GERMANY (1) 5.71 8.79 8.70 12.18 15.22 16.15 15.66 19.42 20.16 24.97 23.27 23.44
IRELAND 2.71 4.29 4.45 6.02 7.04 7.85 7.53 9.09 9.44 10.49 9.75 10.15
ITALY 3.79 6.43 6.66 9.03 11.10 11.73 12.40 15.21 16.06 17.03 13.92 14.03
NETHERLANDS 5.78 7.46 7.59 10.42 12.83 13.37 12.71 15.54 15.39 17.10 17.35 ..
NORWAY .. 8.92 9.13 11.69 14.83 16.08 15.82 18.42 18.44 19.15 16.90 17.67
PORTUGAL 1.24 1.05 1.09 1.45 1.78 2.04 2.19 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.38 7.99 8.77 9.62 8.27 7.96
SWEDEN 6.76 8.50 8.92 11.56 14.06 15.71 16.52 19.69 20.77 23.24 16.72 17.67
SWITZERLAND 5.93 9.38 9.29 13.27 16.42 17.27 16.03 20.00 20.96 22.44 22.12 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.22 5.39 5.56 6.77 7.99 9.37 9.20 10.88 11.53 11.95 10.16 10.45r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 24
LUMBER, WOOD PRODUCTS, & FURNITURE (US SIC 24 & 25 & ISIC 33) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.97 9.78 10.12 10.37 10.64 10.91 11.26 11.67 11.98 12.38 12.66 12.85
CANADA .. 13.20 13.65 13.59 14.35 14.72 15.43 16.73 17.17 17.82 18.56 19.13
MEXICO .. .. 297 474 931 1701 2088 2755 3445 4128 4.80 5.03
ISRAEL 1.33 1060.20 3.80 6.54 8.95 10.90 12.87 15.11 17.16 19.79 22.89 26.70
JAPAN 681 1183 1208 1254 1286 1334 1424 1519 1604 1667 1719 1718
KOREA 150 938 1033 1146 1278 1678 2052 2588 3284 3905 .. ..
SINGAPORE 1.82 4.44 4.54 3.98 4.14 4.95 5.59 6.15 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 13.05 51.02 53.58 57.77 65.42 72.67 78.01 87.34 94.97 101.39 111.18 118.25
AUSTRIA 68.30 129.06 137.06 141.90 147.27 152.90 159.17 169.31 177.98 189.41 199.36 212.40
BELGIUM 212.44 453.44 474.92 499.90 508.30 513.93 532.98 563.64 593.60 623.23 646.82 666.14
DENMARK 31.55 73.08 77.63 82.13 90.22 92.62 95.40 101.58 106.67 109.27 110.70 ..
FINLAND (1) 14.60 40.50 43.63 47.63 51.62 56.60 63.25 71.19 75.73 79.34 84.57 85.04
FRANCE 16.29 54.41 57.65 60.48 63.41 66.38 69.14 71.63 74.62 77.61 79.82 81.90
GERMANY (1) 14.02 25.00 25.58 26.43 27.36 28.37 29.46 31.40 33.48 39.01 38.52 38.01
IRELAND 1.22 3.95 4.17 4.49 4.73 5.15 5.31 5.48 5.85 6.15 6.66 6.78
ITALY 2471 11298 12707 13465 14397 15278 17009 18224 19929 20979 21891 22605
NETHERLANDS 14.59 23.94 25.17 25.50 26.00 26.45 26.97 28.31 28.81 30.08 32.23 ..
NORWAY .. 72.82 78.49 86.49 99.94 104.88 109.36 115.17 119.71 119.02 119.93 124.68
PORTUGAL 31.46 155.50 187.87 217.67 251.71 294.14 345.09 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 756 815 912 985 1055 1065
SWEDEN 28.00 70.34 76.74 82.37 89.26 96.43 106.65 116.63 125.68 135.40 130.33 136.33
SWITZERLAND 15.31 22.04 22.80 23.86 24.50 25.28 26.23 27.80 30.10 31.55 32.70 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.45 4.03 4.28 4.62 4.87 5.26 5.61 6.10 6.52 6.76 6.76 6.82r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 25
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 24)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 107 103 100 108 117 124 131 136 127 121 115
MEXICO .. .. 11 7 6 7 7 8 9 10 12 11
JAPAN 43 47 46 68 81 91 87 87 96 103 121 131
KOREA 6 11 11 12 14 20 27 31 36 40 41 43
SINGAPORE 15 21 20 18 18 22 25 26 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 12 12 13 17 21 23 25 27 30 31 34
BELGIUM 113 76 77 104 125 127 120 144 145 158 150 157
FINLAND (1) 76 66 67 88 109 123 131 160 157 144 118 129
FRANCE 74 61 62 82 98 101 96 113 111 120 113 117
GREECE 30 34 32 35 39 44 44 53 53 60 56 58
PORTUGAL 23 10 11 14 17 19 20 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 130 83 84 108 129 142 145 167 173 187 132 138
SWITZERLAND 107 83 81 114 137 143 130 156 160 165 163 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 26
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 24)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.22 10.38 10.64 10.80 10.98 11.18 11.50 11.90 12.17 12.57 12.78 12.97
CANADA .. 11.10 11.00 10.83 11.82 13.05 14.23 15.63 16.51 15.98 15.50 14.98
MEXICO .. .. 1.19 .77 .67 .75 .85 .96 1.12 1.30 1.49 1.43
JAPAN 2.26 4.87 4.88 7.33 8.84 10.12 9.98 10.32 11.67 12.91 15.41 16.98
KOREA .31 1.14 1.18 1.26 1.56 2.26 3.16 3.73 4.42 4.99 5.19 5.55
SINGAPORE .77 2.21 2.15 1.93 2.01 2.48 2.85 3.14 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .35 1.20 1.27 1.43 1.92 2.30 2.70 2.99 3.25 3.77 4.02 4.42
BELGIUM 5.88 7.91 8.18 11.26 13.69 14.18 13.77 17.14 17.61 19.80 19.22 20.42
FINLAND (1) 3.97 6.90 7.16 9.55 11.93 13.79 15.09 19.07 19.12 18.07 15.14 16.74
FRANCE 3.88 6.34 6.58 8.88 10.74 11.33 11.05 13.42 13.53 15.05 14.47 15.17
GREECE 1.58 3.55 3.37 3.80 4.33 4.89 5.04 6.27 6.49 7.54 7.12 7.55
PORTUGAL 1.21 1.08 1.14 1.50 1.85 2.12 2.28 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 6.81 8.58 8.98 11.67 14.19 15.86 16.71 19.92 21.04 23.49 16.89 17.89
SWITZERLAND 5.57 8.61 8.62 12.31 15.06 15.99 14.95 18.59 19.50 20.68 20.84 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 27
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 24)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.22 10.38 10.64 10.80 10.98 11.18 11.50 11.90 12.17 12.57 12.78 12.97
CANADA .. 14.38 15.03 15.05 15.68 16.06 16.85 18.24 18.92 19.32 20.00 20.47
MEXICO .. .. 305 474 926 1707 2100 2696 3373 4019 4.64 4.83
JAPAN 671 1156 1163 1234 1279 1298 1378 1497 1570 1637 1712 1735
KOREA 149 923 1028 1111 1279 1657 2124 2639 3239 3894 4163 4460
SINGAPORE 1.82 4.72 4.73 4.20 4.24 4.99 5.56 5.69 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 13.39 47.69 50.50 54.28 61.14 65.69 71.24 80.41 87.06 94.86 106.29 116.90
BELGIUM 215.78 456.57 485.14 503.01 511.58 521.55 542.61 572.79 602.29 636.58 664.75 682.54
FINLAND (1) 14.56 41.38 44.40 48.44 52.55 57.82 64.81 73.02 77.46 81.10 86.65 87.63
FRANCE 16.60 55.43 59.13 61.51 64.55 67.54 70.51 73.09 76.39 79.70 82.01 84.14
GREECE 51 400 466 531 586 694 818 993 1183 1437 1632 1833
PORTUGAL 30.69 160.25 196.53 225.05 260.67 306.18 358.64 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 28.20 70.99 77.27 83.20 90.08 97.36 107.85 117.97 127.32 136.84 131.67 138.08
SWITZERLAND 14.36 20.22 21.17 22.14 22.47 23.40 24.48 25.83 28.00 29.07 30.80 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 28
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 92 84 81 85 91 96 101 102 99 93 89
MEXICO .. .. 12 8 7 7 8 9 10 11 13 12
HONG KONG 35 23 23 25 25 29 32 34 37 35 .. ..
JAPAN 50 57 57 77 88 102 98 94 104 110 126 132
KOREA 6 13 13 14 16 22 27 32 39 41 .. ..
SINGAPORE 17 23 22 18 19 24 27 31 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 16 15 17 22 27 30 31 33 35 35 35
BELGIUM 124 88 85 114 133 131 122 147 147 158 147 154
FINLAND (1) 87 72 72 92 110 121 126 153 150 137 109 115
FRANCE 82 69 67 88 103 105 98 115 111 119 112 115
GREECE 32 38 35 36 40 43 45 54 53 56 51 55
PORTUGAL 28 11 10 13 16 17 18 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 142 92 93 114 134 144 144 165 168 184 128 132
SWITZERLAND 131 108 101 138 165 167 149 179 181 188 179 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 29
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.63 8.90 9.34 9.79 10.16 10.56 10.95 11.38 11.75 12.15 12.53 12.76
CANADA .. 8.16 7.85 7.91 8.67 9.57 10.53 11.45 11.93 11.97 11.65 11.40
MEXICO .. .. 1.12 .78 .68 .75 .84 1.00 1.16 1.36 1.58 1.53
HONG KONG 1.60 2.01 2.18 2.49 2.51 3.08 3.49 3.86 4.36 4.21 .. ..
JAPAN 2.33 5.08 5.32 7.57 8.99 10.77 10.71 10.69 12.19 13.40 15.76 16.90
KOREA .30 1.20 1.21 1.36 1.59 2.34 2.99 3.68 4.54 5.01 .. ..
SINGAPORE .77 2.02 2.03 1.81 1.98 2.49 2.92 3.54 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .33 1.41 1.44 1.64 2.22 2.86 3.27 3.54 3.86 4.26 4.35 4.50
BELGIUM 5.75 7.82 7.91 11.16 13.56 13.87 13.40 16.77 17.23 19.18 18.44 19.68
FINLAND (1) 4.04 6.40 6.75 9.01 11.21 12.80 13.84 17.36 17.64 16.60 13.69 14.70
FRANCE 3.78 6.15 6.29 8.65 10.45 11.06 10.73 13.04 13.08 14.51 14.00 14.72
GREECE 1.49 3.42 3.24 3.57 4.07 4.57 4.90 6.14 6.19 6.75 6.41 6.99
PORTUGAL 1.31 .94 .93 1.29 1.59 1.80 1.95 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 6.58 8.18 8.67 11.15 13.59 15.19 15.80 18.83 19.76 22.34 16.05 16.90
SWITZERLAND 6.05 9.57 9.45 13.50 16.76 17.59 16.29 20.36 21.31 22.88 22.45 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 30
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.63 8.90 9.34 9.79 10.16 10.56 10.95 11.38 11.75 12.15 12.53 12.76
CANADA .. 10.57 10.72 10.99 11.49 11.78 12.47 13.36 13.67 14.47 15.03 15.57
MEXICO .. .. 287 476 937 1695 2076 2810 3506 4217 4.93 5.18
HONG KONG 7.88 15.74 16.99 19.41 19.55 24.05 27.25 30.04 33.86 32.57 .. ..
JAPAN 692 1206 1270 1274 1301 1380 1480 1551 1641 1699 1751 1727
KOREA 147 966 1057 1195 1312 1714 2009 2601 3328 3911 .. ..
SINGAPORE 1.84 4.31 4.47 3.93 4.16 5.01 5.69 6.41 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 12.51 55.64 57.32 61.99 70.60 81.72 86.48 95.20 103.32 107.25 114.80 119.17
BELGIUM 210.79 451.74 469.60 498.30 506.65 510.07 527.92 560.48 589.16 616.51 637.67 657.76
FINLAND (1) 14.80 38.41 41.82 45.70 49.38 53.67 59.47 66.47 71.46 74.48 78.36 76.95
FRANCE 16.18 53.71 56.46 59.89 62.85 65.92 68.45 71.05 73.86 76.80 79.31 81.61
GREECE 48 386 448 499 551 649 795 972 1129 1286 1469 1695
PORTUGAL 33.30 138.98 159.88 193.24 224.01 259.33 307.13 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 27.24 67.66 74.61 79.48 86.26 93.20 101.98 111.51 119.56 130.17 125.14 130.44
SWITZERLAND 15.61 22.49 23.20 24.27 25.00 25.75 26.67 28.30 30.61 32.17 33.18 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 31
PAPER, PRINTING, AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 26 & 27 & ISIC 34)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 96 93 93 96 106 112 115 123 119 110 102
MEXICO .. .. 12 7 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 14
AUSTRALIA 95 87 67 69 78 87 91 91 92 85 81 87
JAPAN 47 51 51 73 80 92 89 86 96 103 119 129
KOREA 6 11 11 11 13 17 22 25 30 32 33 37
SINGAPORE 13 20 19 18 17 20 22 26 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 13 13 14 18 21 26 28 30 34 34 36
BELGIUM 104 69 69 94 112 115 109 130 129 141 134 140
DENMARK 112 77 76 97 125 128 116 138 139 146 137 ..
FINLAND (1) 83 72 74 94 113 126 129 159 155 142 117 131
FRANCE 82 63 63 87 101 105 99 117 113 120 113 117
GERMANY (1) 95 71 70 94 116 123 115 140 140 151 146 152
IRELAND 50 48 50 66 75 81 77 89 86 92 83 85
ITALY 84 64 64 85 102 107 107 130 129 130 104 103
NETHERLANDS 107 71 68 95 113 116 109 129 123 132 128 ..
PORTUGAL 26 13 13 18 21 23 24 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 63 75 77 80 69 68
SWEDEN 120 79 81 102 119 129 130 152 154 168 118 123
SWITZERLAND 100 89 85 118 139 145 131 157 156 162 150 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 52 54 54 66 76 86 82 95 98 99 83 88r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 32
PAPER, PRINTING, AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 26 & 27 & ISIC 34)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.59 13.06 13.54 13.94 14.46 14.77 15.16 15.68 16.23 16.78 17.17 17.41
CANADA .. 12.54 12.53 12.92 13.87 15.69 16.91 18.04 20.02 19.89 18.91 17.76
MEXICO .. .. 1.59 1.01 1.04 1.23 1.43 1.57 1.88 2.28 2.51 2.50
AUSTRALIA 6.28 11.31 9.09 9.58 11.25 12.87 13.86 14.32 14.90 14.26 13.95 15.19
JAPAN 3.13 6.70 6.92 10.12 11.62 13.59 13.51 13.52 15.50 17.35 20.38 22.43
KOREA .40 1.47 1.46 1.58 1.88 2.48 3.36 3.98 4.83 5.36 5.75 6.41
SINGAPORE .85 2.56 2.53 2.44 2.45 2.92 3.40 4.13 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .48 1.69 1.78 2.01 2.54 3.13 3.88 4.38 4.84 5.74 5.82 6.20
BELGIUM 6.87 8.98 9.36 13.09 16.23 16.93 16.48 20.45 20.91 23.62 22.98 24.31
DENMARK 7.41 10.00 10.24 13.55 18.04 18.88 17.63 21.60 22.52 24.47 23.53 ..
FINLAND (1) 5.46 9.39 10.04 13.16 16.27 18.56 19.56 24.93 25.22 23.80 20.07 22.89
FRANCE 5.41 8.27 8.54 12.17 14.58 15.48 15.01 18.32 18.33 20.16 19.41 20.41
GERMANY (1) 6.23 9.30 9.42 13.13 16.82 18.13 17.47 21.94 22.73 25.41 25.10 26.48
IRELAND 3.30 6.32 6.75 9.26 10.85 11.95 11.68 13.91 13.95 15.47 14.30 14.83
ITALY 5.55 8.36 8.65 11.86 14.79 15.79 16.22 20.31 20.91 21.85 17.84 17.92
NETHERLANDS 7.04 9.25 9.27 13.21 16.35 17.13 16.51 20.17 19.92 22.17 21.90 ..
PORTUGAL 1.69 1.66 1.81 2.50 3.05 3.39 3.64 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.48 11.73 12.45 13.47 11.91 11.85
SWEDEN 7.90 10.33 10.93 14.18 17.19 18.99 19.78 23.82 25.07 28.13 20.18 21.37
SWITZERLAND 6.60 11.56 11.51 16.40 20.14 21.36 19.82 24.63 25.30 27.17 25.68 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.42 6.99 7.37 9.22 10.97 12.70 12.37 14.90 15.92 16.65 14.32 15.36r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 33
PAPER, PRINTING, AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 26 & 27 & ISIC 34)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.59 13.06 13.54 13.94 14.46 14.77 15.16 15.68 16.23 16.78 17.17 17.41
CANADA .. 16.24 17.12 17.96 18.39 19.31 20.02 21.05 22.95 24.05 24.39 24.25
MEXICO .. .. 408 616 1439 2804 3529 4423 5687 7051 7.82 8.43
AUSTRALIA 4.80 12.86 12.98 14.27 16.04 16.42 17.50 18.35 19.13 19.40 20.52 20.77
JAPAN 927 1592 1652 1704 1680 1743 1865 1960 2087 2200 2264 2292
KOREA 195 1181 1269 1396 1549 1812 2258 2818 3539 4181 4618 5151
SINGAPORE 2.01 5.47 5.56 5.31 5.16 5.88 6.62 7.49 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 18.29 66.94 71.09 75.91 80.79 89.45 102.44 117.91 129.41 144.44 153.64 164.17
BELGIUM 251.89 518.69 555.57 584.51 606.45 622.62 649.47 683.45 715.02 759.23 794.64 812.53
DENMARK 42.52 103.51 108.55 109.71 123.53 127.27 129.06 133.72 144.24 147.72 152.59 ..
FINLAND (1) 20.03 56.34 62.22 66.73 71.64 77.84 84.03 95.48 102.18 106.78 114.88 119.83
FRANCE 23.15 72.25 76.68 84.28 87.65 92.26 95.74 99.81 103.50 106.72 110.02 113.17
GERMANY (1) 15.30 26.47 27.70 28.49 30.23 31.85 32.86 35.48 37.75 39.69 41.54 42.95
IRELAND 1.48 5.82 6.33 6.91 7.29 7.83 8.24 8.39 8.65 9.08 9.76 9.90
ITALY 3622 14672 16506 17690 19186 20560 22257 24336 25949 26914 28067 28870
NETHERLANDS 17.75 29.68 30.77 32.33 33.12 33.87 35.03 36.74 37.29 38.99 40.69 ..
PORTUGAL 43.11 244.92 311.19 375.06 430.26 488.69 574.05 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1122 1197 1295 1379 1518 1587
SWEDEN 32.74 85.43 94.03 101.04 109.12 116.55 127.72 141.08 151.73 163.89 157.29 164.86
SWITZERLAND 17.03 27.17 28.26 29.49 30.05 31.28 32.45 34.23 36.33 38.20 37.96 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.54 5.23 5.68 6.28 6.69 7.13 7.55 8.35 9.01 9.43 9.54 10.03r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 34
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 26)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 100 95 95 100 109 116 118 126 121 113 107
MEXICO .. .. 11 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 14
ISRAEL 32 27 23 29 36 43 40 42 43 44 42 43
JAPAN 50 47 45 62 71 83 85 80 87 95 110 119
KOREA 6 9 9 9 11 15 20 22 26 28 29 33
SINGAPORE 10 18 17 16 17 19 23 26 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 13 12 13 16 19 23 25 25 29 28 30
AUSTRIA 74 55 54 75 93 102 97 116 113 122 114 119
BELGIUM 100 61 60 81 98 101 95 114 113 124 117 121
DENMARK 100 62 60 79 102 106 98 118 114 123 114 ..
FINLAND (1) 85 67 69 88 105 117 121 149 146 134 110 123
FRANCE 77 53 53 72 83 87 81 96 92 99 92 95
GERMANY (1) 87 61 58 80 100 105 98 119 119 129 122 127
GREECE 24 27 25 27 29 32 33 40 38 40 38 39
IRELAND 47 39 40 54 60 65 62 73 71 76 67 69
ITALY 81 55 55 72 88 92 91 110 108 111 86 85
NETHERLANDS 110 63 62 85 103 105 98 115 110 120 116 ..
NORWAY .. 69 69 86 107 114 111 126 121 123 105 107
PORTUGAL 28 13 15 19 23 26 26 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 59 71 72 77 62 60
SWEDEN 118 72 73 92 109 118 121 140 142 153 107 111
SWITZERLAND 88 67 64 89 109 111 102 124 122 126 118 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 46 39 40 47 55 64 61 73 79 81 69 71r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 35
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 26)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.52 14.37 15.00 15.47 15.90 16.23 16.66 17.26 18.02 18.56 19.14 19.53
CANADA .. 14.32 14.26 14.68 15.88 17.73 19.31 20.44 22.64 22.42 21.64 20.90
MEXICO .. .. 1.68 1.09 1.24 1.44 1.67 1.84 2.18 2.49 2.81 2.75
ISRAEL 2.10 3.89 3.42 4.56 5.66 7.06 6.68 7.33 7.78 8.18 7.99 8.39
JAPAN 3.24 6.75 6.80 9.56 11.29 13.41 14.17 13.78 15.73 17.72 20.99 23.16
KOREA .37 1.25 1.28 1.41 1.72 2.40 3.40 3.85 4.69 5.24 5.57 6.41
SINGAPORE .64 2.54 2.55 2.53 2.68 3.08 3.89 4.44 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .47 1.83 1.79 2.01 2.55 3.14 3.85 4.26 4.54 5.40 5.34 5.82
AUSTRIA 4.84 7.97 8.16 11.54 14.83 16.50 16.16 20.07 20.41 22.68 21.81 23.22
BELGIUM 6.49 8.75 9.06 12.60 15.63 16.34 15.79 19.60 20.28 22.96 22.40 23.67
DENMARK 6.49 8.97 9.05 12.27 16.27 17.16 16.37 20.32 20.55 22.76 21.76 ..
FINLAND (1) 5.51 9.68 10.42 13.56 16.75 19.06 20.19 25.75 26.35 24.96 21.05 23.99
FRANCE 5.02 7.65 7.90 11.07 13.22 14.04 13.57 16.50 16.49 18.32 17.61 18.52
GERMANY (1) 5.67 8.72 8.75 12.33 15.85 17.02 16.34 20.58 21.45 23.90 23.30 24.73
GREECE 1.59 3.87 3.77 4.14 4.67 5.16 5.57 6.82 6.77 7.39 7.20 7.59
IRELAND 3.05 5.67 5.94 8.36 9.59 10.48 10.26 12.62 12.85 14.06 12.89 13.56
ITALY 5.28 7.94 8.18 11.15 13.96 14.91 15.23 18.95 19.55 20.52 16.54 16.56
NETHERLANDS 7.18 9.04 9.31 13.22 16.31 17.01 16.35 19.82 19.90 22.26 22.15 ..
NORWAY .. 9.94 10.30 13.28 16.97 18.54 18.52 21.82 21.81 22.88 20.14 20.96
PORTUGAL 1.81 1.93 2.20 3.00 3.64 4.17 4.40 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.77 12.17 12.90 14.30 11.94 11.70
SWEDEN 7.71 10.39 10.96 14.28 17.36 19.20 20.13 24.11 25.56 28.41 20.44 21.72
SWITZERLAND 5.73 9.59 9.56 13.77 17.28 18.01 16.93 21.35 21.94 23.34 22.67 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.00 5.67 5.97 7.31 8.82 10.45 10.20 12.58 14.24 15.03 13.21 13.79r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 36
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 26)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.52 14.37 15.00 15.47 15.90 16.23 16.66 17.26 18.02 18.56 19.14 19.53
CANADA .. 18.55 19.48 20.41 21.06 21.83 22.87 23.86 25.95 27.11 27.92 28.55
MEXICO .. .. 430 665 1705 3284 4109 5166 6577 7720 8.75 9.29
ISRAEL 1.34 1139.49 4.03 6.78 9.03 11.29 12.80 14.78 17.74 20.11 22.61 25.27
JAPAN 963 1602 1622 1610 1632 1720 1957 1999 2117 2246 2332 2367
KOREA 180 1009 1111 1243 1418 1755 2285 2723 3442 4092 4472 5153
SINGAPORE 1.51 5.42 5.62 5.52 5.64 6.19 7.58 8.04 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 17.69 72.60 71.38 76.10 81.22 89.86 101.73 114.59 121.61 135.77 140.99 153.99
AUSTRIA 84.19 159.41 168.80 176.07 187.60 203.96 214.02 227.43 238.57 249.28 253.89 264.89
BELGIUM 238.08 505.13 537.62 562.58 584.03 601.11 622.24 655.18 693.67 738.22 774.51 791.45
DENMARK 37.20 92.82 95.89 99.36 111.40 115.66 119.84 125.75 131.61 137.39 141.15 ..
FINLAND (1) 20.20 58.08 64.60 68.76 73.75 79.91 86.72 98.64 106.77 112.01 120.48 125.58
FRANCE 21.48 66.79 70.90 76.67 79.50 83.65 86.59 89.89 93.11 97.00 99.82 102.71
GERMANY (1) 13.91 24.82 25.75 26.76 28.49 29.91 30.73 33.28 35.62 37.32 38.56 40.12
GREECE 51 436 520 580 633 732 904 1081 1234 1408 1650 1840
IRELAND 1.37 5.22 5.57 6.23 6.44 6.87 7.23 7.61 7.96 8.25 8.80 9.06
ITALY 3442 13948 15616 16629 18100 19412 20896 22701 24257 25275 26010 26681
NETHERLANDS 18.12 29.01 30.89 32.35 33.04 33.64 34.69 36.11 37.25 39.15 41.16 ..
NORWAY .. 81.12 88.49 98.28 114.37 120.98 128.05 136.48 141.56 142.16 142.96 147.89
PORTUGAL 46.18 284.48 378.31 449.79 514.20 602.23 693.66 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1157 1242 1342 1464 1522 1566
SWEDEN 31.93 85.94 94.30 101.75 110.17 117.82 129.97 142.82 154.67 165.51 159.36 167.58
SWITZERLAND 14.78 22.55 23.48 24.75 25.78 26.36 27.71 29.68 31.50 32.82 33.50 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.35 4.24 4.60 4.98 5.38 5.87 6.22 7.05 8.06 8.51 8.80 9.00r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 37
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 27)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 83 81 81 83 92 96 99 107 106 98 87
MEXICO .. .. 12 7 6 8 9 9 11 14 15 15
HONG KONG 12 16 18 18 19 22 26 28 32 34 37 41
ISRAEL 34 36 30 40 49 58 56 63 61 62 60 61
JAPAN 46 55 56 81 88 99 93 91 102 110 126 137
KOREA 6 14 13 14 15 19 23 28 33 35 37 39
SINGAPORE 14 21 20 19 18 21 23 28 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 8 12 14 15 19 23 27 31 34 39 39 41
BELGIUM 113 78 79 108 128 130 125 148 146 158 151 158
DENMARK 117 86 86 109 139 142 128 150 137 161 153 ..
FINLAND (1) 71 71 72 93 111 125 128 153 145 130 107 119
FRANCE 86 73 73 102 118 123 116 136 134 141 134 139
GERMANY (1) 101 80 80 107 131 139 131 158 159 173 170 177
GREECE 30 32 31 33 36 40 40 47 48 50 47 50
IRELAND 51 54 56 75 84 91 86 98 96 102 93 95
ITALY 88 72 72 97 116 121 121 146 147 148 120 119
NETHERLANDS 104 77 74 102 121 124 117 138 131 141 137 ..
NORWAY .. 111 113 141 174 187 176 196 190 194 168 168
PORTUGAL 24 12 12 16 19 20 22 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 66 78 81 84 75 74
SWEDEN 123 84 87 108 126 135 136 159 161 177 124 129
SWITZERLAND 104 101 97 134 157 164 147 175 176 183 169 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 55 64 65 77 89 100 95 110 112 112 94 101r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 38
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 27)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.67 12.16 12.57 12.94 13.49 13.80 14.19 14.74 15.13 15.65 15.91 16.08
CANADA .. 10.04 10.13 10.49 11.24 12.64 13.64 14.55 16.18 16.53 15.65 14.06
MEXICO .. .. 1.49 .92 .87 1.05 1.23 1.36 1.65 2.12 2.31 2.34
HONG KONG .81 1.94 2.22 2.30 2.59 2.99 3.64 4.20 4.81 5.26 5.92 6.61
ISRAEL 2.25 4.36 3.83 5.12 6.60 8.06 7.94 9.30 9.21 9.72 9.55 9.85
JAPAN 3.04 6.68 7.01 10.46 11.83 13.71 13.16 13.39 15.40 17.20 20.03 22.00
KOREA .43 1.72 1.69 1.82 2.06 2.58 3.32 4.19 5.04 5.51 5.95 6.34
SINGAPORE .91 2.57 2.51 2.43 2.40 2.90 3.26 4.07 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .51 1.50 1.77 2.00 2.52 3.11 3.90 4.50 5.12 6.07 6.26 6.53
BELGIUM 7.51 9.44 9.95 14.00 17.31 17.96 17.69 21.86 22.06 24.79 24.03 25.44
DENMARK 7.81 10.44 10.82 14.05 18.73 19.56 18.18 22.14 20.66 25.23 24.27 ..
FINLAND (1) 4.72 8.58 9.04 11.97 14.92 17.27 18.11 22.57 21.96 20.41 16.98 19.18
FRANCE 5.76 8.88 9.16 13.23 15.90 16.91 16.41 20.11 20.21 22.02 21.25 22.31
GERMANY (1) 6.73 9.77 10.01 13.90 17.68 19.13 18.55 23.25 24.02 27.10 27.01 28.45
GREECE 1.98 3.84 3.91 4.25 4.86 5.47 5.70 6.97 7.22 7.81 7.44 8.07
IRELAND 3.39 6.57 7.07 9.68 11.38 12.53 12.24 14.43 14.46 16.03 14.80 15.28
ITALY 5.84 8.76 9.10 12.54 15.59 16.66 17.15 21.59 22.20 23.13 19.05 19.17
NETHERLANDS 6.97 9.36 9.27 13.22 16.34 17.15 16.55 20.29 19.88 22.08 21.75 ..
NORWAY .. 13.54 14.16 18.25 23.47 25.87 24.92 28.89 28.71 30.42 26.71 26.97
PORTUGAL 1.60 1.42 1.46 2.06 2.52 2.74 3.07 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.36 11.52 12.25 13.10 11.91 11.94
SWEDEN 8.18 10.24 10.88 14.03 16.93 18.67 19.26 23.43 24.37 27.63 19.68 20.70
SWITZERLAND 6.93 12.30 12.24 17.38 21.22 22.62 20.90 25.85 26.56 28.60 26.81 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.64 7.73 8.14 10.01 12.00 13.86 13.49 16.20 16.88 17.57 14.96 16.26r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 39
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 27)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.67 12.16 12.57 12.94 13.49 13.80 14.19 14.74 15.13 15.65 15.91 16.08
CANADA .. 13.00 13.84 14.59 14.90 15.56 16.15 16.98 18.54 19.99 20.19 19.21
MEXICO .. .. 383 563 1193 2390 3025 3815 4992 6557 7.19 7.89
HONG KONG 3.98 15.20 17.27 17.97 20.19 23.38 28.37 32.75 37.40 40.73 45.77 51.09
ISRAEL 1.44 1279.51 4.52 7.62 10.53 12.88 15.22 18.74 20.99 23.91 27.03 29.65
JAPAN 903 1586 1672 1762 1711 1757 1818 1941 2073 2181 2225 2248
KOREA 210 1389 1470 1604 1696 1890 2229 2964 3694 4304 4775 5096
SINGAPORE 2.15 5.48 5.53 5.29 5.05 5.84 6.36 7.37 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 19.37 59.51 70.70 75.66 80.31 88.97 103.09 121.07 136.98 152.84 165.34 172.97
BELGIUM 275.70 545.44 590.20 625.41 646.56 660.48 697.10 730.45 754.41 797.04 830.92 850.62
DENMARK 44.76 108.09 114.64 113.77 128.24 131.85 133.08 137.03 132.33 152.30 157.44 ..
FINLAND (1) 17.28 51.50 56.04 60.71 65.70 72.41 77.79 86.46 88.97 91.56 97.24 100.41
FRANCE 24.67 77.57 82.28 91.64 95.60 100.74 104.72 109.54 114.14 116.55 120.44 123.76
GERMANY (1) 16.52 27.81 29.44 30.16 31.80 33.62 34.89 37.59 39.90 42.33 44.69 46.14
GREECE 64 432 541 595 658 776 926 1104 1317 1489 1706 1957
IRELAND 1.52 6.05 6.63 7.22 7.65 8.21 8.63 8.71 8.96 9.41 10.11 10.21
ITALY 3809 15391 17375 18702 20219 21692 23529 25867 27552 28497 29971 30885
NETHERLANDS 17.59 30.03 30.76 32.36 33.10 33.93 35.12 36.96 37.22 38.85 40.41 ..
NORWAY .. 110.51 121.71 135.05 158.23 168.80 172.25 180.65 186.37 189.05 189.60 190.24
PORTUGAL 40.81 209.59 252.06 307.99 355.87 395.66 483.25 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1108 1175 1274 1341 1519 1599
SWEDEN 33.87 84.71 93.59 99.99 107.43 114.60 124.33 138.77 147.47 160.98 153.41 159.72
SWITZERLAND 17.90 28.89 30.05 31.25 31.65 33.11 34.22 35.94 38.14 40.21 39.63 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.64 5.78 6.28 6.82 7.32 7.78 8.24 9.08 9.55 9.95 9.96 10.62r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 40
CHEMICALS, PETROLEUM, & RUBBER & PLASTICS PRODUCTS (US SIC 28-30 & ISIC 35)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 85 81 80 83 90 93 94 96 92 86 83
MEXICO .. .. 14 10 9 12 13 14 15 18 20 20
JAPAN 54 55 53 77 89 99 96 95 107 115 128 140
KOREA 5 10 9 10 12 17 23 25 28 30 33 36
SINGAPORE (1) 13 21 21 19 19 20 23 26 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 6 11 11 12 16 19 23 26 28 31 31 33
AUSTRIA 75 62 61 86 103 108 102 122 119 130 127 133
BELGIUM 108 72 73 100 120 125 119 143 142 153 150 162
DENMARK 89 59 58 77 100 101 94 112 108 114 107 ..
FINLAND (1) 66 53 54 71 86 98 103 123 117 106 86 102
FRANCE (1) 71 54 55 74 86 89 83 97 93 98 93 97
GERMANY (1) 99 72 71 97 119 124 114 138 136 .. 143 149
IRELAND (1) 52 47 49 64 73 76 70 83 80 87 76 80
ITALY 80 56 58 79 94 98 98 118 115 117 94 94
NETHERLANDS 108 71 69 95 114 116 .. .. .. .. .. ..
NORWAY .. 75 77 96 117 122 118 134 132 135 118 118
PORTUGAL 28 14 15 20 24 26 26 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 66 81 83 88 73 72
SWEDEN 101 66 67 85 101 109 110 127 127 135 97 103
SWITZERLAND 96 78 76 105 127 130 116 141 141 147 142 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 52 47 47 56 64 73 69 81 84 85 72 73r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
FRANCE: EXCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: EXCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 41
CHEMICALS, PETROLEUM, & RUBBER & PLASTICS PRODUCTS (US SIC 28-30 & ISIC 35)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.83 13.90 14.29 14.57 15.05 15.46 16.08 16.66 17.44 18.03 18.35 18.55
CANADA .. 11.82 11.53 11.67 12.54 13.95 15.03 15.70 16.68 16.64 15.86 15.34
MEXICO .. .. 2.05 1.42 1.41 1.82 2.03 2.29 2.66 3.18 3.58 3.67
JAPAN 3.66 7.67 7.58 11.21 13.37 15.35 15.36 15.80 18.73 20.65 23.45 26.03
KOREA .37 1.33 1.34 1.45 1.82 2.59 3.66 4.11 4.89 5.44 6.06 6.71
SINGAPORE (1) .91 2.89 2.97 2.78 2.79 3.06 3.63 4.32 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .43 1.48 1.55 1.82 2.34 2.94 3.72 4.27 4.84 5.66 5.73 6.08
AUSTRIA 5.11 8.58 8.74 12.51 15.54 16.68 16.33 20.37 20.77 23.38 23.33 24.74
BELGIUM 7.39 9.97 10.46 14.58 18.06 19.37 19.13 23.79 24.77 27.67 27.51 30.05
DENMARK 6.11 8.24 8.32 11.25 15.11 15.59 15.10 18.61 18.84 20.59 19.64 ..
FINLAND (1) 4.50 7.36 7.77 10.30 13.00 15.22 16.53 20.56 20.48 19.05 15.73 19.00
FRANCE (1) 4.87 7.46 7.80 10.75 12.95 13.75 13.33 16.15 16.14 17.64 17.15 17.96
GERMANY (1) 6.76 10.06 10.11 14.20 17.93 19.10 18.40 23.06 23.77 .. 26.16 27.57
IRELAND (1) 3.57 6.56 7.04 9.38 11.02 11.78 11.33 13.79 14.01 15.64 14.03 14.76
ITALY 5.47 7.85 8.22 11.47 14.20 15.22 15.76 19.71 20.13 21.18 17.32 17.49
NETHERLANDS 7.36 9.86 9.86 13.86 17.20 17.86 .. .. .. .. .. ..
NORWAY .. 10.48 11.04 14.06 17.58 18.93 18.93 22.29 22.94 24.40 21.57 21.93
PORTUGAL 1.92 1.95 2.13 2.90 3.61 4.02 4.12 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.58 13.52 14.53 15.94 13.31 13.32
SWEDEN 6.92 9.12 9.62 12.37 15.16 16.84 17.62 21.19 22.18 24.27 17.87 19.14
SWITZERLAND 6.53 10.84 10.79 15.28 19.08 20.15 18.63 23.48 24.61 26.45 25.97 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.57 6.47 6.72 8.19 9.68 11.25 11.16 13.55 14.59 15.38 13.14 13.51r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
FRANCE: EXCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: EXCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 42
CHEMICALS, PETROLEUM, & RUBBER & PLASTICS PRODUCTS (US SIC 28-30 & ISIC 35)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.83 13.90 14.29 14.57 15.05 15.46 16.08 16.66 17.44 18.03 18.35 18.55
CANADA .. 15.31 15.75 16.22 16.62 17.17 17.79 18.32 19.12 20.12 20.46 20.95
MEXICO .. .. 527 872 1947 4126 4993 6438 8013 9830 11.15 12.40
JAPAN 1085 1820 1807 1887 1934 1968 2121 2291 2521 2618 2605 2661
KOREA 181 1073 1170 1278 1493 1894 2455 2912 3585 4247 4863 5389
SINGAPORE (1) 2.16 6.16 6.53 6.06 5.87 6.17 7.08 7.84 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 16.21 58.59 61.96 68.75 74.54 84.09 98.34 114.94 129.55 142.50 151.42 160.94
AUSTRIA 88.95 171.64 180.84 190.83 196.61 206.22 216.27 230.83 242.83 256.90 271.61 282.30
BELGIUM 271.06 575.64 620.84 651.24 674.62 712.46 753.80 794.93 847.14 889.60 951.14 1004.58
DENMARK 35.06 85.31 88.24 91.06 103.49 105.07 110.54 115.20 120.63 124.30 127.41 ..
FINLAND (1) 16.50 44.19 48.17 52.23 57.24 63.80 71.01 78.74 82.98 85.47 90.08 99.46
FRANCE (1) 20.83 65.21 70.02 74.46 77.88 81.92 85.02 87.99 91.14 93.41 97.17 99.60
GERMANY (1) 16.59 28.63 29.74 30.80 32.24 33.56 34.60 37.29 39.48 .. 43.29 44.72
IRELAND (1) 1.60 6.03 6.60 6.99 7.40 7.72 7.99 8.32 8.68 9.18 9.58 9.86
ITALY 3568 13782 15698 17094 18416 19819 21624 23607 24983 26094 27238 28176
NETHERLANDS 18.58 31.65 32.70 33.93 34.85 35.32 .. .. .. .. .. ..
NORWAY .. 85.51 94.88 104.01 118.51 123.47 130.88 139.38 148.90 151.61 153.12 154.71
PORTUGAL 48.93 288.36 366.02 434.81 509.81 580.62 648.71 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1253 1380 1511 1632 1698 1784
SWEDEN 28.68 75.44 82.74 88.17 96.23 103.32 113.74 125.50 134.21 141.39 139.33 147.71
SWITZERLAND 16.86 25.47 26.48 27.47 28.46 29.50 30.50 32.63 35.34 37.18 38.39 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.61 4.84 5.18 5.58 5.90 6.31 6.81 7.60 8.25 8.71 8.75 8.82r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
FRANCE: EXCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: EXCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 43
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 28)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 74 71 71 75 81 85 88 93 88 83 78
MEXICO .. .. 13 9 9 12 13 14 16 18 20 20
AUSTRALIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
ISRAEL (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
JAPAN 58 63 61 88 100 113 110 106 115 121 137 149
KOREA 7 12 11 12 14 19 25 27 30 32 32 36
SINGAPORE 13 18 18 17 17 20 22 25 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 12 13 15 18 22 26 28 30 33 31 32
AUSTRIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
BELGIUM 105 66 67 91 110 114 110 131 131 140 137 146
DENMARK 89 55 54 69 89 90 83 99 95 100 93 ..
FRANCE (1) 72 53 53 71 81 82 78 90 86 90 86 88
GERMANY (1) 99 69 68 93 114 118 110 134 132 .. 138 144
GREECE 24 26 24 26 29 32 33 39 37 38 35 37
IRELAND 49 45 47 61 70 72 68 78 77 81 72 74
ITALY 77 50 52 69 84 88 87 105 104 107 84 83
NETHERLANDS (1) 104 66 63 86 103 103 .. .. .. .. .. ..
PORTUGAL 29 14 15 19 23 25 24 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 57 71 73 76 61 60
SWEDEN 99 60 62 77 91 97 99 114 115 120 87 90
SWITZERLAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 50 44 45 53 60 67 65 76 79 80 67 68
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: INCLUDING PETROLEUM & COAL PRODUCTS.
ISRAEL: INCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS PRODUCTS.
FRANCE: EXCLUDING SYNTHETIC FIBERS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: EXCLUDING SYNTHETIC FIBERS.
SWITZERLAND: INCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 44
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 28)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 7.20 15.63 16.07 16.62 17.21 17.81 18.33 19.12 19.95 20.75 21.25 21.76
CANADA .. 11.55 11.39 11.72 12.84 14.38 15.58 16.80 18.60 18.30 17.73 16.91
MEXICO .. .. 2.14 1.54 1.56 2.05 2.34 2.60 3.10 3.72 4.24 4.42
AUSTRALIA (1) 6.65 11.56 9.46 10.31 10.99 14.54 14.99 15.52 16.13 15.50 14.93 16.64
ISRAEL (1) 2.92 5.89 4.65 5.73 7.02 8.44 8.55 9.61 10.25 10.93 10.85 11.46
JAPAN 4.16 9.77 9.81 14.56 17.25 20.15 20.10 20.27 22.93 25.01 29.13 32.34
KOREA .50 1.82 1.83 2.01 2.39 3.35 4.61 5.12 6.02 6.55 6.85 7.74
SINGAPORE .95 2.85 2.92 2.80 2.84 3.53 4.09 4.83 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .53 1.86 2.05 2.41 3.14 3.86 4.76 5.31 6.05 6.80 6.64 7.00
AUSTRIA (1) 4.92 8.07 8.21 11.69 14.67 15.76 15.37 18.96 19.26 21.71 21.54 22.91
BELGIUM 7.55 10.34 10.84 15.18 18.92 20.38 20.17 25.07 26.08 28.98 29.04 31.85
DENMARK 6.41 8.58 8.68 11.54 15.36 15.96 15.26 18.88 18.99 20.81 19.72 ..
FRANCE (1) 5.21 8.28 8.55 11.72 13.94 14.66 14.21 17.21 17.22 18.72 18.32 19.23
GERMANY (1) 7.13 10.85 10.93 15.41 19.66 20.97 20.24 25.63 26.35 .. 29.37 31.24
GREECE 1.76 4.07 3.85 4.25 5.00 5.76 6.01 7.48 7.38 7.93 7.44 7.99
IRELAND 3.52 7.06 7.60 10.20 12.01 12.85 12.44 14.93 15.32 16.85 15.21 16.12
ITALY 5.52 7.89 8.33 11.48 14.40 15.59 16.00 20.11 20.76 22.13 17.83 17.96
NETHERLANDS (1) 7.47 10.27 10.17 14.32 17.75 18.42 .. .. .. .. .. ..
PORTUGAL 2.08 2.16 2.36 3.22 3.97 4.42 4.48 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.47 13.52 14.47 15.86 13.01 13.01
SWEDEN 7.13 9.37 9.96 12.79 15.70 17.36 18.23 21.72 22.87 25.00 18.46 19.68
SWITZERLAND (1) 6.77 11.48 11.43 16.19 20.19 21.30 19.63 24.90 26.11 28.10 27.69 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.62 6.95 7.23 8.76 10.30 12.02 11.95 14.60 15.73 16.63 14.23 14.76
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: INCLUDING PETROLEUM & COAL PRODUCTS.
ISRAEL: INCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS PRODUCTS.
FRANCE: EXCLUDING SYNTHETIC FIBERS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: EXCLUDING SYNTHETIC FIBERS.
SWITZERLAND: INCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 45
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 28)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 7.20 15.63 16.07 16.62 17.21 17.81 18.33 19.12 19.95 20.75 21.25 21.76
CANADA .. 14.96 15.56 16.29 17.03 17.70 18.45 19.61 21.32 22.12 22.87 23.10
MEXICO .. .. 550 943 2149 4664 5750 7308 9353 11519 13.22 14.93
AUSTRALIA (1) 5.08 13.15 13.51 15.36 15.66 18.53 18.93 19.89 20.71 21.07 21.96 22.75
ISRAEL (1) 1.87 1727.47 5.49 8.52 11.20 13.49 16.39 19.37 23.37 26.88 30.71 34.50
JAPAN 1235 2319 2339 2453 2494 2583 2776 2939 3087 3172 3236 3305
KOREA 243 1467 1596 1769 1964 2450 3092 3624 4414 5116 5499 6215
SINGAPORE 2.25 6.08 6.42 6.10 5.99 7.10 7.98 8.76 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 20.15 73.72 81.62 91.16 99.91 110.46 125.75 142.86 161.80 171.10 175.53 185.23
AUSTRIA (1) 85.52 161.44 169.74 178.39 185.60 194.76 203.46 214.86 225.20 238.54 250.77 261.40
BELGIUM 277.13 596.85 643.51 677.97 706.77 749.65 794.72 837.86 891.78 931.77 1004.10 1064.59
DENMARK 36.77 88.82 92.04 93.39 105.16 107.59 111.71 116.85 121.60 125.62 127.89 ..
FRANCE (1) 22.32 72.29 76.76 81.20 83.80 87.36 90.64 93.77 97.26 99.11 103.82 106.63
GERMANY (1) 17.50 30.87 32.17 33.45 35.34 36.85 38.07 41.44 43.77 .. 48.60 50.67
GREECE 57 458 531 595 677 817 976 1185 1346 1511 1707 1939
IRELAND 1.59 6.50 7.13 7.60 8.07 8.42 8.78 9.01 9.49 9.89 10.38 10.77
ITALY 3601 13861 15904 17121 18671 20294 21957 24097 25766 27258 28042 28929
NETHERLANDS (1) 18.85 32.96 33.75 35.06 35.96 36.44 .. .. .. .. .. ..
PORTUGAL 52.90 318.94 406.90 482.01 560.41 637.77 705.56 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1240 1379 1505 1624 1658 1742
SWEDEN 29.53 77.50 85.68 91.14 99.63 106.56 117.68 128.66 138.38 145.65 143.93 151.88
SWITZERLAND (1) 17.48 26.99 28.07 29.11 30.12 31.18 32.14 34.61 37.49 39.51 40.92 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.63 5.20 5.58 5.97 6.28 6.75 7.29 8.18 8.90 9.42 9.48 9.64
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: INCLUDING PETROLEUM & COAL PRODUCTS.
ISRAEL: INCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS PRODUCTS.
FRANCE: EXCLUDING SYNTHETIC FIBERS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: EXCLUDING SYNTHETIC FIBERS.
SWITZERLAND: INCLUDING PETROLEUM REFINING.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 46
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 29)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 29)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 97 93 91 97 107 113 107 81 72 80 75
JAPAN 53 59 61 89 108 123 116 106 114 123 136 146
KOREA 7 11 11 12 14 18 24 26 30 32 32 34
SINGAPORE 21 27 26 26 25 31 28 36 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 8 15 15 19 23 26 39 40 40 46 44 48
GREECE 26 26 25 29 33 34 31 34 34 37 37 37
PORTUGAL 49 17 18 26 40 39 38 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 89 52 53 72 86 95 94 108 111 111 79 79
PETROLEUM REFINING (US SIC 291)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
AUSTRIA 67 57 58 88 106 115 116 143 143 148 140 146
BELGIUM 109 67 72 105 122 124 118 143 142 158 145 155
DENMARK 62 37 37 53 72 73 70 78 76 80 72 ..
GERMANY (1) 90 67 65 93 111 113 105 125 122 130 123 125
ITALY 73 42 43 61 74 77 80 93 90 92 72 69
NETHERLANDS 97 56 58 83 101 100 93 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 75 87 88 94 79 75
UNITED KINGDOM 60 51 48 61 72 82 79 88 93 94 78 74
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 47
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 29)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 29)
UNITED STATES 8.94 19.41 19.94 19.55 20.18 20.72 21.48 22.96 24.32 25.45 26.63 27.48
CANADA .. 18.83 18.46 17.75 19.58 22.14 24.29 24.47 19.67 18.36 21.23 20.53
JAPAN 4.75 11.49 12.12 17.44 21.78 25.42 24.97 24.30 27.73 31.33 36.32 40.20
KOREA .63 2.11 2.17 2.32 2.84 3.65 5.26 5.89 7.18 8.10 8.65 9.47
SINGAPORE 1.87 5.26 5.25 5.05 5.06 6.47 5.97 8.33 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .68 2.91 3.02 3.77 4.66 5.41 8.27 9.10 9.79 11.83 11.72 13.18
GREECE 2.28 5.05 5.01 5.69 6.63 7.01 6.62 7.91 8.16 9.36 9.87 10.08
PORTUGAL 4.37 3.36 3.66 5.12 8.16 8.00 8.24 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 7.98 10.11 10.48 13.98 17.43 19.70 20.24 24.89 26.95 28.27 20.95 21.62
PETROLEUM REFINING (US SIC 291)
UNITED STATES 9.68 21.23 21.76 21.03 21.74 22.39 23.23 24.95 26.51 27.92 29.52 30.65
AUSTRIA 6.46 12.00 12.52 18.58 22.97 25.77 26.96 35.62 37.82 41.41 41.33 44.62
BELGIUM 10.53 14.21 15.64 22.06 26.47 27.66 27.42 35.80 37.52 44.10 42.71 47.41
DENMARK 5.98 7.76 8.13 11.25 15.55 16.41 16.15 19.46 20.16 22.34 21.27 ..
GERMANY (1) 8.74 14.25 14.14 19.58 24.19 25.32 24.39 31.19 32.45 36.36 36.18 38.43
ITALY 7.08 8.89 9.31 12.86 16.07 17.35 18.55 23.18 23.98 25.65 21.34 21.14
NETHERLANDS 9.41 11.85 12.52 17.53 21.91 22.49 21.64 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 17.52 21.63 23.42 26.19 23.20 23.09
UNITED KINGDOM 5.77 10.85 10.39 12.85 15.64 18.31 18.42 21.98 24.60 26.34 23.07 22.58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 48
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 29)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 29)
UNITED STATES 8.94 19.41 19.94 19.55 20.18 20.72 21.48 22.96 24.32 25.45 26.63 27.48
CANADA .. 24.39 25.22 24.68 25.96 27.25 28.75 28.56 22.54 22.19 27.39 28.05
JAPAN 1409 2727 2892 2937 3150 3259 3449 3524 3733 3972 4035 4108
KOREA 303 1697 1891 2044 2339 2672 3534 4169 5264 6325 6940 7613
SINGAPORE 4.44 11.22 11.56 11.00 10.65 13.02 11.64 15.10 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 25.74 115.17 120.50 142.84 148.27 154.74 218.44 245.08 261.93 297.73 309.68 348.81
GREECE 74 569 692 797 897 995 1075 1254 1488 1784 2264 2445
PORTUGAL 111.33 495.88 630.69 766.33 1151.69 1154.52 1297.75 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 33.04 83.66 90.17 99.63 110.65 120.88 130.68 147.40 163.10 164.68 163.30 166.82
PETROLEUM REFINING (US SIC 291)
UNITED STATES 9.68 21.23 21.76 21.03 21.74 22.39 23.23 24.95 26.51 27.92 29.52 30.65
AUSTRIA 112.40 240.01 258.85 283.60 290.53 318.56 356.96 403.53 442.12 455.05 481.12 509.15
BELGIUM 386.38 820.61 927.97 985.03 988.99 1017.35 1080.70 1196.52 1283.33 1417.97 1477.07 1584.94
DENMARK 34.28 80.28 86.15 91.09 106.51 110.62 118.22 120.44 129.11 134.89 137.99 ..
GERMANY (1) 21.45 40.54 41.61 42.49 43.49 44.49 45.87 50.44 53.91 56.79 59.87 62.34
ITALY 4621 15613 17767 19177 20842 22589 25446 27770 29763 31605 33561 34050
NETHERLANDS 23.74 38.03 41.54 42.92 44.39 44.48 45.93 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 2075 2206 2436 2682 2959 3092
UNITED KINGDOM 2.60 8.12 8.01 8.76 9.53 10.28 11.25 12.32 13.92 14.91 15.36 14.74
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 49
RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 30)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 88 83 84 88 95 100 101 106 103 96 94
MEXICO .. .. 15 10 8 10 11 12 14 15 17 17
ISRAEL 35 35 31 39 50 58 56 59 57 58 54 60
JAPAN 49 50 50 72 84 95 92 92 101 109 127 140
KOREA 5 9 9 10 12 17 23 25 28 31 35 37
SINGAPORE (1) 13 21 21 19 19 22 25 28 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 6 12 12 13 17 20 24 26 28 32 32 34
BELGIUM 110 72 73 98 117 123 116 137 137 149 142 152
DENMARK 100 71 69 92 121 120 114 135 131 138 130 ..
FRANCE 75 61 62 82 96 99 93 108 104 111 105 109
GERMANY (1) 100 76 74 102 125 130 122 145 144 154 148 156
GREECE 26 33 30 33 37 41 42 48 46 51 47 50
IRELAND 62 50 52 67 76 80 74 89 86 94 81 83
ITALY 88 67 68 94 111 116 117 139 135 135 110 111
NETHERLANDS 113 74 72 99 120 123 113 130 123 131 127 ..
PORTUGAL 26 14 14 19 22 25 25 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 72 88 91 96 81 81
SWEDEN 112 76 78 97 116 127 129 150 149 157 113 122
SWITZERLAND 100 80 77 107 130 135 122 145 145 150 143 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 57 49 50 61 70 80 76 89 91 93 78 78r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SPAIN: EXCLUDING FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 50
RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 30)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.87 11.37 11.70 11.92 12.27 12.55 12.95 13.50 14.07 14.55 14.80 14.87
CANADA .. 10.04 9.76 10.05 10.81 11.97 12.92 13.65 14.97 15.04 14.15 13.94
MEXICO .. .. 1.76 1.16 1.04 1.22 1.38 1.58 1.90 2.24 2.50 2.50
ISRAEL 2.07 4.01 3.61 4.61 6.08 7.32 7.30 7.99 8.05 8.39 8.00 8.99
JAPAN 2.90 5.72 5.86 8.63 10.34 11.89 11.90 12.40 14.24 15.85 18.78 20.79
KOREA .30 1.06 1.05 1.17 1.48 2.16 3.00 3.44 4.00 4.50 5.21 5.53
SINGAPORE (1) .74 2.41 2.40 2.22 2.34 2.70 3.23 3.77 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .35 1.32 1.36 1.58 2.04 2.53 3.11 3.52 3.99 4.67 4.76 4.98
BELGIUM 6.45 8.21 8.54 11.73 14.39 15.40 15.05 18.48 19.29 21.61 21.03 22.53
DENMARK 5.86 8.02 8.05 11.01 14.83 15.12 14.77 18.23 18.45 20.07 19.27 ..
FRANCE 4.39 6.92 7.20 9.79 11.80 12.44 12.06 14.62 14.59 16.08 15.48 16.18
GERMANY (1) 5.89 8.63 8.66 12.18 15.35 16.30 15.80 19.56 20.21 22.41 21.95 23.21
GREECE 1.51 3.73 3.56 3.93 4.53 5.12 5.40 6.52 6.52 7.36 6.99 7.46
IRELAND 3.65 5.63 6.09 8.03 9.38 10.02 9.63 12.06 12.03 13.71 12.03 12.41
ITALY 5.15 7.61 7.91 11.18 13.64 14.50 15.09 18.72 18.95 19.67 16.28 16.51
NETHERLANDS 6.65 8.36 8.38 11.80 14.70 15.39 14.63 17.59 17.34 19.04 18.75 ..
PORTUGAL 1.52 1.55 1.67 2.28 2.75 3.10 3.22 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.38 11.83 12.74 13.97 12.03 12.07
SWEDEN 6.58 8.64 9.07 11.60 14.28 15.94 16.75 20.24 20.96 22.88 16.67 18.07
SWITZERLAND 5.86 9.08 9.02 12.80 15.99 16.98 15.86 19.54 20.47 21.87 21.23 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.32 5.59 5.82 7.23 8.63 10.01 9.87 11.99 12.87 13.48 11.49 11.67r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SPAIN: EXCLUDING FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 51
RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 30)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.87 11.37 11.70 11.92 12.27 12.55 12.95 13.50 14.07 14.55 14.80 14.87
CANADA .. 13.01 13.34 13.98 14.33 14.73 15.30 15.93 17.15 18.18 18.25 19.04
MEXICO .. .. 452 710 1440 2778 3408 4438 5747 6925 7.80 8.43
ISRAEL 1.33 1175.48 4.26 6.85 9.69 11.70 13.99 16.10 18.35 20.62 22.63 27.08
JAPAN 861 1357 1397 1453 1495 1524 1644 1799 1917 2009 2087 2124
KOREA 146 857 918 1027 1217 1583 2012 2434 2936 3511 4182 4442
SINGAPORE (1) 1.75 5.14 5.28 4.83 4.92 5.43 6.31 6.83 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 13.33 52.22 54.13 59.73 64.98 72.28 82.25 94.72 106.67 117.43 125.71 131.93
BELGIUM 236.77 473.86 506.87 524.04 537.54 566.55 593.03 617.47 659.88 694.92 727.15 753.07
DENMARK 33.58 83.03 85.37 89.09 101.57 101.95 108.12 112.85 118.17 121.16 124.98 ..
FRANCE 18.81 60.47 64.61 67.82 70.92 74.15 76.96 79.64 82.41 85.10 87.73 89.71
GERMANY (1) 14.46 24.54 25.49 26.43 27.59 28.65 29.71 31.63 33.56 35.00 36.33 37.64
GREECE 49 420 491 550 614 727 877 1033 1188 1402 1602 1809
IRELAND 1.64 5.18 5.71 5.99 6.30 6.57 6.79 7.28 7.45 8.04 8.21 8.29
ITALY 3362 13361 15092 16675 17694 18881 20697 22426 23518 24234 25601 26592
NETHERLANDS 16.77 26.82 27.79 28.88 29.77 30.44 31.05 32.05 32.46 33.48 34.84 ..
PORTUGAL 38.70 229.39 286.66 341.30 388.39 447.67 507.87 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1111 1207 1325 1430 1533 1616
SWEDEN 27.25 71.49 78.06 82.65 90.63 97.81 108.14 119.90 126.86 133.29 129.93 139.41
SWITZERLAND 15.11 21.33 22.14 23.01 23.85 24.86 25.97 27.17 29.39 30.75 31.38 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.50 4.18 4.48 4.93 5.26 5.62 6.03 6.72 7.28 7.63 7.65 7.62r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SPAIN: EXCLUDING FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 52
RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 301-6) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 301-6) (1)
UNITED STATES (1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 77 72 72 78 85 90 93 104 100 90 88
MEXICO .. .. 23 14 13 16 16 18 21 24 26 25
JAPAN (1) 47 44 45 65 79 87 85 84 93 99 113 125
KOREA 4 7 7 8 9 15 19 21 24 26 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 12 20 20 20 19 23 27 29 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 6 11 11 12 16 19 22 24 25 28 27 28
BELGIUM 105 63 65 86 102 114 104 121 122 131 122 129
DENMARK 88 59 58 76 97 103 93 111 109 113 105 ..
FRANCE 71 52 53 70 83 89 83 96 91 97 91 94
GERMANY (1) 98 69 67 92 113 120 112 133 130 140 134 139
IRELAND 63 48 48 63 69 76 70 87 80 90 74 76
ITALY 86 60 60 83 99 106 106 126 121 121 97 98
PORTUGAL .. 14 14 19 22 25 25 .. .. .. .. ..
UNITED KINGDOM 54 43 43 53 62 74 71 81 85 84 69 69r
TIRES AND INNER TUBES (US SIC 301)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
TAIWAN .. 11 10 12 15 18 21 21 21 22 21 22
PORTUGAL 35 17 18 24 28 30 30 .. .. .. .. ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: AS NOTED BELOW, THE U.S. INDUSTRY INCLUDES SOME PLASTICS
PRODUCTS; THIS IS GENERALLY NOT TRUE FOR THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
UNITED STATES: INCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR & HOSE & BELTING.
JAPAN: INCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING RUBBER FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 53
RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 301-6) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 301-6) (1)
UNITED STATES (1) 6.62 13.74 14.16 14.53 14.86 14.79 15.37 16.12 16.91 17.59 18.12 18.28
CANADA .. 10.63 10.21 10.50 11.56 12.57 13.82 15.03 17.57 17.63 16.35 16.13
MEXICO .. .. 3.20 2.07 1.91 2.32 2.51 2.93 3.55 4.21 4.63 4.62
JAPAN (1) 3.10 6.01 6.43 9.40 11.70 12.91 13.08 13.61 15.71 17.39 20.50 22.91
KOREA .29 1.00 .99 1.09 1.41 2.17 2.97 3.42 3.99 4.49 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) .82 2.68 2.81 2.86 2.89 3.44 4.15 4.60 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .37 1.50 1.53 1.80 2.31 2.84 3.40 3.87 4.25 4.85 4.84 5.12
BELGIUM 6.97 8.68 9.17 12.53 15.22 16.82 16.06 19.48 20.62 23.10 22.13 23.64
DENMARK 5.83 8.04 8.19 11.01 14.48 15.24 14.37 17.86 18.44 19.87 18.96 ..
FRANCE 4.68 7.20 7.48 10.21 12.34 13.11 12.75 15.50 15.47 17.06 16.47 17.18
GERMANY (1) 6.46 9.44 9.45 13.32 16.82 17.80 17.22 21.37 21.93 24.66 24.29 25.48
IRELAND 4.16 6.59 6.80 9.18 10.23 11.25 10.70 14.01 13.59 15.76 13.44 13.87
ITALY 5.71 8.25 8.56 12.12 14.76 15.68 16.30 20.24 20.50 21.29 17.62 17.87
PORTUGAL .. 1.89 2.02 2.72 3.26 3.77 3.86 .. .. .. .. ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.60 5.92 6.14 7.68 9.26 10.98 10.92 13.07 14.31 14.84 12.44 12.65r
TIRES AND INNER TUBES (US SIC 301)
UNITED STATES 8.03 18.25 19.05 19.67 20.04 20.29 21.63 22.82 24.62 25.38 26.55 27.39
TAIWAN .. 1.94 1.97 2.37 3.01 3.65 4.59 4.86 5.22 5.71 5.70 5.92
PORTUGAL 2.78 3.03 3.41 4.68 5.61 6.16 6.47 .. .. .. .. ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: AS NOTED BELOW, THE U.S. INDUSTRY INCLUDES SOME PLASTICS
PRODUCTS; THIS IS GENERALLY NOT TRUE FOR THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
UNITED STATES: INCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR & HOSE & BELTING.
JAPAN: INCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING RUBBER FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 54
RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 301-6) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 301-6) (1)
UNITED STATES (1) 6.62 13.74 14.16 14.53 14.86 14.79 15.37 16.12 16.91 17.59 18.12 18.28
CANADA .. 13.77 13.95 14.59 15.33 15.48 16.36 17.54 20.13 21.31 21.09 22.03
MEXICO .. .. 821 1269 2626 5273 6182 8255 10702 13039 14.41 15.60
JAPAN (1) 919 1426 1533 1582 1692 1655 1806 1973 2114 2205 2277 2341
KOREA 143 803 861 956 1157 1591 1992 2421 2924 3505 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 1.95 5.72 6.19 6.23 6.08 6.92 8.09 8.34 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 14.20 59.52 60.85 67.98 73.50 81.15 89.72 104.06 113.67 121.95 127.99 135.59
BELGIUM 255.89 501.19 544.30 559.76 568.67 618.67 633.04 651.08 705.37 742.72 765.18 790.38
DENMARK 33.46 83.26 86.85 89.09 99.17 102.76 105.18 110.57 118.10 119.95 122.96 ..
FRANCE 20.06 62.86 67.15 70.69 74.19 78.12 81.33 84.40 87.37 90.30 93.35 95.27
GERMANY (1) 15.86 26.87 27.81 28.91 30.24 31.28 32.40 34.55 36.43 38.52 40.20 41.33
IRELAND 1.87 6.07 6.38 6.84 6.87 7.37 7.54 8.45 8.42 9.25 9.18 9.27
ITALY 3728 14481 16349 18068 19149 20420 22370 24253 25437 26230 27711 28781
PORTUGAL .. 278.93 347.80 407.39 459.76 543.38 608.29 .. .. .. .. ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.62 4.43 4.73 5.23 5.65 6.16 6.66 7.33 8.10 8.40 8.28 8.26r
TIRES AND INNER TUBES (US SIC 301)
UNITED STATES 8.03 18.25 19.05 19.67 20.04 20.29 21.63 22.82 24.62 25.38 26.55 27.39
TAIWAN .. 76.82 78.61 89.87 95.99 104.39 121.33 130.80 139.61 143.66 150.61 156.79
PORTUGAL 70.84 447.92 586.68 701.67 792.64 888.98 1018.90 .. .. .. .. ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: AS NOTED BELOW, THE U.S. INDUSTRY INCLUDES SOME PLASTICS
PRODUCTS; THIS IS GENERALLY NOT TRUE FOR THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
UNITED STATES: INCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR & HOSE & BELTING.
JAPAN: INCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING RUBBER FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 55
PLASTICS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 308+) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES (1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 95 90 91 93 101 105 106 109 105 97 95
MEXICO .. .. 12 8 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 14
HONG KONG 12 14 14 15 16 18 20 22 26 27 30 32
JAPAN (1) 51 54 52 76 87 98 95 95 104 113 133 145
KOREA 7 12 12 13 15 18 25 27 31 34 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 13 23 22 19 20 22 26 29 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 13 13 14 18 21 25 28 30 35 35 36
BELGIUM 118 78 78 106 125 127 122 145 145 157 152 162
DENMARK 112 78 76 102 133 130 124 147 142 151 142 ..
FRANCE 79 66 66 88 102 103 96 112 107 115 109 113
GERMANY (1) 103 80 78 107 130 134 126 150 149 162 156 165
IRELAND 57 52 55 70 81 82 77 91 88 97 85 87
ITALY 87 70 71 99 116 119 120 143 139 141 114 115
NETHERLANDS 122 80 77 106 128 129 120 139 131 139 137 ..
PORTUGAL .. 14 14 19 23 24 25 .. .. .. .. ..
UNITED KINGDOM 59 53 53 65 74 82 78 92 94 96 82 82
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: AS NOTED BELOW, THE U.S. INDUSTRY (MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS
PRODUCTS SIC 308) EXCLUDES SOME PLASTICS PRODUCTS; THIS IS GENERALLY NOT
TRUE FOR THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
UNITED STATES: EXCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR & HOSE & BELTING.
JAPAN: EXCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 56
PLASTICS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 308+) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES (1) 5.23 10.24 10.59 10.80 11.19 11.63 11.97 12.47 12.99 13.36 13.58 13.66
CANADA .. 9.71 9.52 9.83 10.45 11.72 12.61 13.18 14.17 14.02 13.15 12.99
MEXICO .. .. 1.24 .83 .77 .90 1.06 1.20 1.46 1.72 1.98 1.98
HONG KONG .63 1.42 1.53 1.63 1.81 2.10 2.35 2.80 3.33 3.65 4.09 4.31
JAPAN (1) 2.69 5.55 5.52 8.21 9.68 11.37 11.33 11.84 13.55 15.13 18.01 19.86
KOREA .35 1.18 1.23 1.35 1.65 2.10 3.00 3.39 4.07 4.49 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) .68 2.32 2.29 2.10 2.22 2.57 3.09 3.63 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .35 1.28 1.33 1.54 1.99 2.47 3.05 3.43 3.92 4.63 4.75 4.96
BELGIUM 6.19 7.99 8.27 11.40 14.04 14.77 14.63 18.08 18.82 21.04 20.59 22.17
DENMARK 5.86 8.03 8.05 11.02 14.91 15.17 14.89 18.33 18.48 20.14 19.32 ..
FRANCE 4.12 6.72 7.00 9.46 11.37 11.93 11.55 13.96 13.93 15.35 14.75 15.43
GERMANY (1) 5.38 8.20 8.25 11.59 14.60 15.57 15.09 18.72 19.39 21.65 21.19 22.49
IRELAND 2.98 5.28 5.80 7.58 9.07 9.58 9.25 11.37 11.41 12.95 11.51 11.91
ITALY 4.55 7.21 7.51 10.64 13.00 13.85 14.41 17.87 18.08 18.78 15.54 15.76
NETHERLANDS 6.40 8.21 8.18 11.48 14.32 15.05 14.31 17.28 17.02 18.63 18.57 ..
PORTUGAL .. 1.41 1.50 2.08 2.52 2.81 2.94 .. .. .. .. ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.11 5.43 5.65 7.04 8.32 9.57 9.38 11.49 12.18 12.83 11.14 11.26
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: AS NOTED BELOW, THE U.S. INDUSTRY (MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS
PRODUCTS SIC 308) EXCLUDES SOME PLASTICS PRODUCTS; THIS IS GENERALLY NOT
TRUE FOR THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
UNITED STATES: EXCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR & HOSE & BELTING.
JAPAN: EXCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 57
PLASTICS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 308+) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES (1) 5.23 10.24 10.59 10.80 11.19 11.63 11.97 12.47 12.99 13.36 13.58 13.66
CANADA .. 12.58 13.01 13.66 13.86 14.43 14.93 15.38 16.24 16.95 16.96 17.74
MEXICO .. .. 319 506 1062 2053 2615 3387 4392 5311 6.17 6.67
HONG KONG 3.10 11.07 11.91 12.75 14.15 16.39 18.35 21.84 25.91 28.21 31.66 33.30
JAPAN (1) 797 1317 1317 1383 1399 1458 1565 1717 1824 1919 2001 2029
KOREA 170 955 1067 1191 1356 1536 2015 2399 2983 3508 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 1.60 4.95 5.04 4.56 4.67 5.16 6.03 6.58 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 13.23 50.77 52.87 58.09 63.31 70.63 80.56 92.39 104.97 116.45 125.38 131.20
BELGIUM 227.17 461.26 490.87 509.28 524.57 543.20 576.53 604.07 643.65 676.37 711.92 741.09
DENMARK 33.63 83.16 85.30 89.19 102.07 102.26 109.01 113.46 118.36 121.59 125.32 ..
FRANCE 17.62 58.68 62.83 65.53 68.33 71.07 73.69 76.07 78.68 81.27 83.58 85.59
GERMANY (1) 13.20 23.33 24.27 25.16 26.26 27.35 28.39 30.27 32.21 33.82 35.07 36.49
IRELAND 1.34 4.86 5.44 5.65 6.09 6.28 6.53 6.86 7.07 7.60 7.86 7.95
ITALY 2969 12665 14341 15868 16866 18029 19771 21406 22435 23138 24444 25390
NETHERLANDS 16.15 26.33 27.15 28.10 29.02 29.78 30.36 31.49 31.86 32.77 34.50 ..
PORTUGAL .. 207.91 258.95 310.96 355.95 404.98 462.64 .. .. .. .. ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.40 4.06 4.35 4.80 5.08 5.37 5.72 6.44 6.89 7.27 7.42 7.35
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: AS NOTED BELOW, THE U.S. INDUSTRY (MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS
PRODUCTS SIC 308) EXCLUDES SOME PLASTICS PRODUCTS; THIS IS GENERALLY NOT
TRUE FOR THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
UNITED STATES: EXCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR & HOSE & BELTING.
JAPAN: EXCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: EXCLUDING PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 58
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 32 & ISIC 36)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 91 86 86 91 98 105 106 112 110 102 95
MEXICO .. .. 12 8 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 15
ISRAEL 40 33 27 35 42 51 49 52 49 49 48 51
JAPAN 48 50 50 72 81 93 89 87 98 105 120 131
KOREA 6 11 11 11 13 18 25 29 33 36 37 40
SINGAPORE 16 22 21 18 18 20 24 27 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 12 12 13 17 20 24 26 27 32 32 32
AUSTRIA 73 60 60 83 100 104 101 122 120 131 127 132
BELGIUM 103 69 70 94 113 113 108 129 128 139 133 139
DENMARK 99 62 62 85 109 110 103 123 119 127 117 ..
FINLAND (1) 72 57 59 76 92 104 110 133 126 114 91 99
FRANCE 75 59 60 81 94 97 91 107 103 111 104 107
GERMANY (1) 96 70 68 93 114 118 110 133 133 145 140 145
GREECE 28 33 31 34 38 40 41 49 47 51 47 49
IRELAND 57 52 55 76 88 90 85 99 98 102 89 89
ITALY 69 55 57 76 91 94 95 113 115 120 95 93
NETHERLANDS 103 66 66 89 108 109 101 118 115 125 121 ..
NORWAY .. 77 78 98 121 127 123 139 134 139 117 120
PORTUGAL 25 12 12 16 19 21 22 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 58 72 76 82 68 67
SWEDEN 111 70 72 91 109 119 120 140 141 150 104 109
SWITZERLAND 96 76 73 102 124 127 114 138 138 144 138 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 49 44 44 53 60 70 67 79 83 83 69 71
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 59
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 32 & ISIC 36)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.43 13.04 13.31 13.59 13.94 14.37 14.77 15.30 15.85 16.27 16.67 16.97
CANADA .. 11.83 11.48 11.74 12.70 14.10 15.47 16.22 17.79 17.90 17.02 16.08
MEXICO .. .. 1.62 1.08 1.02 1.19 1.39 1.54 1.79 2.12 2.46 2.52
ISRAEL 2.54 4.33 3.64 4.69 5.90 7.31 7.24 7.89 7.70 8.03 7.99 8.58
JAPAN 3.07 6.54 6.69 9.75 11.24 13.36 13.08 13.26 15.48 17.10 19.95 22.26
KOREA .39 1.46 1.49 1.53 1.87 2.64 3.69 4.38 5.27 5.81 6.14 6.72
SINGAPORE 1.03 2.88 2.80 2.41 2.46 2.81 3.54 4.19 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .44 1.50 1.55 1.79 2.32 2.92 3.53 3.93 4.28 5.21 5.26 5.42
AUSTRIA 4.71 7.84 8.01 11.28 13.92 14.99 14.87 18.63 19.00 21.31 21.14 22.38
BELGIUM 6.61 8.95 9.27 12.84 15.80 16.26 15.88 19.73 20.34 22.69 22.12 23.52
DENMARK 6.34 8.09 8.20 11.53 15.17 15.81 15.25 18.78 18.86 20.66 19.56 ..
FINLAND (1) 4.62 7.44 7.79 10.27 12.84 14.91 16.21 20.40 19.99 18.56 15.11 16.85
FRANCE 4.83 7.69 7.94 11.02 13.14 13.93 13.43 16.32 16.30 18.08 17.41 18.22
GERMANY (1) 6.19 9.07 9.00 12.58 15.87 16.91 16.30 20.34 21.02 23.55 23.26 24.62
GREECE 1.79 4.33 4.12 4.61 5.27 5.73 6.01 7.49 7.43 8.30 7.88 8.40
IRELAND 3.64 6.75 7.36 10.36 12.29 12.95 12.51 15.19 15.53 16.66 14.81 15.05
ITALY 4.46 7.16 7.53 10.27 12.68 13.53 14.05 17.27 18.28 19.46 15.86 15.77
NETHERLANDS 6.61 8.60 8.74 12.14 15.05 15.62 14.87 18.03 18.15 20.36 20.09 ..
NORWAY .. 10.02 10.32 13.26 16.82 18.29 18.20 21.32 21.27 22.60 19.45 20.33
PORTUGAL 1.59 1.54 1.59 2.17 2.64 2.95 3.21 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.51 11.05 12.04 13.28 11.41 11.38
SWEDEN 7.12 9.16 9.64 12.43 15.15 17.08 17.76 21.44 22.32 24.43 17.41 18.54
SWITZERLAND 6.17 9.86 9.76 13.92 17.33 18.25 16.91 21.05 21.86 23.39 23.06 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.18 5.79 5.91 7.20 8.42 10.07 9.86 12.05 13.08 13.46 11.53 12.05
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 60
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 32 & ISIC 36)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.43 13.04 13.31 13.59 13.94 14.37 14.77 15.30 15.85 16.27 16.67 16.97
CANADA .. 15.32 15.69 16.32 16.84 17.36 18.31 18.93 20.38 21.64 21.96 21.97
MEXICO .. .. 417 659 1409 2709 3418 4322 5396 6558 7.65 8.51
ISRAEL 1.62 1269.72 4.29 6.98 9.41 11.69 13.87 15.90 17.54 19.74 22.60 25.82
JAPAN 910 1553 1597 1642 1625 1713 1807 1922 2083 2168 2216 2275
KOREA 189 1174 1298 1347 1534 1933 2479 3098 3863 4538 4930 5400
SINGAPORE 2.44 6.15 6.15 5.24 5.17 5.64 6.91 7.59 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 16.65 59.49 61.92 67.66 73.87 83.47 93.26 105.86 114.46 131.14 139.03 143.48
AUSTRIA 81.92 156.88 165.68 172.15 176.04 185.23 196.89 211.07 222.11 234.17 246.11 255.30
BELGIUM 242.59 516.97 550.18 573.56 590.31 598.02 625.93 659.42 695.71 729.59 765.07 786.39
DENMARK 36.35 83.71 86.89 93.30 103.90 106.60 111.66 116.27 120.75 124.71 126.86 ..
FINLAND (1) 16.91 44.67 48.30 52.11 56.54 62.52 69.65 78.14 81.00 83.28 86.51 88.17
FRANCE 20.68 67.18 71.28 76.31 79.00 83.00 85.71 88.88 92.07 95.70 98.65 101.07
GERMANY (1) 15.19 25.82 26.47 27.29 28.53 29.72 30.66 32.89 34.92 36.79 38.50 39.93
GREECE 58 488 568 645 714 814 976 1187 1354 1582 1808 2038
IRELAND 1.64 6.21 6.91 7.73 8.26 8.49 8.83 9.17 9.62 9.78 10.11 10.05
ITALY 2913 12567 14384 15317 16444 17619 19274 20686 22686 23970 24954 25413
NETHERLANDS 16.68 27.60 28.99 29.71 30.50 30.89 31.55 32.84 33.97 35.82 37.32 ..
NORWAY .. 81.75 88.67 98.09 113.36 119.32 125.83 133.34 138.08 140.41 138.07 143.43
PORTUGAL 40.45 227.14 273.37 324.52 372.80 426.04 505.27 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1007 1127 1252 1360 1454 1524
SWEDEN 29.51 75.74 82.90 88.62 96.16 104.84 114.63 126.97 135.05 142.34 135.76 143.07
SWITZERLAND 15.93 23.17 23.96 25.03 25.86 26.72 27.68 29.26 31.40 32.89 34.08 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.43 4.33 4.55 4.91 5.13 5.66 6.02 6.75 7.40 7.62 7.68 7.86
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 61
GLASS AND GLASSWARE MANUFACTURING (US SIC 321-3)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 82 78 78 82 91 95 96 101 96 87 81
MEXICO .. .. 11 8 7 9 10 11 12 14 16 16
JAPAN (1) 56 60 55 79 91 110 103 99 111 119 125 139
KOREA 7 11 11 12 16 22 29 31 35 36 .. ..
TAIWAN 8 13 13 15 18 21 24 25 26 29 29 29
AUSTRIA 69 57 57 79 95 99 94 113 113 123 119 121
BELGIUM 100 65 65 87 104 106 100 118 118 127 119 129
DENMARK 91 56 54 72 95 98 92 109 105 115 104 ..
FRANCE 80 58 58 78 91 95 90 105 100 107 100 102
GERMANY (1) 90 67 64 87 108 114 106 128 127 138 130 136
ITALY 75 54 55 74 90 95 98 117 120 123 98 97
PORTUGAL 28 14 15 19 23 25 27 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 59 75 79 84 68 66
UNITED KINGDOM 50 45 42 51 60 71 68 80 84 81 68 67
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 62
GLASS AND GLASSWARE MANUFACTURING (US SIC 321-3)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.86 14.20 14.68 15.03 15.28 15.44 15.84 16.53 17.15 17.73 18.39 18.77
CANADA .. 11.70 11.44 11.67 12.52 14.01 15.04 15.92 17.38 16.97 16.08 15.21
MEXICO .. .. 1.68 1.21 1.13 1.42 1.61 1.76 2.06 2.44 2.98 2.99
JAPAN (1) 3.87 8.48 8.02 11.81 13.93 16.92 16.38 16.38 18.97 21.05 23.06 26.00
KOREA .46 1.57 1.68 1.74 2.37 3.45 4.61 5.13 5.97 6.33 .. ..
TAIWAN .54 1.84 1.89 2.19 2.75 3.31 3.75 4.17 4.49 5.15 5.31 5.43
AUSTRIA 4.71 8.10 8.40 11.87 14.46 15.30 14.93 18.76 19.30 21.82 21.81 22.77
BELGIUM 6.88 9.30 9.49 13.10 15.85 16.40 15.85 19.43 20.16 22.59 21.93 24.12
DENMARK 6.27 7.89 7.93 10.84 14.59 15.16 14.60 18.07 17.97 20.31 19.21 ..
FRANCE 5.47 8.27 8.46 11.68 13.95 14.73 14.21 17.28 17.20 18.98 18.30 19.10
GERMANY (1) 6.19 9.52 9.43 13.05 16.51 17.59 16.85 21.24 21.71 24.43 23.86 25.49
ITALY 5.12 7.68 8.11 11.07 13.69 14.74 15.57 19.31 20.54 21.87 18.08 18.18
PORTUGAL 1.91 2.01 2.14 2.90 3.51 3.86 4.24 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.38 12.40 13.49 14.89 12.59 12.45
UNITED KINGDOM 3.42 6.36 6.20 7.68 9.12 11.03 10.77 13.15 14.40 14.37 12.46 12.58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 63
GLASS AND GLASSWARE MANUFACTURING (US SIC 321-3)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.86 14.20 14.68 15.03 15.28 15.44 15.84 16.53 17.15 17.73 18.39 18.77
CANADA .. 15.16 15.62 16.22 16.60 17.25 17.81 18.58 19.92 20.51 20.74 20.77
MEXICO .. .. 431 739 1562 3221 3968 4958 6220 7565 9.30 10.08
JAPAN (1) 1149 2012 1913 1989 2014 2169 2262 2375 2553 2669 2562 2658
KOREA 225 1267 1462 1536 1950 2524 3097 3633 4380 4943 .. ..
TAIWAN 20.40 72.98 75.21 82.80 87.40 94.63 99.00 112.14 120.07 129.46 140.21 143.66
AUSTRIA 81.89 161.93 173.63 181.13 182.94 189.15 197.71 212.50 225.62 239.76 253.91 259.84
BELGIUM 252.50 537.01 563.10 585.19 592.07 603.24 624.72 649.29 689.51 726.20 758.40 806.31
DENMARK 35.96 81.63 84.01 87.77 99.88 102.23 106.85 111.85 115.10 122.61 124.62 ..
FRANCE 23.44 72.28 76.00 80.93 83.85 87.80 90.69 94.13 97.14 100.48 103.73 105.91
GERMANY (1) 15.20 27.08 27.74 28.32 29.69 30.91 31.69 34.35 36.06 38.16 39.50 41.34
ITALY 3341 13491 15477 16507 17758 19187 21360 23133 25484 26946 28437 29283
PORTUGAL 48.52 297.59 367.64 434.14 495.44 557.06 667.80 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1110 1265 1403 1525 1605 1668
UNITED KINGDOM 1.54 4.76 4.78 5.23 5.56 6.19 6.58 7.37 8.15 8.13 8.30 8.21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 64
POTTERY AND RELATED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 326)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
MEXICO .. .. 10 6 6 7 8 9 11 13 13 15
JAPAN (1) 46 47 51 76 86 92 89 87 99 106 123 133
KOREA 5 8 8 8 10 13 17 20 25 27 .. ..
TAIWAN 6 10 11 12 15 19 23 25 26 31 31 33
AUSTRIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
BELGIUM 111 69 69 95 116 113 108 130 129 142 139 142
DENMARK 119 73 67 93 123 123 115 138 136 147 137 ..
FRANCE 77 59 59 82 96 96 91 106 104 113 108 111
GERMANY (1) 109 73 69 94 118 119 112 134 134 147 144 146
ITALY 90 63 63 85 103 105 106 126 130 136 110 106
PORTUGAL 24 12 12 15 19 20 21 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 64 79 84 91 74 72
UNITED KINGDOM 53 45 44 52 62 68 64 78 84 86 74 76
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING STONE PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 65
POTTERY AND RELATED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 326)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.35 11.31 11.88 12.13 12.26 12.88 13.16 13.63 13.94 14.24 14.38 14.82
MEXICO .. .. 1.15 .76 .79 .96 1.09 1.24 1.53 1.82 1.91 2.20
JAPAN (1) 2.46 5.35 6.02 9.17 10.56 11.89 11.73 11.84 13.77 15.05 17.65 19.65
KOREA .29 .96 .93 .97 1.23 1.69 2.24 2.78 3.48 3.88 .. ..
TAIWAN .34 1.14 1.26 1.41 1.86 2.40 3.02 3.36 3.65 4.40 4.42 4.82
AUSTRIA (1) 4.71 7.76 7.91 11.17 13.90 15.00 14.90 18.59 18.94 21.23 20.90 22.23
BELGIUM 5.96 7.80 8.21 11.48 14.21 14.52 14.20 17.72 18.05 20.27 19.92 21.04
DENMARK 6.35 8.22 7.99 11.34 15.07 15.87 15.14 18.75 18.94 20.90 19.71 ..
FRANCE 4.13 6.64 6.96 9.89 11.73 12.39 11.96 14.50 14.53 16.16 15.55 16.40
GERMANY (1) 5.82 8.24 8.20 11.43 14.42 15.35 14.80 18.23 18.69 20.93 20.72 21.68
ITALY 4.82 7.14 7.54 10.27 12.63 13.52 13.94 17.17 18.18 19.42 15.87 15.66
PORTUGAL 1.30 1.33 1.37 1.87 2.29 2.56 2.79 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.39 10.75 11.65 12.97 10.67 10.66
UNITED KINGDOM 2.84 5.05 5.25 6.26 7.55 8.76 8.37 10.63 11.75 12.27 10.59 11.23
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING STONE PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 66
POTTERY AND RELATED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 326)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.35 11.31 11.88 12.13 12.26 12.88 13.16 13.63 13.94 14.24 14.38 14.82
MEXICO .. .. 295 466 1090 2176 2681 3479 4629 5619 5.96 7.43
JAPAN (1) 731 1270 1435 1545 1527 1525 1620 1717 1854 1909 1961 2008
KOREA 140 776 809 853 1009 1235 1504 1969 2550 3032 .. ..
TAIWAN 12.74 45.09 50.26 53.48 59.22 68.50 79.86 90.56 97.78 110.70 116.86 127.50
AUSTRIA (1) 81.95 155.20 163.60 170.38 175.81 185.44 197.29 210.68 221.41 233.33 243.25 253.60
BELGIUM 218.85 450.52 487.32 512.81 530.73 534.15 559.44 592.25 617.19 651.70 688.81 703.38
DENMARK 36.42 85.04 84.67 91.79 103.21 106.96 110.81 116.05 121.31 126.15 127.82 ..
FRANCE 17.69 58.03 62.54 68.52 70.51 73.84 76.32 79.00 82.06 85.56 88.13 90.95
GERMANY (1) 14.28 23.45 24.11 24.81 25.93 26.97 27.84 29.48 31.05 32.69 34.28 35.16
ITALY 3147 12546 14385 15312 16387 17602 19128 20568 22559 23925 24962 25224
PORTUGAL 33.15 196.81 235.65 279.94 323.36 368.87 439.89 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 994 1097 1212 1328 1361 1427
UNITED KINGDOM 1.28 3.78 4.05 4.27 4.60 4.92 5.11 5.96 6.65 6.95 7.05 7.33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING STONE PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 67
PRIMARY METAL MANUFACTURING (US SIC 33 & ISIC 37)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 86 82 82 88 96 105 107 110 107 101 94
MEXICO .. .. 14 9 9 10 13 13 13 16 16 17
AUSTRALIA 71 65 53 56 61 71 78 77 77 70 65 75
ISRAEL 30 30 27 32 36 40 38 39 37 35 34 35
JAPAN 51 53 53 76 88 100 99 97 103 112 126 134
KOREA 6 11 11 11 14 18 26 28 34 34 35 37
SINGAPORE 11 19 20 18 19 20 22 24 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 10 11 13 17 22 28 29 32 34 32 32
AUSTRIA 65 52 53 74 94 95 91 108 104 112 107 111
BELGIUM 90 62 62 84 102 103 99 120 118 127 120 127
DENMARK 75 46 45 60 78 79 74 88 85 89 83 ..
FINLAND 58 53 54 71 88 91 97 123 124 102 83 94
FRANCE 61 50 50 67 79 81 78 91 87 93 86 88
GERMANY (1) 80 60 61 83 103 107 104 121 119 128 123 127
GREECE 30 36 32 37 40 44 47 55 53 55 49 50
IRELAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
ITALY 62 50 51 69 85 87 89 104 105 106 83 82
LUXEMBOURG 81 49 48 65 79 85 84 98 95 100 94 ..
NETHERLANDS 89 59 56 77 97 100 93 111 108 116 108 ..
NORWAY .. 62 63 79 96 104 101 116 112 115 97 100
PORTUGAL 26 12 12 17 19 21 21 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 62 75 78 84 69 67
SWEDEN 93 59 60 77 92 98 101 116 113 117 84 88
UNITED KINGDOM 42 38 38 47 56 63 61 70 72 73 60 61
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: EXCLUDING FOUNDRIES.
SPAIN: EXCLUDING FOUNDRIES.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 68
PRIMARY METAL MANUFACTURING (US SIC 33 & ISIC 37)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 8.80 17.12 17.63 17.83 18.10 18.74 18.92 19.72 20.73 21.54 22.29 22.80
CANADA .. 14.68 14.53 14.57 15.94 17.95 19.78 21.08 22.84 23.05 22.59 21.40
MEXICO .. .. 2.45 1.61 1.60 1.89 2.45 2.63 2.76 3.44 3.66 3.79
AUSTRALIA 6.28 11.21 9.35 10.00 11.11 13.24 14.69 15.27 15.98 15.18 14.48 17.16
ISRAEL 2.65 5.21 4.76 5.75 6.44 7.56 7.20 7.71 7.76 7.63 7.69 7.99
JAPAN 4.48 9.14 9.37 13.51 15.86 18.76 18.73 19.04 21.44 24.03 28.02 30.60
KOREA .49 1.80 1.89 1.95 2.46 3.40 4.90 5.52 7.03 7.39 7.88 8.42
SINGAPORE .96 3.30 3.52 3.29 3.47 3.79 4.09 4.77 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .58 1.76 2.00 2.28 3.06 4.11 5.24 5.81 6.58 7.22 7.03 7.28
AUSTRIA 5.68 8.90 9.30 13.12 17.08 17.79 17.29 21.24 21.59 24.03 23.95 25.32
BELGIUM 7.93 10.55 10.98 15.05 18.44 19.28 18.82 23.69 24.44 27.34 26.83 28.94
DENMARK 6.64 7.89 7.93 10.68 14.13 14.78 14.01 17.27 17.53 19.18 18.58 ..
FINLAND 5.13 9.11 9.57 12.73 15.98 17.00 18.44 24.18 25.80 21.96 18.52 21.51
FRANCE 5.35 8.49 8.73 12.00 14.33 15.11 14.77 17.94 18.04 19.99 19.16 20.17
GERMANY (1) 7.04 10.32 10.70 14.79 18.67 20.03 19.61 23.90 24.57 27.59 27.34 28.99
GREECE 2.66 6.11 5.67 6.59 7.19 8.33 8.91 10.84 10.91 11.88 11.00 11.39
IRELAND (1) 3.36 6.82 7.31 9.19 10.80 11.52 11.39 14.17 14.76 16.41 15.28 14.88
ITALY 5.49 8.58 8.93 12.25 15.30 16.38 16.77 20.49 21.79 22.85 18.60 18.62
LUXEMBOURG 7.09 8.47 8.38 11.63 14.35 15.93 15.90 19.38 19.76 21.56 20.92 ..
NETHERLANDS 7.83 10.11 9.92 13.81 17.61 18.72 17.66 21.86 22.32 24.92 24.18 ..
NORWAY .. 10.64 11.14 14.02 17.32 19.41 19.18 22.85 23.28 24.84 21.64 22.73
PORTUGAL 2.25 1.99 2.13 2.99 3.45 3.89 3.94 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 11.76 14.73 16.12 18.08 15.45 15.37
SWEDEN 8.16 10.07 10.62 13.72 16.62 18.42 19.20 22.79 23.42 25.25 18.70 20.06
UNITED KINGDOM 3.70 6.54 6.74 8.41 10.06 11.79 11.60 13.75 14.85 15.63 13.37 13.91
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: EXCLUDING FOUNDRIES.
SPAIN: EXCLUDING FOUNDRIES.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 69
PRIMARY METAL MANUFACTURING (US SIC 33 & ISIC 37)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 8.80 17.12 17.63 17.83 18.10 18.74 18.92 19.72 20.73 21.54 22.29 22.80
CANADA .. 19.01 19.85 20.25 21.14 22.09 23.42 24.60 26.17 27.87 29.14 29.23
MEXICO .. .. 629 987 2201 4301 6028 7397 8322 10660 11.40 12.78
AUSTRALIA 4.80 12.75 13.35 14.90 15.84 16.88 18.56 19.56 20.52 20.64 21.30 23.46
ISRAEL 1.70 1526.52 5.61 8.55 10.27 12.08 13.79 15.55 17.68 18.77 21.77 24.07
JAPAN 1329 2171 2235 2276 2293 2405 2587 2761 2886 3046 3113 3127
KOREA 238 1453 1645 1719 2028 2485 3292 3910 5156 5770 6324 6768
SINGAPORE 2.27 7.03 7.74 7.15 7.32 7.62 7.98 8.64 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 22.17 69.74 79.84 86.12 97.53 117.65 138.45 156.46 176.09 181.67 185.82 192.69
AUSTRIA 98.83 178.02 192.43 200.29 216.01 219.89 228.93 240.70 252.38 264.06 278.83 288.90
BELGIUM 291.07 609.17 651.69 672.12 688.89 709.23 741.56 791.63 835.85 878.90 927.67 967.42
DENMARK 38.09 81.68 84.01 86.43 96.73 99.66 102.60 106.93 112.24 115.77 120.50 ..
FINLAND 18.79 54.67 59.31 64.58 70.39 71.26 79.24 92.60 104.54 98.55 106.04 112.61
FRANCE 22.89 74.17 78.44 83.13 86.17 90.04 94.24 97.74 101.89 105.80 108.58 111.86
GERMANY (1) 17.28 29.35 31.49 32.09 33.56 35.20 36.88 38.65 40.81 43.10 45.25 47.02
GREECE 86 688 783 923 973 1182 1446 1718 1990 2264 2522 2763
IRELAND (1) 1.51 6.27 6.86 6.85 7.26 7.55 8.04 8.55 9.15 9.63 10.43 9.94
ITALY 3581 15065 17048 18261 19843 21324 23009 24543 27037 28147 29252 30002
LUXEMBOURG 261 489 497 520 536 586 627 648 675 693 724 ..
NETHERLANDS 19.75 32.43 32.91 33.80 35.68 37.03 37.48 39.83 41.79 43.84 44.93 ..
NORWAY .. 86.78 95.76 103.71 116.78 126.64 132.58 142.90 151.14 154.36 153.62 160.36
PORTUGAL 57.34 294.33 367.39 447.51 487.21 561.66 620.76 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1393 1502 1676 1852 1970 2058
SWEDEN 33.78 83.25 91.40 97.79 105.47 113.05 123.96 135.00 141.75 147.09 145.82 154.77
UNITED KINGDOM 1.67 4.89 5.20 5.73 6.14 6.62 7.08 7.71 8.40 8.85 8.90 9.08
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: EXCLUDING FOUNDRIES.
SPAIN: EXCLUDING FOUNDRIES.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 70
IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING (US SIC 331)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING (US SIC 331)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 76 71 70 75 79 85 87 90 86 79 73
JAPAN (1) 51 54 51 74 86 96 97 95 98 106 112 119
KOREA .. 10 10 10 12 16 24 26 31 31 .. ..
AUSTRIA 58 46 46 64 82 81 79 95 91 97 91 92
BELGIUM 79 53 52 70 82 82 81 98 96 103 94 97
FRANCE 56 44 43 58 68 69 68 80 76 80 72 72
GERMANY (1) 71 53 52 70 87 88 87 102 99 106 99 100
ITALY 56 44 43 57 70 71 73 87 87 87 66 63
LUXEMBOURG 70 42 39 53 64 67 67 83 80 83 75 ..
NETHERLANDS 80 53 49 67 83 83 79 96 93 99 89 ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 63 65 70 55 53
UNITED KINGDOM 38 34 33 41 49 54 54 61 61 62 47 49
IRON AND STEEL INCLUDING FOUNDRIES (US SIC 331-2)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 81 76 76 82 87 94 95 99 95 89 82
MEXICO .. .. 13 9 9 10 13 14 14 17 17 17
AUSTRALIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
JAPAN 50 53 51 73 83 94 95 93 98 107 117 124
KOREA 5 10 10 10 13 17 25 27 33 33 .. ..
TAIWAN 6 10 10 12 15 20 26 28 30 31 29 29
PORTUGAL 26 12 12 16 18 20 20 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 87 55 55 71 83 89 93 105 103 105 75 77
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
AUSTRALIA: PRIMARY METALS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 71
IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING (US SIC 331)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING (US SIC 331)
UNITED STATES 10.26 20.21 21.38 21.86 22.53 23.72 23.60 24.28 25.76 26.98 28.92 30.25
CANADA .. 15.34 15.15 15.38 16.98 18.63 20.08 21.21 23.27 23.25 22.83 21.99
JAPAN (1) 5.21 11.01 10.99 16.20 19.41 22.80 22.84 23.11 25.36 28.62 32.42 35.85
KOREA .. 2.12 2.22 2.17 2.71 3.89 5.55 6.30 8.09 8.38 .. ..
AUSTRIA 5.92 9.35 9.90 14.04 18.50 19.21 18.64 23.00 23.36 26.12 26.30 27.84
BELGIUM 8.06 10.72 11.17 15.34 18.56 19.48 19.05 23.88 24.72 27.69 27.14 29.30
FRANCE 5.74 8.85 9.18 12.74 15.30 16.31 16.01 19.43 19.55 21.64 20.70 21.79
GERMANY (1) 7.31 10.63 11.17 15.39 19.49 20.89 20.47 24.78 25.49 28.66 28.51 30.19
ITALY 5.75 8.86 9.20 12.55 15.72 16.84 17.22 21.03 22.37 23.44 19.07 19.11
LUXEMBOURG 7.15 8.49 8.40 11.66 14.38 15.96 15.89 20.25 20.69 22.41 21.71 ..
NETHERLANDS 8.24 10.74 10.48 14.56 18.66 19.76 18.74 23.36 23.90 26.64 25.79 ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 12.19 15.19 16.74 18.87 16.05 15.91
UNITED KINGDOM 3.88 6.91 7.16 9.02 10.97 12.87 12.74 14.74 15.72 16.81 13.70 14.85
IRON AND STEEL INCLUDING FOUNDRIES (US SIC 331-2)
UNITED STATES 9.42 18.50 19.40 19.70 20.16 20.99 20.99 21.84 23.08 24.04 25.31 26.23
CANADA .. 14.92 14.79 14.99 16.49 18.20 19.70 20.82 22.89 22.92 22.45 21.52
MEXICO .. .. 2.61 1.72 1.73 2.00 2.71 3.00 3.12 4.01 4.34 4.52
AUSTRALIA (1) 6.28 11.21 9.35 10.00 11.11 13.24 14.69 15.27 15.98 15.18 14.48 17.16
JAPAN 4.71 9.74 9.95 14.35 16.81 19.80 20.00 20.21 22.68 25.66 29.60 32.45
KOREA .49 1.87 1.97 2.04 2.59 3.63 5.21 5.92 7.59 7.87 .. ..
TAIWAN .58 1.76 1.99 2.29 3.10 4.21 5.42 6.08 6.92 7.50 7.38 7.59
PORTUGAL 2.42 2.15 2.29 3.19 3.69 4.19 4.16 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 8.21 10.13 10.73 13.90 16.82 18.68 19.58 23.04 23.80 25.34 18.87 20.07
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
AUSTRALIA: PRIMARY METALS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 72
IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING (US SIC 331)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING (US SIC 331)
UNITED STATES 10.26 20.21 21.38 21.86 22.53 23.72 23.60 24.28 25.76 26.98 28.92 30.25
CANADA .. 19.87 20.69 21.37 22.51 22.93 23.78 24.75 26.66 28.11 29.45 30.04
JAPAN (1) 1546 2613 2621 2728 2806 2924 3154 3351 3413 3629 3602 3664
KOREA .. 1711 1932 1911 2230 2844 3725 4457 5930 6541 .. ..
AUSTRIA 103.00 187.02 204.81 214.26 234.04 237.39 246.75 260.64 273.04 287.06 306.12 317.69
BELGIUM 295.68 618.81 663.12 685.00 693.44 716.32 750.61 798.23 845.41 890.18 938.45 979.66
FRANCE 24.58 77.33 82.44 88.22 91.99 97.21 102.12 105.82 110.40 114.57 117.29 120.83
GERMANY (1) 17.94 30.23 32.85 33.39 35.04 36.71 38.50 40.06 42.34 44.76 47.18 48.96
ITALY 3753 15565 17556 18709 20384 21924 23622 25193 27757 28883 29989 30779
LUXEMBOURG 263 491 499 521 537 587 626 677 707 721 751 ..
NETHERLANDS 20.79 34.46 34.78 35.65 37.80 39.09 39.76 42.56 44.74 46.86 47.93 ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1444 1550 1741 1932 2047 2131
UNITED KINGDOM 1.74 5.17 5.52 6.14 6.69 7.23 7.77 8.26 8.90 9.52 9.13 9.70
IRON AND STEEL INCLUDING FOUNDRIES (US SIC 331-2)
UNITED STATES 9.42 18.50 19.40 19.70 20.16 20.99 20.99 21.84 23.08 24.04 25.31 26.23
CANADA .. 19.33 20.20 20.84 21.87 22.41 23.33 24.29 26.23 27.71 28.96 29.40
MEXICO .. .. 670 1054 2382 4541 6660 8427 9428 12403 13.51 15.24
AUSTRALIA (1) 4.80 12.75 13.35 14.90 15.84 16.88 18.56 19.56 20.52 20.64 21.30 23.46
JAPAN 1397 2312 2374 2417 2431 2538 2761 2930 3053 3254 3288 3317
KOREA 238 1508 1710 1801 2133 2652 3499 4188 5570 6146 .. ..
TAIWAN 21.95 69.51 79.33 86.81 98.76 120.51 143.12 163.65 185.16 188.71 194.85 200.95
PORTUGAL 61.49 317.64 394.31 478.02 520.60 605.18 655.81 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 34.02 83.82 92.29 99.07 106.74 114.65 126.40 136.49 144.04 147.64 147.12 154.82
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
AUSTRALIA: PRIMARY METALS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 73
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 333-5)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 333-5)
UNITED STATES (1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
BELGIUM 99 64 66 90 111 114 107 131 128 139 135 144
DENMARK .. 53 49 69 94 93 83 98 95 99 92 ..
FRANCE 65 51 52 71 84 86 81 95 91 98 93 98
GERMANY (1) 84 60 61 85 107 112 107 127 125 138 135 142
ITALY 64 48 50 69 87 92 92 107 109 111 89 89
NETHERLANDS 91 56 57 80 100 105 95 109 106 116 112 ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 62 75 77 83 71 71
UNITED KINGDOM 46 39 40 49 57 65 61 72 75 74 63 64
NONFERROUS METALS INCLUDING FOUNDRIES (US SIC 333-6)
UNITED STATES (1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 92 90 89 96 110 121 125 127 125 121 112
MEXICO .. .. 11 7 7 9 10 10 11 14 15 15
JAPAN 52 50 52 74 88 104 98 97 105 111 132 142
KOREA 7 10 10 11 14 18 26 28 30 32 .. ..
TAIWAN 8 11 13 14 18 23 28 28 29 33 30 32
PORTUGAL 23 9 10 13 16 18 18 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 105 63 66 85 103 110 110 128 123 133 97 106
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
UNITED STATES: EXCLUDING SECONDARY SMELTING & REFINING (US SIC 334).
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 74
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 333-5)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 333-5)
UNITED STATES (1) 8.00 16.70 16.70 16.65 16.71 17.11 17.57 18.33 19.21 19.75 19.99 20.18
BELGIUM 7.95 10.68 11.03 15.01 18.62 19.44 18.87 23.97 24.57 27.50 27.07 28.98
DENMARK .. 8.79 8.22 11.53 15.64 15.92 14.65 17.88 18.19 19.62 18.46 ..
FRANCE 5.18 8.52 8.70 11.83 14.05 14.66 14.31 17.42 17.47 19.39 18.69 19.73
GERMANY (1) 6.70 10.04 10.19 14.09 17.87 19.22 18.77 23.34 24.07 27.19 27.00 28.68
ITALY 5.14 7.96 8.34 11.56 14.57 15.74 16.12 19.68 20.97 21.97 17.87 17.90
NETHERLANDS 7.29 9.41 9.48 13.31 16.74 18.02 16.73 20.07 20.29 22.87 22.37 ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.91 13.77 14.86 16.45 14.22 14.29
UNITED KINGDOM 3.70 6.48 6.62 8.17 9.58 11.13 10.79 13.28 14.34 14.71 12.63 13.00
NONFERROUS METALS INCLUDING FOUNDRIES (US SIC 333-6)
UNITED STATES (1) 7.44 15.57 15.60 15.63 15.68 15.99 16.42 17.17 17.99 18.66 18.83 18.93
CANADA .. 14.27 14.11 13.86 15.00 17.51 19.92 21.44 22.76 23.24 22.78 21.23
MEXICO .. .. 1.67 1.16 1.10 1.46 1.67 1.76 2.04 2.57 2.78 2.81
JAPAN 3.87 7.76 8.05 11.63 13.78 16.55 16.12 16.62 18.89 20.70 24.79 26.97
KOREA .51 1.59 1.62 1.68 2.19 2.90 4.32 4.83 5.44 5.94 .. ..
TAIWAN .62 1.79 2.05 2.18 2.90 3.69 4.52 4.79 5.30 6.11 5.68 6.09
PORTUGAL 1.69 1.46 1.56 2.06 2.54 2.80 3.02 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 7.82 9.83 10.23 13.22 16.10 17.61 18.13 21.92 22.19 24.87 18.19 19.98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
UNITED STATES: EXCLUDING SECONDARY SMELTING & REFINING (US SIC 334).
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 75
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 333-5)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 333-5)
UNITED STATES (1) 8.00 16.70 16.70 16.65 16.71 17.11 17.57 18.33 19.21 19.75 19.99 20.18
BELGIUM 291.66 616.73 654.71 670.48 695.71 715.11 743.63 801.08 840.13 884.05 935.94 968.86
DENMARK .. 91.01 87.12 93.33 107.10 107.34 107.28 110.69 116.46 118.45 119.74 ..
FRANCE 22.17 74.46 78.09 81.93 84.46 87.37 91.30 94.87 98.64 102.65 105.92 109.43
GERMANY (1) 16.45 28.56 29.99 30.57 32.13 33.76 35.31 37.74 39.98 42.48 44.68 46.52
ITALY 3353 13972 15930 17230 18899 20494 22122 23576 26024 27063 28114 28842
NETHERLANDS 18.39 30.18 31.45 32.59 33.91 35.64 35.49 36.56 37.99 40.22 41.56 ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1292 1404 1546 1684 1813 1913
UNITED KINGDOM 1.67 4.85 5.11 5.56 5.84 6.25 6.59 7.44 8.11 8.33 8.41 8.49
NONFERROUS METALS INCLUDING FOUNDRIES (US SIC 333-6)
UNITED STATES (1) 7.44 15.57 15.60 15.63 15.68 15.99 16.42 17.17 17.99 18.66 18.83 18.93
CANADA .. 18.48 19.27 19.26 19.89 21.56 23.59 25.02 26.09 28.10 29.38 29.00
MEXICO .. .. 429 711 1512 3326 4107 4956 6160 7951 8.67 9.47
JAPAN 1147 1842 1920 1959 1993 2121 2226 2410 2542 2625 2754 2757
KOREA 248 1285 1411 1485 1803 2122 2902 3418 3991 4635 .. ..
TAIWAN 23.57 71.02 81.71 82.54 92.22 105.45 119.34 128.95 141.77 153.82 150.19 161.29
PORTUGAL 43.09 215.11 268.02 309.33 359.35 404.30 475.47 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 32.39 81.34 88.03 94.22 102.16 108.08 117.06 129.85 134.28 144.92 141.81 154.16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
UNITED STATES: EXCLUDING SECONDARY SMELTING & REFINING (US SIC 334).
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 76
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY, & EQUIP. (US SIC 34-38 & ISIC 38) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA (1) .. 78 75 75 80 92 97 102 105 103 96 88
MEXICO .. .. 11 8 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 13
JAPAN 44 45 44 62 72 86 83 81 88 96 108 113
KOREA 5 10 10 10 11 16 22 25 29 31 32 34
SINGAPORE 12 17 17 15 15 18 20 23 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 6 10 10 11 15 18 22 24 25 28 28 28
AUSTRIA 63 50 50 69 88 95 91 110 106 115 111 111
BELGIUM 93 62 62 84 101 106 100 119 118 127 120 121
DENMARK 84 53 52 69 89 94 88 104 100 108 100 ..
FINLAND 65 51 52 67 83 97 101 122 117 105 85 90
FRANCE 63 52 52 68 80 86 81 94 89 96 89 88
GERMANY (1) 89 67 66 91 114 125 118 139 137 148 145 141
IRELAND (1) 42 36 37 50 56 61 57 68 66 70 62 60
ITALY 66 51 52 69 84 92 93 110 111 113 89 84
NETHERLANDS 88 56 55 74 91 97 89 104 99 107 102 ..
NORWAY .. 70 69 86 108 121 116 129 117 128 110 107
PORTUGAL 29 13 13 17 20 23 24 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 61 74 76 81 68 64
SWEDEN 97 62 63 79 94 107 108 124 125 135 94 94
UNITED KINGDOM 48 42 42 50 59 70 68 79 82 83 70 68r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: GENERALLY INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE EXCEPT FOR THE UNITED
STATES, CANADA, JAPAN, & TAIWAN, WHICH INCLUDE METAL FURNITURE IN
FURNITURE & FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25).
CANADA: EXCLUDING INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 77
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY, & EQUIP. (US SIC 34-38 & ISIC 38) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 7.38 14.71 15.23 15.56 15.78 15.47 15.93 16.59 17.46 17.97 18.51 19.74
CANADA (1) .. 11.54 11.41 11.64 12.68 14.28 15.53 16.85 18.38 18.42 17.71 17.30
MEXICO .. .. 1.64 1.18 1.07 1.27 1.43 1.61 1.89 2.26 2.50 2.52
JAPAN 3.25 6.61 6.69 9.65 11.32 13.29 13.15 13.46 15.45 17.17 20.06 22.33
KOREA .36 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.75 2.43 3.55 4.17 5.10 5.60 5.95 6.77
SINGAPORE .91 2.54 2.56 2.26 2.37 2.72 3.22 3.87 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .46 1.44 1.53 1.76 2.29 2.83 3.57 3.94 4.35 5.07 5.18 5.50
AUSTRIA 4.65 7.39 7.64 10.79 13.89 14.76 14.55 18.18 18.54 20.73 20.60 21.88
BELGIUM 6.84 9.14 9.48 13.02 15.98 16.47 15.96 19.79 20.52 22.88 22.16 23.91
DENMARK 6.23 7.76 7.85 10.72 14.09 14.54 13.95 17.31 17.53 19.39 18.42 ..
FINLAND 4.83 7.49 7.91 10.44 13.06 14.93 16.13 20.25 20.37 18.90 15.67 17.86
FRANCE 4.67 7.63 7.85 10.62 12.63 13.27 12.83 15.58 15.58 17.24 16.54 17.36
GERMANY (1) 6.60 9.87 10.12 14.15 17.92 19.31 18.74 23.08 23.89 26.66 26.79 27.92
IRELAND (1) 3.08 5.33 5.68 7.73 8.90 9.49 9.14 11.21 11.49 12.61 11.47 11.92
ITALY 4.85 7.55 7.89 10.70 13.32 14.29 14.83 18.17 19.34 20.28 16.52 16.56
NETHERLANDS 6.51 8.29 8.31 11.54 14.33 15.03 14.21 17.18 17.27 19.27 18.90 ..
NORWAY .. 10.35 10.54 13.41 17.00 18.67 18.45 21.45 20.46 23.02 20.34 21.12
PORTUGAL 2.12 1.92 1.99 2.62 3.21 3.56 3.90 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.66 12.28 13.23 14.50 12.66 12.60
SWEDEN 7.18 9.08 9.54 12.22 14.91 16.53 17.19 20.49 21.82 24.17 17.32 18.50
UNITED KINGDOM 3.51 6.13 6.47 7.80 9.24 10.80 10.84 13.12 14.30 14.97 12.90 13.38r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: GENERALLY INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE EXCEPT FOR THE UNITED
STATES, CANADA, JAPAN, & TAIWAN, WHICH INCLUDE METAL FURNITURE IN
FURNITURE & FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25).
CANADA: EXCLUDING INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 78
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY, & EQUIP. (US SIC 34-38 & ISIC 38) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 7.38 14.71 15.23 15.56 15.78 15.47 15.93 16.59 17.46 17.97 18.51 19.74
CANADA (1) .. 14.95 15.59 16.19 16.81 17.58 18.38 19.66 21.07 22.27 22.85 23.63
MEXICO .. .. 422 720 1475 2897 3527 4521 5691 7009 7.79 8.51
JAPAN 964 1570 1596 1625 1637 1704 1816 1952 2079 2177 2229 2283
KOREA 176 1132 1263 1322 1438 1774 2386 2955 3738 4369 4778 5437
SINGAPORE 2.16 5.42 5.64 4.93 5.00 5.47 6.28 7.01 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 17.53 57.03 61.08 66.56 72.81 80.92 94.39 106.09 116.41 127.44 136.81 145.71
AUSTRIA 80.96 147.74 158.09 164.68 175.69 182.41 192.65 206.03 216.69 227.82 239.75 249.60
BELGIUM 251.09 528.11 562.54 581.59 597.20 605.83 628.91 661.42 701.88 735.69 766.42 799.48
DENMARK 35.71 80.30 83.18 86.77 96.50 97.99 102.15 107.15 112.29 117.04 119.47 ..
FINLAND 17.71 44.92 49.01 52.94 57.49 62.60 69.31 77.55 82.52 84.79 89.72 93.47
FRANCE 20.00 66.70 70.45 73.53 75.95 79.09 81.83 84.89 87.97 91.25 93.72 96.26
GERMANY (1) 16.21 28.08 29.76 30.71 32.23 33.92 35.25 37.31 39.68 41.64 44.34 45.28
IRELAND (1) 1.39 4.91 5.33 5.76 5.98 6.22 6.44 6.76 7.12 7.40 7.83 7.96
ITALY 3166 13265 15067 15960 17278 18600 20351 21762 24007 24980 25979 26676
NETHERLANDS 16.41 26.58 27.57 28.25 29.04 29.72 30.15 31.30 32.34 33.89 35.12 ..
NORWAY .. 84.46 90.61 99.19 114.62 121.83 127.56 134.17 132.80 143.06 144.38 148.98
PORTUGAL 54.04 282.96 342.04 392.62 453.17 513.65 613.99 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1144 1253 1376 1485 1615 1687
SWEDEN 29.75 75.09 82.11 87.12 94.65 101.42 110.97 121.35 132.04 140.84 135.06 142.75
UNITED KINGDOM 1.58 4.58 4.98 5.31 5.64 6.07 6.61 7.35 8.09 8.48 8.59 8.73r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: GENERALLY INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE EXCEPT FOR THE UNITED
STATES, CANADA, JAPAN, & TAIWAN, WHICH INCLUDE METAL FURNITURE IN
FURNITURE & FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25).
CANADA: EXCLUDING INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 79
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 34) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 84 79 78 85 93 99 103 106 103 93 89
MEXICO .. .. 10 7 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14
HONG KONG (1) 11 12 12 13 14 16 18 17 20 24 26 25
ISRAEL 35 38 32 41 48 57 58 63 60 60 57 58
JAPAN 47 49 48 69 79 89 86 84 92 102 117 128
KOREA 5 10 10 11 13 17 23 26 31 34 35 36
SINGAPORE 12 20 19 17 18 20 23 26 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 6 11 12 13 18 21 24 25 27 30 29 31
AUSTRIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
BELGIUM 99 70 71 95 114 114 107 127 127 137 130 139
DENMARK 89 61 60 80 103 102 96 114 111 121 112 ..
FINLAND 69 56 58 75 90 101 109 130 125 114 91 103
FRANCE 67 56 56 75 88 90 84 99 96 104 97 101
GERMANY (1) 92 68 67 92 115 120 113 134 133 145 141 146
GREECE 26 31 29 32 37 40 41 47 47 50 45 48
IRELAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
ITALY 70 58 58 77 94 98 99 117 119 122 97 97
NETHERLANDS 97 62 60 82 101 103 95 113 108 118 113 ..
PORTUGAL 26 12 12 15 19 20 21 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 60 74 77 82 69 69
SWEDEN 108 69 70 89 106 115 116 135 136 147 103 108
SWITZERLAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 47 44 43 52 60 68 66 76 78 80 67 70
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: GENERALLY INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE EXCEPT FOR THE UNITED
STATES, CANADA, JAPAN, & TAIWAN, WHICH INCLUDE METAL FURNITURE IN
FURNITURE & FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25).
HONG KONG: HARDWARE, METAL WRISTWATCH BANDS, & METAL PRODUCTS NEC.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SPAIN: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 80
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 34) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.60 12.84 13.24 13.51 13.77 14.17 14.59 15.10 15.76 16.13 16.49 16.65
CANADA .. 10.76 10.48 10.57 11.69 13.15 14.48 15.55 16.70 16.68 15.38 14.76
MEXICO .. .. 1.37 .92 .88 1.04 1.23 1.35 1.54 1.89 2.15 2.32
HONG KONG (1) .75 1.49 1.65 1.78 1.95 2.24 2.61 2.64 3.08 3.81 4.27 4.11
ISRAEL 2.32 4.85 4.28 5.48 6.60 8.05 8.44 9.58 9.45 9.61 9.46 9.70
JAPAN 3.08 6.28 6.37 9.35 10.90 12.65 12.52 12.65 14.56 16.47 19.32 21.36
KOREA .34 1.33 1.36 1.44 1.76 2.35 3.39 3.99 4.94 5.45 5.71 6.00
SINGAPORE .78 2.58 2.58 2.28 2.45 2.83 3.39 3.97 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .42 1.43 1.54 1.81 2.44 2.94 3.56 3.80 4.19 4.90 4.86 5.18
AUSTRIA (1) 4.48 6.80 7.03 9.93 12.69 13.52 13.32 16.79 17.05 19.00 18.60 19.70
BELGIUM 6.53 8.96 9.34 12.81 15.72 16.09 15.60 19.16 19.97 22.16 21.43 23.14
DENMARK 5.88 7.87 7.97 10.77 14.23 14.51 14.04 17.26 17.55 19.48 18.39 ..
FINLAND 4.56 7.23 7.64 10.13 12.37 14.38 15.84 19.59 19.76 18.44 15.08 17.14
FRANCE 4.41 7.17 7.42 10.11 12.13 12.71 12.32 14.99 15.08 16.70 16.05 16.82
GERMANY (1) 6.10 8.67 8.93 12.48 15.79 17.02 16.55 20.28 20.92 23.35 23.24 24.34
GREECE 1.73 4.01 3.88 4.38 5.03 5.66 5.97 7.14 7.45 8.09 7.49 7.96
IRELAND (1) 2.85 5.18 5.51 7.51 8.58 9.27 8.91 10.79 10.97 11.97 10.82 11.51
ITALY 4.60 7.39 7.73 10.44 12.99 13.90 14.41 17.66 18.79 19.71 16.05 16.08
NETHERLANDS 6.37 7.96 7.98 11.08 13.88 14.63 13.88 17.00 17.03 18.99 18.61 ..
PORTUGAL 1.74 1.51 1.57 2.06 2.61 2.90 3.10 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.79 11.16 12.15 13.23 11.36 11.48
SWEDEN 7.11 8.86 9.26 12.00 14.60 16.23 16.94 20.31 21.48 23.69 17.03 18.05
SWITZERLAND (1) 6.53 9.82 9.90 14.10 17.50 18.41 17.11 21.29 22.10 23.63 23.05 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.12 5.67 5.74 6.97 8.30 9.68 9.63 11.45 12.35 12.91 11.03 11.58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: GENERALLY INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE EXCEPT FOR THE UNITED
STATES, CANADA, JAPAN, & TAIWAN, WHICH INCLUDE METAL FURNITURE IN
FURNITURE & FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25).
HONG KONG: HARDWARE, METAL WRISTWATCH BANDS, & METAL PRODUCTS NEC.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SPAIN: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 81
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 34) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.60 12.84 13.24 13.51 13.77 14.17 14.59 15.10 15.76 16.13 16.49 16.65
CANADA .. 13.94 14.32 14.69 15.50 16.19 17.14 18.15 19.13 20.16 19.84 20.16
MEXICO .. .. 352 560 1207 2370 3024 3788 4640 5842 6.69 7.82
HONG KONG (1) 3.71 11.67 12.85 13.86 15.24 17.49 20.33 20.57 23.90 29.52 33.05 31.78
ISRAEL 1.48 1421.01 5.04 8.15 10.53 12.87 16.17 19.31 21.55 23.63 26.76 29.21
JAPAN 913 1492 1520 1575 1577 1622 1729 1834 1959 2089 2146 2183
KOREA 165 1073 1182 1272 1448 1719 2275 2826 3622 4253 4581 4823
SINGAPORE 1.85 5.50 5.68 4.97 5.16 5.69 6.61 7.20 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 16.07 56.61 61.49 68.65 77.75 84.04 94.08 102.25 112.16 123.18 128.36 137.11
AUSTRIA (1) 77.94 136.03 145.36 151.47 160.50 167.09 176.34 190.19 199.27 208.85 216.54 224.83
BELGIUM 239.57 517.48 554.25 571.88 587.24 591.72 614.62 640.35 683.10 712.57 741.14 773.44
DENMARK 33.71 81.42 84.52 87.17 97.47 97.80 102.82 106.83 112.37 117.61 119.28 ..
FINLAND 16.72 43.40 47.37 51.38 54.47 60.28 68.06 75.02 80.05 82.75 86.34 89.71
FRANCE 18.87 62.67 66.65 69.99 72.90 75.76 78.60 81.66 85.15 88.41 90.94 93.29
GERMANY (1) 14.98 24.68 26.28 27.09 28.39 29.90 31.14 32.79 34.75 36.48 38.46 39.48
GREECE 56 452 536 613 681 803 969 1132 1358 1541 1717 1932
IRELAND (1) 1.28 4.77 5.17 5.60 5.77 6.08 6.29 6.51 6.80 7.02 7.39 7.69
ITALY 3001 12971 14754 15572 16853 18100 19776 21151 23313 24280 25252 25913
NETHERLANDS 16.08 25.53 26.47 27.12 28.13 28.93 29.45 30.98 31.88 33.40 34.59 ..
PORTUGAL 44.21 223.63 269.90 308.91 368.41 418.66 487.83 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1040 1139 1263 1355 1448 1537
SWEDEN 29.43 73.26 79.66 85.50 92.65 99.60 109.34 120.28 129.97 138.05 132.78 139.24
SWITZERLAND (1) 16.84 23.08 24.31 25.35 26.10 26.95 28.02 29.59 31.73 33.23 34.07 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.41 4.24 4.43 4.75 5.06 5.43 5.88 6.42 6.99 7.31 7.35 7.56
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: GENERALLY INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE EXCEPT FOR THE UNITED
STATES, CANADA, JAPAN, & TAIWAN, WHICH INCLUDE METAL FURNITURE IN
FURNITURE & FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25).
HONG KONG: HARDWARE, METAL WRISTWATCH BANDS, & METAL PRODUCTS NEC.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SPAIN: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 82
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (US SIC 35)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 82 78 78 85 93 97 103 107 105 96 92
MEXICO .. .. 11 7 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 16
ISRAEL 35 39 33 41 49 59 57 62 61 63 59 64
JAPAN 49 53 52 74 85 98 94 92 103 109 122 132
KOREA 5 11 11 11 13 17 25 28 32 34 35 38
SINGAPORE 14 23 22 18 19 22 25 28 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 11 12 14 17 21 25 26 27 31 30 31
AUSTRIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
BELGIUM 98 66 67 91 111 113 106 127 126 136 128 136
DENMARK 88 57 56 74 95 96 90 108 104 112 104 ..
FINLAND 72 57 59 74 95 106 111 134 128 118 93 107
FRANCE 68 56 56 74 87 89 84 98 94 101 95 98
GERMANY (1) 97 71 71 97 121 127 120 141 140 152 147 151
GREECE 24 26 26 28 31 35 37 44 43 45 42 45
IRELAND 40 39 41 54 62 64 61 72 70 74 66 67
ITALY 69 56 57 75 92 96 97 114 117 119 94 93
NETHERLANDS 93 60 59 79 97 98 90 105 101 110 106 ..
PORTUGAL 25 12 12 17 21 22 23 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 60 74 76 82 70 70
SWEDEN 101 66 67 84 102 110 111 128 131 141 98 103
SWITZERLAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 49 46 46 55 64 73 72 83 86 87 73 74
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING SHIPBUILDING, SOME RAILROAD EQUIP & METAL PRODS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 83
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (US SIC 35)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 7.02 13.63 14.06 14.44 14.66 14.98 15.45 16.07 16.73 17.20 17.71 17.93
CANADA .. 11.17 10.97 11.25 12.45 13.93 15.05 16.51 17.93 18.10 17.03 16.43
MEXICO .. .. 1.61 1.08 1.00 1.20 1.43 1.53 1.90 2.30 2.69 2.80
ISRAEL 2.45 5.27 4.57 5.93 7.24 8.88 8.75 9.97 10.23 10.78 10.42 11.47
JAPAN 3.46 7.23 7.34 10.64 12.45 14.63 14.52 14.80 17.17 18.81 21.54 23.60
KOREA .36 1.50 1.53 1.59 1.87 2.62 3.86 4.45 5.42 5.86 6.15 6.88
SINGAPORE 1.01 3.09 3.03 2.60 2.81 3.23 3.92 4.55 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .52 1.56 1.73 2.03 2.56 3.13 3.83 4.18 4.51 5.35 5.38 5.62
AUSTRIA (1) 5.08 7.93 8.22 11.47 14.77 15.53 15.35 19.49 19.91 22.18 21.77 23.13
BELGIUM 6.89 9.01 9.39 13.17 16.20 16.96 16.42 20.42 21.01 23.39 22.62 24.47
DENMARK 6.16 7.71 7.82 10.71 13.88 14.44 13.86 17.29 17.46 19.29 18.47 ..
FINLAND 5.07 7.81 8.35 10.68 13.90 15.85 17.19 21.56 21.43 20.36 16.53 19.18
FRANCE 4.78 7.67 7.85 10.67 12.78 13.39 12.95 15.76 15.75 17.45 16.75 17.57
GERMANY (1) 6.78 9.71 10.01 13.97 17.67 19.03 18.52 22.72 23.42 26.12 25.96 27.16
GREECE 1.71 3.58 3.61 4.06 4.61 5.31 5.64 7.05 7.23 7.81 7.41 7.99
IRELAND 2.81 5.31 5.81 7.81 9.08 9.57 9.36 11.52 11.73 12.81 11.68 11.97
ITALY 4.85 7.63 7.98 10.79 13.44 14.41 14.96 18.33 19.54 20.48 16.68 16.72
NETHERLANDS 6.52 8.23 8.27 11.45 14.15 14.64 13.98 16.95 16.97 18.97 18.86 ..
PORTUGAL 1.76 1.61 1.74 2.40 3.01 3.31 3.53 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.32 11.85 12.64 14.05 12.44 12.64
SWEDEN 7.07 9.04 9.43 12.13 14.90 16.52 17.20 20.55 21.92 24.21 17.44 18.55
SWITZERLAND (1) 6.53 9.82 9.90 14.10 17.50 18.41 17.11 21.29 22.10 23.63 23.05 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.46 6.21 6.51 7.87 9.31 11.01 11.10 13.26 14.37 14.91 12.93 13.31
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING SHIPBUILDING, SOME RAILROAD EQUIP & METAL PRODS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 84
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (US SIC 35)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 7.02 13.63 14.06 14.44 14.66 14.98 15.45 16.07 16.73 17.20 17.71 17.93
CANADA .. 14.46 14.98 15.63 16.51 17.15 17.82 19.27 20.54 21.88 21.97 22.44
MEXICO .. .. 413 662 1383 2729 3521 4311 5730 7111 8.38 9.45
ISRAEL 1.57 1543.77 5.39 8.82 11.54 14.19 16.76 20.09 23.31 26.52 29.50 34.54
JAPAN 1026 1717 1751 1793 1801 1876 2005 2146 2312 2385 2393 2412
KOREA 173 1210 1328 1400 1539 1917 2589 3150 3975 4577 4937 5525
SINGAPORE 2.38 6.59 6.67 5.66 5.92 6.51 7.64 8.25 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 19.88 61.79 69.11 76.95 81.45 89.44 101.26 112.50 120.60 134.60 142.05 148.79
AUSTRIA (1) 88.32 158.57 169.89 175.05 186.82 192.00 203.25 220.82 232.80 243.75 253.45 263.90
BELGIUM 252.96 520.54 557.01 587.98 605.15 623.81 646.96 682.56 718.41 751.94 782.23 818.17
DENMARK 35.34 79.77 82.89 86.71 95.07 97.33 101.45 107.02 111.79 116.47 119.82 ..
FINLAND 18.59 46.86 51.77 54.15 61.23 66.47 73.84 82.56 86.82 91.33 94.66 100.41
FRANCE 20.46 66.99 70.53 73.93 76.83 79.80 82.63 85.84 88.92 92.36 94.90 97.43
GERMANY (1) 16.64 27.61 29.46 30.30 31.76 33.43 34.83 36.74 38.90 40.79 42.96 44.06
GREECE 55 403 499 569 625 753 916 1117 1319 1489 1700 1937
IRELAND 1.27 4.89 5.45 5.83 6.10 6.27 6.60 6.95 7.27 7.52 7.97 8.00
ITALY 3161 13401 15225 16095 17438 18767 20531 21958 24250 25228 26237 26933
NETHERLANDS 16.44 26.40 27.46 28.02 28.66 28.96 29.67 30.89 31.77 33.38 35.03 ..
PORTUGAL 44.90 238.24 298.86 359.04 425.71 477.25 555.31 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1104 1209 1315 1439 1586 1693
SWEDEN 29.29 74.74 81.15 86.46 94.56 101.39 111.04 121.72 132.65 141.07 135.95 143.14
SWITZERLAND (1) 16.84 23.08 24.31 25.35 26.10 26.95 28.02 29.59 31.73 33.23 34.07 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.56 4.65 5.02 5.36 5.67 6.18 6.78 7.43 8.13 8.44 8.61 8.69
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING SHIPBUILDING, SOME RAILROAD EQUIP & METAL PRODS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 85
ELECTRONIC AND OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (US SIC 36)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA 95 100 108 110 109 102 95
MEXICO 8 9 9 11 12 13 13
HONG KONG (1) 15 18 19 21 24 28 30
ISRAEL 75 76 83 83 84 78 80
JAPAN 84 82 82 89 97 111 123
KOREA 16 23 24 28 30 32 35
SINGAPORE 19 21 25 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 19 23 25 26 29 30 32
AUSTRIA 105 99 122 118 129 129 134
BELGIUM 119 113 136 134 146 137 145
DENMARK 103 96 115 110 117 109 ..
FINLAND 98 104 129 123 110 86 97
FRANCE 96 90 105 100 108 101 104
GERMANY (1) 130 123 147 146 158 157 162
GREECE 39 40 48 48 52 48 50
IRELAND 64 60 71 70 74 66 68
ITALY 104 105 124 126 128 101 100
NETHERLANDS 112 101 118 115 125 120 ..
PORTUGAL 30 31 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. 67 82 84 89 75 72
SWEDEN 119 120 137 140 154 107 112
SWITZERLAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 73 71 84 86 89 74 75
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES & ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 86
ELECTRONIC AND OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (US SIC 36)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 13.51 13.85 14.31 15.05 15.50 15.89 16.19
CANADA .. 10.61 10.49 10.68 11.54 12.77 13.91 15.47 16.50 16.89 16.28 15.44
MEXICO .. .. 1.42 .98 .94 1.10 1.24 1.34 1.62 1.90 2.11 2.05
HONG KONG (1) .64 1.43 1.58 1.67 1.89 2.08 2.55 2.78 3.12 3.65 4.49 4.92
ISRAEL 2.25 6.18 5.58 7.08 8.46 10.20 10.52 11.90 12.48 12.97 12.46 12.92
JAPAN 2.83 5.67 5.67 8.15 9.71 11.38 11.38 11.80 13.45 15.05 17.62 19.92
KOREA .34 1.24 1.26 1.31 1.55 2.11 3.12 3.50 4.21 4.60 5.03 5.72
SINGAPORE .73 2.29 2.30 2.05 2.21 2.52 2.97 3.57 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .43 1.31 1.38 1.55 2.03 2.51 3.21 3.54 3.94 4.55 4.75 5.18
AUSTRIA 4.19 6.99 7.25 10.35 13.36 14.20 13.69 17.46 17.78 20.06 20.51 21.68
BELGIUM 6.69 9.00 9.32 12.68 15.57 16.08 15.63 19.49 20.17 22.63 21.77 23.50
DENMARK 5.93 7.56 7.55 10.28 13.61 13.94 13.33 16.51 16.63 18.21 17.38 ..
FINLAND 4.15 6.59 6.93 9.06 11.46 13.24 14.37 18.50 18.52 17.11 13.70 15.70
FRANCE 4.31 7.29 7.55 10.26 12.23 12.93 12.47 15.07 15.06 16.67 16.02 16.77
GERMANY (1) 6.01 8.94 9.19 12.84 16.29 17.58 17.09 21.07 21.92 24.53 24.93 26.22
GREECE 1.65 3.72 3.56 3.96 4.53 5.23 5.56 6.87 7.22 8.05 7.65 8.15
IRELAND 2.60 4.83 5.25 7.12 8.07 8.62 8.36 10.20 10.55 11.47 10.52 10.97
ITALY 4.74 7.30 7.59 10.36 13.00 13.99 14.48 17.74 18.89 19.78 16.11 16.16
NETHERLANDS 6.31 8.28 8.33 11.58 14.36 15.11 14.04 16.92 17.33 19.30 19.00 ..
PORTUGAL 2.23 2.01 2.16 2.89 3.61 4.11 4.35 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.31 11.71 12.57 13.74 11.91 11.71
SWEDEN 6.84 8.79 9.27 11.97 14.55 16.02 16.57 19.59 21.12 23.90 17.03 18.17
SWITZERLAND (1) 6.53 9.82 9.90 14.10 17.50 18.41 17.11 21.29 22.10 23.63 23.05 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.18 5.70 5.99 7.14 8.39 9.84 9.79 12.01 13.01 13.73 11.76 12.20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES & ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 87
ELECTRONIC AND OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (US SIC 36)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 13.51 13.85 14.31 15.05 15.50 15.89 16.19
CANADA .. 13.74 14.33 14.85 15.30 15.72 16.47 18.06 18.91 20.43 21.00 21.10
MEXICO .. .. 365 600 1292 2496 3057 3758 4883 5876 6.58 6.90
HONG KONG (1) 3.16 11.20 12.33 13.01 14.71 16.23 19.90 21.66 24.21 28.21 34.72 38.00
ISRAEL 1.44 1812.19 6.58 10.53 13.49 16.32 20.16 23.98 28.44 31.89 35.27 38.89
JAPAN 838 1347 1352 1372 1403 1459 1571 1711 1810 1908 1957 2036
KOREA 162 1001 1094 1154 1279 1547 2093 2480 3084 3588 4036 4596
SINGAPORE 1.74 4.88 5.06 4.47 4.66 5.07 5.79 6.47 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 16.45 51.82 54.97 58.51 64.50 71.90 84.71 95.36 105.51 114.48 125.55 137.20
AUSTRIA 72.84 139.82 149.84 158.01 169.03 175.53 181.26 197.78 207.86 220.48 238.70 247.39
BELGIUM 245.50 519.56 552.85 566.40 581.82 591.28 615.81 651.32 689.77 727.62 752.95 785.58
DENMARK 34.03 78.30 80.08 83.21 93.23 93.99 97.61 102.21 106.47 109.95 112.70 ..
FINLAND 15.22 39.53 42.92 45.96 50.47 55.52 61.75 70.84 75.03 76.79 78.44 82.17
FRANCE 18.44 63.70 67.82 71.04 73.53 77.05 79.57 82.09 85.07 88.28 90.80 93.02
GERMANY (1) 14.75 25.44 27.02 27.87 29.29 30.89 32.15 34.07 36.41 38.32 41.26 42.53
GREECE 53 419 491 554 614 742 903 1089 1315 1535 1754 1977
IRELAND 1.17 4.45 4.92 5.31 5.43 5.65 5.89 6.15 6.53 6.73 7.19 7.33
ITALY 3095 12826 14493 15447 16857 18214 19865 21250 23437 24371 25348 26028
NETHERLANDS 15.92 26.57 27.63 28.34 29.08 29.88 29.78 30.83 32.44 33.94 35.31 ..
PORTUGAL 56.84 297.52 372.51 433.55 510.24 593.79 685.01 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1103 1194 1307 1407 1518 1567
SWEDEN 28.35 72.70 79.79 85.32 92.36 98.33 106.95 116.01 127.79 139.24 132.80 140.22
SWITZERLAND (1) 16.84 23.08 24.31 25.35 26.10 26.95 28.02 29.59 31.73 33.23 34.07 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.43 4.26 4.62 4.87 5.12 5.52 5.98 6.73 7.36 7.77 7.84 7.96
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES & ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 88
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 365-367)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 365-367)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
HONG KONG (1) 16 19 20 21 24 29 32
JAPAN (1) 81 80 81 86 94 110 126
KOREA 16 23 25 28 30 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 19 22 25 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN (1) 18 22 24 25 28 29 31
SPAIN .. 74 90 91 97 81 78
HOUSEHOLD AUDIO AND VIDEO EQUIPMENT (US SIC 365)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
JAPAN (1) 47 45 40 56 68 81 82 83 86 92 115 123
KOREA 5 9 9 9 11 15 23 25 28 29 .. ..
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES (US SIC 367)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
JAPAN (1) 49 47 46 65 76 86 84 82 88 95 110 125
KOREA .. 11 11 11 13 17 25 27 31 32 .. ..
TAIWAN .. 12 12 13 16 20 24 26 27 29 30 33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993. FOR HOUSEHOLD AUDIO
AND VIDEO EQUIP (US SIC 365), INCLUDES COMMUNICATION (TRANS-
MITTING) EQUIPMENT (US SIC 366).
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
TAIWAN: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 89
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 365-367)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 365-367)
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 13.20 13.55 14.04 14.85 15.33 15.80 16.03
HONG KONG (1) .62 1.45 1.59 1.69 1.93 2.09 2.60 2.80 3.13 3.68 4.63 5.11
JAPAN (1) 2.55 5.22 5.24 7.59 9.14 10.74 10.85 11.31 12.77 14.35 17.43 20.27
KOREA .. 1.19 1.20 1.26 1.53 2.09 3.11 3.50 4.20 4.59 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) .70 2.27 2.28 2.01 2.19 2.50 2.96 3.54 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN (1) .42 1.26 1.34 1.48 1.92 2.34 3.04 3.37 3.74 4.34 4.55 4.92
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.09 12.67 13.54 14.84 12.75 12.48
HOUSEHOLD AUDIO AND VIDEO EQUIPMENT (US SIC 365)
UNITED STATES 5.57 12.24 13.15 13.39 12.92 13.23 13.41 13.77 14.93 15.61 15.68 16.23
JAPAN (1) 2.63 5.45 5.30 7.44 8.85 10.74 10.93 11.46 12.82 14.40 18.05 19.97
KOREA .29 1.16 1.13 1.19 1.42 2.03 3.07 3.45 4.14 4.52 .. ..
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES (US SIC 367)
UNITED STATES 5.06 10.70 11.32 11.75 12.17 12.56 12.93 13.62 14.43 15.08 15.62 15.61
JAPAN (1) 2.46 5.07 5.19 7.67 9.31 10.75 10.82 11.22 12.74 14.32 17.11 19.55
KOREA .. 1.18 1.26 1.28 1.64 2.17 3.28 3.68 4.42 4.83 .. ..
TAIWAN .. 1.30 1.38 1.51 1.99 2.45 3.14 3.48 3.83 4.43 4.72 5.10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993. FOR HOUSEHOLD AUDIO
AND VIDEO EQUIP (US SIC 365), INCLUDES COMMUNICATION (TRANS-
MITTING) EQUIPMENT (US SIC 366).
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
TAIWAN: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 90
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 365-367)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 365-367)
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 13.20 13.55 14.04 14.85 15.33 15.80 16.03
HONG KONG (1) 3.06 11.35 12.39 13.16 15.05 16.31 20.31 21.84 24.29 28.49 35.78 39.51
JAPAN (1) 757 1238 1249 1277 1321 1377 1499 1639 1719 1819 1936 2072
KOREA .. 959 1042 1110 1262 1527 2091 2479 3083 3587 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 1.67 4.85 5.02 4.38 4.62 5.03 5.76 6.42 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN (1) 16.06 50.09 53.32 55.94 61.20 66.85 80.16 90.80 100.16 109.29 120.11 130.35
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1194 1293 1408 1519 1626 1671
HOUSEHOLD AUDIO AND VIDEO EQUIPMENT (US SIC 365)
UNITED STATES 5.57 12.24 13.15 13.39 12.92 13.23 13.41 13.77 14.93 15.61 15.68 16.23
JAPAN (1) 779 1294 1264 1253 1280 1377 1509 1662 1726 1826 2005 2040
KOREA 141 935 980 1045 1171 1487 2059 2441 3035 3531 .. ..
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES (US SIC 367)
UNITED STATES 5.06 10.70 11.32 11.75 12.17 12.56 12.93 13.62 14.43 15.08 15.62 15.61
JAPAN (1) 731 1202 1238 1292 1347 1378 1494 1627 1715 1816 1901 1998
KOREA .. 948 1094 1131 1347 1589 2199 2607 3242 3771 .. ..
TAIWAN .. 51.39 54.93 57.17 63.43 70.02 82.93 93.66 102.61 111.35 124.58 134.92
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993. FOR HOUSEHOLD AUDIO
AND VIDEO EQUIP (US SIC 365), INCLUDES COMMUNICATION (TRANS-
MITTING) EQUIPMENT (US SIC 366).
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
TAIWAN: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 91
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 37)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 71 69 71 75 83 87 89 92 88 83 79
MEXICO .. .. 13 10 9 10 10 12 12 15 16 16
AUSTRALIA 67 56 45 47 52 59 62 62 59 57 51 56
ISRAEL 33 44 36 44 55 65 62 65 64 65 61 54
JAPAN 43 44 44 63 73 84 78 75 81 87 99 105
KOREA 5 10 10 11 12 17 24 27 30 32 31 35
SINGAPORE 14 18 17 17 16 19 22 25 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 6 11 11 12 15 19 24 26 27 30 29 28
AUSTRIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
BELGIUM 86 54 54 74 90 90 84 98 96 103 97 100
DENMARK 80 46 45 61 81 82 75 89 85 91 83 ..
FINLAND 61 48 49 67 82 88 91 104 99 88 73 79
FRANCE 60 47 46 62 72 73 68 79 74 78 72 73
GERMANY (1) 89 67 65 91 114 119 112 131 127 139 135 142
GREECE 25 26 25 28 31 36 38 44 41 42 37 41
IRELAND 46 38 38 52 60 64 59 70 68 73 62 62
ITALY 60 45 45 60 74 77 77 90 89 90 71 68
NETHERLANDS 80 48 46 64 78 80 74 84 78 84 78 ..
PORTUGAL 29 14 14 17 20 21 23 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 59 71 71 76 65 61
SWEDEN 89 54 55 69 83 90 90 102 102 108 74 77
UNITED KINGDOM 47 38 39 48 57 63 62 72 75 75 63 63
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING SHIPBUILDING & SOME RAILROAD EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 92
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 37)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 8.58 17.69 18.30 18.45 18.58 19.07 19.71 20.78 22.21 23.03 23.95 24.82
CANADA .. 12.63 12.61 13.01 13.98 15.86 17.18 18.46 20.43 20.22 19.83 19.72
MEXICO .. .. 2.31 1.86 1.60 1.93 2.03 2.44 2.76 3.45 3.83 3.87
AUSTRALIA 5.79 9.87 8.24 8.71 9.60 11.28 12.15 12.93 13.17 13.14 12.22 13.92
ISRAEL 2.83 7.76 6.67 8.16 10.15 12.37 12.14 13.42 14.29 14.95 14.52 13.29
JAPAN 3.65 7.77 8.06 11.65 13.64 16.05 15.38 15.60 18.02 19.93 23.64 26.15
KOREA .46 1.84 1.92 1.95 2.22 3.23 4.67 5.64 6.72 7.26 7.45 8.59
SINGAPORE 1.20 3.11 3.20 3.08 3.01 3.61 4.26 5.16 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .54 1.96 1.94 2.27 2.87 3.61 4.66 5.32 5.98 6.80 6.91 7.03
AUSTRIA (1) 4.96 8.01 8.25 11.72 15.17 15.76 15.46 18.88 19.33 21.60 21.32 23.19
BELGIUM 7.37 9.59 9.92 13.61 16.72 17.08 16.49 20.44 21.26 23.69 23.20 24.93
DENMARK 6.90 8.16 8.26 11.34 15.12 15.63 14.88 18.58 18.93 20.98 19.79 ..
FINLAND 5.23 8.42 9.01 12.36 15.23 16.81 17.88 21.67 21.98 20.38 17.50 19.68
FRANCE 5.12 8.34 8.49 11.35 13.33 14.00 13.50 16.42 16.35 18.06 17.26 18.18
GERMANY (1) 7.61 11.77 11.97 16.75 21.19 22.72 22.05 27.27 28.30 32.01 32.35 35.22
GREECE 2.13 4.54 4.58 5.15 5.80 6.84 7.44 9.16 9.16 9.61 8.95 10.06
IRELAND 3.95 6.67 6.97 9.60 11.17 12.26 11.57 14.54 15.10 16.87 14.91 15.49
ITALY 5.17 7.90 8.26 11.14 13.83 14.71 15.20 18.61 19.79 20.73 16.89 16.95
NETHERLANDS 6.86 8.41 8.42 11.72 14.51 15.23 14.54 17.40 17.27 19.29 18.69 ..
PORTUGAL 2.53 2.51 2.51 3.19 3.63 3.96 4.51 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 11.60 14.82 15.87 17.43 15.62 15.23
SWEDEN 7.66 9.59 10.10 12.75 15.46 17.14 17.83 21.15 22.59 24.82 17.69 19.14
UNITED KINGDOM 4.03 6.81 7.15 8.81 10.58 12.07 12.13 14.94 16.56 17.36 15.00 15.60
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING SHIPBUILDING & SOME RAILROAD EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 93
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 37)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 8.58 17.69 18.30 18.45 18.58 19.07 19.71 20.78 22.21 23.03 23.95 24.82
CANADA .. 16.35 17.23 18.08 18.54 19.53 20.34 21.55 23.41 24.44 25.58 26.94
MEXICO .. .. 595 1140 2199 4390 4985 6854 8317 10684 11.94 13.07
AUSTRALIA 4.42 11.22 11.77 12.98 13.69 14.38 15.34 16.56 16.92 17.87 17.98 19.03
ISRAEL 1.81 2275.78 7.87 12.14 16.19 19.78 23.26 27.06 32.56 36.77 41.10 40.03
JAPAN 1084 1846 1923 1963 1973 2057 2124 2263 2426 2528 2626 2672
KOREA 225 1485 1670 1723 1825 2366 3135 3993 4929 5665 5983 6903
SINGAPORE 2.85 6.64 7.05 6.71 6.34 7.26 8.31 9.36 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 20.35 77.59 77.27 85.85 91.29 103.19 123.02 143.26 159.89 171.17 182.58 186.19
AUSTRIA (1) 86.28 160.19 170.61 178.82 191.92 194.79 204.66 213.95 225.94 237.34 248.19 264.57
BELGIUM 270.31 554.04 588.73 607.73 624.81 628.22 649.83 683.18 727.24 761.57 802.11 833.25
DENMARK 39.58 84.46 87.51 91.80 103.52 105.39 108.93 114.98 121.24 126.66 128.38 ..
FINLAND 19.18 50.55 55.83 62.70 67.08 70.49 76.81 83.01 89.07 91.46 100.16 103.03
FRANCE 21.94 72.83 76.22 78.58 80.16 83.40 86.15 89.43 92.33 95.61 97.84 100.85
GERMANY (1) 18.68 33.48 35.21 36.35 38.09 39.92 41.47 44.10 47.00 50.00 53.53 57.12
GREECE 69 512 633 721 786 970 1209 1452 1670 1832 2052 2440
IRELAND 1.78 6.14 6.54 7.16 7.51 8.03 8.16 8.77 9.35 9.90 10.18 10.35
ITALY 3373 13881 15773 16615 17934 19151 20848 22297 24557 25544 26576 27311
NETHERLANDS 17.32 26.99 27.94 28.70 29.39 30.12 30.86 31.71 32.34 33.94 34.73 ..
PORTUGAL 64.35 371.01 431.74 477.96 512.12 572.04 710.83 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1373 1512 1650 1785 1991 2040
SWEDEN 31.71 79.29 86.90 90.88 98.13 105.22 115.13 125.29 136.71 144.61 137.93 147.65
UNITED KINGDOM 1.81 5.10 5.51 6.00 6.45 6.78 7.40 8.37 9.37 9.83 9.99 10.18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING SHIPBUILDING & SOME RAILROAD EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 94
MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 371)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 69 66 66 71 79 84 85 87 85 81 78
MEXICO .. .. 12 10 8 9 9 11 12 15 16 15
AUSTRALIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
JAPAN (1) 37 42 41 59 68 79 73 70 74 81 94 99
KOREA 4 8 8 9 10 15 21 24 27 29 .. ..
TAIWAN 7 11 9 11 14 17 19 21 24 27 26 25
BELGIUM 75 51 50 67 82 83 77 91 87 96 90 93
DENMARK 61 39 38 53 69 70 64 75 72 77 71 ..
FRANCE 53 43 42 55 63 65 61 71 65 71 66 66
GERMANY (1) 83 63 61 84 105 111 105 123 118 132 129 136
IRELAND 39 31 32 42 53 59 53 63 57 62 55 55
ITALY 54 42 42 55 67 70 70 82 81 83 65 63
NETHERLANDS 70 43 42 55 67 69 63 72 66 73 69 ..
PORTUGAL .. 12 11 15 18 19 20 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 67 66 71 62 57
SWEDEN 78 51 51 63 76 82 83 94 93 100 69 73
UNITED KINGDOM 43 36 36 44 52 58 57 65 66 68 57 57
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
JAPAN: INCLUDING MOTORCYCLE MANUFACTURING.
BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 95
MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 371)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 9.55 19.02 19.71 20.09 20.40 20.80 21.39 22.48 24.28 24.70 25.52 26.56
CANADA .. 13.13 12.99 13.35 14.49 16.41 17.88 19.09 21.06 20.95 20.72 20.72
MEXICO .. .. 2.33 1.93 1.61 1.96 2.03 2.50 2.90 3.62 3.98 4.05
AUSTRALIA (1) 5.79 9.87 8.24 8.71 9.60 11.28 12.15 12.93 13.17 13.14 12.22 13.92
JAPAN (1) 3.56 7.90 8.09 11.80 13.83 16.36 15.60 15.68 17.99 19.97 23.92 26.36
KOREA .41 1.58 1.62 1.80 2.04 3.07 4.54 5.48 6.53 7.05 .. ..
TAIWAN .64 2.09 1.85 2.23 2.83 3.50 4.16 4.76 5.72 6.57 6.64 6.76
BELGIUM 7.16 9.64 9.87 13.52 16.80 17.18 16.47 20.36 21.20 23.62 23.09 24.81
DENMARK 5.78 7.49 7.54 10.59 14.05 14.49 13.64 16.97 17.42 19.08 18.11 ..
FRANCE 5.10 8.20 8.31 11.06 12.93 13.54 13.11 15.94 15.89 17.42 16.77 17.66
GERMANY (1) 7.89 11.92 12.11 16.96 21.47 23.05 22.36 27.68 28.73 32.59 32.98 36.11
IRELAND 3.73 5.98 6.28 8.53 10.73 12.18 11.27 14.14 13.79 15.39 14.07 14.58
ITALY 5.16 8.00 8.19 11.02 13.65 14.51 15.00 18.38 19.55 20.48 16.69 16.75
NETHERLANDS 6.72 8.13 8.21 10.99 13.70 14.38 13.58 16.21 16.08 18.12 17.62 ..
PORTUGAL .. 2.22 2.26 3.09 3.65 3.92 4.37 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 11.74 15.00 15.93 17.52 15.83 15.17
SWEDEN 7.44 9.64 10.14 12.75 15.43 17.13 17.79 21.13 22.61 24.81 17.70 19.26
UNITED KINGDOM 4.12 6.86 7.17 8.77 10.61 12.08 12.12 14.58 16.10 16.80 14.43 15.08
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
JAPAN: INCLUDING MOTORCYCLE MANUFACTURING.
BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 96
MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 371)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 9.55 19.02 19.71 20.09 20.40 20.80 21.39 22.48 24.28 24.70 25.52 26.56
CANADA .. 17.01 17.74 18.55 19.21 20.20 21.17 22.28 24.14 25.33 26.73 28.31
MEXICO .. .. 600 1181 2220 4453 4988 7044 8754 11212 12.39 13.67
AUSTRALIA (1) 4.42 11.22 11.77 12.98 13.69 14.38 15.34 16.56 16.92 17.87 17.98 19.03
JAPAN (1) 1055 1876 1929 1987 2000 2098 2154 2273 2421 2532 2658 2694
KOREA 201 1275 1408 1585 1680 2245 3046 3879 4788 5504 .. ..
TAIWAN 24.31 82.59 73.55 84.41 90.07 100.09 109.99 128.17 153.04 165.32 175.45 178.82
BELGIUM 262.80 556.84 585.72 603.62 627.61 631.82 649.21 680.59 724.88 759.52 798.60 829.51
DENMARK 33.14 77.55 79.97 85.71 96.20 97.69 99.83 105.02 111.59 115.19 117.48 ..
FRANCE 21.83 71.65 74.58 76.58 77.72 80.69 83.62 86.81 89.71 92.23 95.01 97.93
GERMANY (1) 19.37 33.90 35.62 36.80 38.60 40.50 42.06 44.75 47.71 50.91 54.58 58.56
IRELAND 1.68 5.50 5.89 6.36 7.21 7.98 7.95 8.53 8.54 9.03 9.60 9.74
ITALY 3367 14044 15641 16438 17707 18898 20583 22022 24257 25237 26261 26976
NETHERLANDS 16.95 26.08 27.24 26.89 27.76 28.45 28.82 29.54 30.10 31.87 32.75 ..
PORTUGAL .. 327.27 388.10 462.30 514.99 565.88 688.93 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1390 1530 1656 1794 2019 2031
SWEDEN 30.82 79.77 87.21 90.85 97.91 105.12 114.87 125.16 136.85 144.55 137.96 148.62
UNITED KINGDOM 1.85 5.14 5.53 5.98 6.47 6.78 7.40 8.17 9.11 9.51 9.61 9.84
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
JAPAN: INCLUDING MOTORCYCLE MANUFACTURING.
BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 97
AIRCRAFT, SPACE VEHICLES, AND PARTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 372 & 376)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 72 69 72 75 82 84 86 91 83 76 73
TAIWAN .. 20 22 26 32 42 47 48 47 56 51 49
FRANCE 72 56 58 79 92 94 86 97 91 95 86 88
GERMANY (1) 85 64 63 87 107 108 102 118 115 119 112 114
ITALY 64 44 45 61 75 79 77 88 88 86 67 66
NETHERLANDS (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 46 41 42 52 60 68 65 74 78 78 65 65
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 98
AIRCRAFT, SPACE VEHICLES, AND PARTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 372 & 376)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 8.25 17.40 17.89 18.05 18.41 19.03 20.03 21.42 22.81 24.32 25.47 26.12
CANADA .. 12.45 12.42 12.94 13.74 15.65 16.89 18.36 20.74 20.22 19.43 19.00
TAIWAN .. 3.42 4.02 4.67 5.84 7.97 9.48 10.30 10.82 13.66 13.10 12.70
FRANCE 5.92 9.81 10.36 14.24 16.96 17.87 17.14 20.84 20.70 23.20 21.89 23.06
GERMANY (1) 7.01 11.08 11.28 15.64 19.74 20.56 20.44 25.37 26.32 29.03 28.42 29.65
ITALY 5.24 7.67 8.09 11.04 13.89 14.97 15.44 18.92 20.07 21.03 17.14 17.19
NETHERLANDS (1) 6.86 8.41 8.42 11.72 14.51 15.23 14.54 17.40 17.27 19.64 19.03 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.81 7.20 7.49 9.30 10.96 12.85 12.93 15.95 17.88 18.91 16.52 16.98
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 99
AIRCRAFT, SPACE VEHICLES, AND PARTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 372 & 376)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 8.25 17.40 17.89 18.05 18.41 19.03 20.03 21.42 22.81 24.32 25.47 26.12
CANADA .. 16.12 16.97 17.99 18.22 19.26 19.99 21.43 23.77 24.45 25.07 25.95
TAIWAN .. 135.62 160.37 176.54 186.07 227.79 250.31 277.23 289.46 343.71 346.05 336.25
FRANCE 25.35 85.72 93.03 98.65 101.93 106.48 109.34 113.50 116.92 122.84 124.02 127.88
GERMANY (1) 17.22 31.51 33.18 33.93 35.48 36.12 38.45 41.02 43.71 45.34 47.04 48.09
ITALY 3416 13467 15437 16465 18016 19490 21188 22661 24911 25904 26956 27692
NETHERLANDS (1) 17.32 26.99 27.94 28.70 29.39 30.12 30.86 31.71 32.34 34.54 35.35 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.71 5.39 5.78 6.34 6.68 7.22 7.89 8.94 10.12 10.71 11.00 11.09
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 100
SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING AND REPAIRING (US SIC 373)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 73 73 74 75 87 97 104 106 100 87 83
HONG KONG 15 15 16 17 17 21 23 24 27 28 .. ..
JAPAN (1) 57 55 56 77 88 102 99 96 105 112 128 145
KOREA 9 16 16 15 18 27 35 40 45 46 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
TAIWAN 8 17 17 19 25 30 43 48 50 55 55 58
BELGIUM 128 69 70 94 118 116 110 132 127 134 123 133
DENMARK 103 59 59 80 109 113 105 125 118 125 113 ..
FINLAND 84 62 63 88 109 122 128 144 139 120 97 111
FRANCE 75 62 61 78 94 97 91 106 98 104 95 101
GERMANY (1) 106 75 75 102 132 139 131 154 149 159 158 164
GREECE (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
ITALY 80 54 56 75 96 101 102 119 119 118 92 93
NETHERLANDS 103 60 59 82 105 109 103 117 109 115 107 ..
NORWAY .. 75 76 94 126 134 130 138 130 139 120 125
PORTUGAL 44 21 20 24 27 29 34 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 118 67 69 88 108 117 120 135 135 140 96 104
UNITED KINGDOM 58 46 47 58 69 76 76 91 93 93 79 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
SINGAPORE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 101
SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING AND REPAIRING (US SIC 373)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.84 14.27 14.62 14.72 14.36 14.52 14.82 15.56 16.66 17.58 18.26 18.08
CANADA .. 10.42 10.62 10.88 10.75 12.58 14.42 16.18 17.69 17.53 15.93 14.95
HONG KONG 1.05 2.13 2.32 2.47 2.46 3.10 3.40 3.78 4.45 4.85 .. ..
JAPAN (1) 3.92 7.80 8.12 11.37 12.57 14.83 14.62 14.96 17.57 19.68 23.39 26.15
KOREA .59 2.22 2.33 2.23 2.63 3.87 5.17 6.24 7.44 8.03 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 1.20 3.11 3.20 3.08 3.01 3.61 4.26 5.16 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .57 2.41 2.46 2.79 3.52 4.37 6.36 7.50 8.31 9.70 10.02 10.44
BELGIUM 8.75 9.78 10.21 13.87 16.89 16.89 16.31 20.53 21.08 23.48 22.45 24.04
DENMARK 7.04 8.46 8.60 11.73 15.69 16.37 15.63 19.47 19.74 21.97 20.66 ..
FINLAND 5.73 8.79 9.14 12.89 15.67 17.73 18.97 22.48 23.10 21.12 17.75 20.05
FRANCE 5.13 8.86 8.86 11.50 13.52 14.09 13.51 16.43 16.33 18.30 17.26 18.18
GERMANY (1) 7.22 10.68 10.93 15.03 18.90 20.18 19.48 23.92 24.82 27.89 28.88 29.74
GREECE (1) 2.13 4.54 4.58 5.15 5.80 6.84 7.44 9.16 9.16 9.61 8.95 10.06
ITALY 5.47 7.76 8.13 11.04 13.73 14.65 15.17 18.55 19.77 20.69 16.85 16.89
NETHERLANDS 7.07 8.63 8.58 12.14 15.08 15.78 15.27 18.22 18.14 20.30 19.57 ..
NORWAY .. 10.66 11.05 13.88 18.10 19.51 19.24 21.46 21.68 24.43 21.99 22.56
PORTUGAL 3.01 2.98 2.94 3.52 3.85 4.26 5.03 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 8.08 9.56 10.03 12.92 15.57 17.04 17.75 20.95 22.56 24.62 17.59 18.80
UNITED KINGDOM 3.99 6.51 6.86 8.48 9.85 11.04 11.22 14.18 15.51 16.40 14.35 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
SINGAPORE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 102
SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING AND REPAIRING (US SIC 373)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.84 14.27 14.62 14.72 14.36 14.52 14.82 15.56 16.66 17.58 18.26 18.08
CANADA .. 13.50 14.51 15.13 14.25 15.49 17.07 18.88 20.27 21.19 20.55 20.43
HONG KONG 5.19 16.65 18.10 19.29 19.15 24.21 26.51 29.42 34.55 37.53 .. ..
JAPAN (1) 1164 1851 1937 1915 1818 1902 2019 2169 2365 2496 2599 2672
KOREA 285 1786 2024 1970 2166 2833 3470 4418 5454 6270 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 2.85 6.64 7.05 6.71 6.34 7.26 8.31 9.36 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 21.60 95.26 98.03 105.60 112.08 125.00 167.92 201.97 222.40 244.16 264.71 276.39
BELGIUM 321.15 564.62 605.70 619.51 630.94 621.12 642.80 686.08 720.79 754.87 776.46 803.55
DENMARK 40.36 87.58 91.18 94.97 107.42 110.32 114.41 120.52 126.39 132.63 133.99 ..
FINLAND 21.01 52.74 56.64 65.38 68.99 74.35 81.51 86.10 93.62 94.76 101.64 104.93
FRANCE 21.96 77.41 79.58 79.63 81.30 83.95 86.19 89.51 92.21 96.88 97.81 100.81
GERMANY (1) 17.73 30.39 32.15 32.62 33.98 35.46 36.65 38.68 41.23 43.56 47.80 48.24
GREECE (1) 69 512 633 721 786 970 1209 1452 1670 1832 2052 2440
ITALY 3568 13633 15519 16454 17812 19081 20809 22225 24533 25496 26504 27213
NETHERLANDS 17.85 27.69 28.48 29.72 30.55 31.21 32.41 33.20 33.96 35.71 36.35 ..
NORWAY .. 87.03 94.93 102.65 121.98 127.30 133.03 134.22 140.73 151.81 156.06 159.15
PORTUGAL 76.49 439.51 505.44 527.46 544.13 614.24 792.56 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 33.47 79.03 86.31 92.07 98.80 104.60 114.59 124.10 136.54 143.41 137.13 145.06
UNITED KINGDOM 1.79 4.87 5.28 5.78 6.01 6.20 6.85 7.95 8.77 9.29 9.56 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
SINGAPORE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 103
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 38)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
HONG KONG (1) 15 17 18 19 21 22 25
JAPAN 86 84 83 89 96 110 122
KOREA 15 21 25 28 30 32 35
SINGAPORE 18 21 23 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 16 20 21 21 25 25 26
BELGIUM 99 95 114 114 121 115 125
DENMARK 97 91 105 104 114 101 ..
FRANCE 83 79 91 87 94 87 90
GERMANY (1) 111 105 123 122 133 130 134
IRELAND 67 62 73 70 76 68 71
ITALY 90 91 106 108 110 87 86
PORTUGAL 19 21 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. 62 76 79 86 70 67
SWEDEN 106 106 121 120 134 93 99
SWITZERLAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 72 72 79 84 85 71 72r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: PHOTOGRAPHIC & OPTICAL GOODS; WATCHES & CLOCKS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 104
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 38)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 14.72 15.10 15.89 16.58 17.00 17.60 17.87
HONG KONG (1) .. 1.44 1.58 1.73 1.92 2.20 2.57 2.90 3.22 3.56 3.90 4.39
JAPAN 2.94 6.04 6.24 9.10 10.77 12.64 12.71 13.15 14.77 16.29 19.31 21.74
KOREA .33 1.12 1.23 1.32 1.60 2.20 3.16 4.00 4.58 5.04 5.69 6.22
SINGAPORE .69 2.27 2.13 2.21 2.34 2.61 3.15 3.70 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .41 1.22 1.32 1.51 1.93 2.34 3.00 3.38 3.51 4.19 4.36 4.68
BELGIUM 6.02 8.47 8.57 11.58 14.18 14.50 14.40 18.06 18.82 20.62 20.30 22.36
DENMARK 5.81 7.68 7.78 10.51 13.96 14.31 13.69 16.74 17.19 19.30 17.86 ..
FRANCE 4.12 6.71 6.95 9.65 11.59 12.25 11.86 14.40 14.43 15.96 15.34 16.11
GERMANY (1) 5.74 8.33 8.54 11.93 15.16 16.34 15.91 19.59 20.22 22.66 22.80 23.94
IRELAND 2.89 5.29 5.63 7.90 9.41 9.87 9.33 11.63 11.57 12.88 12.01 12.66
ITALY 4.41 6.75 7.13 9.74 12.22 13.19 13.70 16.78 17.90 18.76 15.28 15.32
PORTUGAL 1.46 1.50 1.52 2.06 2.88 2.75 3.11 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.35 12.10 13.11 14.58 12.26 12.02
SWEDEN 6.87 8.54 8.88 11.33 14.07 15.55 15.94 19.19 19.97 22.77 16.34 17.70
SWITZERLAND (1) 6.53 9.82 9.90 14.10 17.50 18.41 17.11 21.29 22.10 23.63 23.05 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.08 6.11 6.25 7.70 9.30 10.57 10.89 12.55 13.86 14.51 12.54 12.82r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: PHOTOGRAPHIC & OPTICAL GOODS; WATCHES & CLOCKS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 105
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 38)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 14.72 15.10 15.89 16.58 17.00 17.60 17.87
HONG KONG (1) .. 11.25 12.30 13.51 14.98 17.20 20.03 22.61 25.05 27.54 30.14 33.95
JAPAN 871 1434 1489 1532 1558 1620 1755 1907 1987 2065 2145 2221
KOREA 161 901 1072 1163 1319 1609 2123 2830 3359 3937 4569 4996
SINGAPORE 1.64 4.83 4.69 4.82 4.92 5.25 6.13 6.70 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 15.76 48.34 52.43 57.29 61.53 66.90 79.15 90.86 93.85 105.54 115.06 123.94
BELGIUM 220.72 489.21 508.83 517.32 529.90 533.37 567.62 603.64 643.67 662.92 702.12 747.49
DENMARK 33.31 79.51 82.45 85.07 95.62 96.46 100.19 103.63 110.06 116.53 115.82 ..
FRANCE 17.65 58.61 62.40 66.84 69.70 72.99 75.66 78.43 81.48 84.51 86.95 89.33
GERMANY (1) 14.10 23.69 25.13 25.90 27.25 28.71 29.92 31.68 33.59 35.40 37.73 38.84
IRELAND 1.30 4.87 5.28 5.89 6.32 6.47 6.58 7.02 7.17 7.56 8.20 8.46
ITALY 2877 11846 13610 14522 15848 17171 18801 20103 22208 23116 24043 24685
PORTUGAL 37.22 221.88 261.41 307.92 406.73 396.12 490.13 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1107 1234 1364 1493 1563 1610
SWEDEN 28.44 70.63 76.36 80.76 89.32 95.43 102.92 113.66 120.84 132.65 127.35 136.55
SWITZERLAND (1) 16.84 23.08 24.31 25.35 26.10 26.95 28.02 29.59 31.73 33.23 34.07 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.39 4.57 4.82 5.25 5.67 5.94 6.65 7.03 7.84 8.21 8.35 8.37r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: PHOTOGRAPHIC & OPTICAL GOODS; WATCHES & CLOCKS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 106
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 39)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
MEXICO .. .. 13 10 8 9 10 10 12 13 15 14
JAPAN (1) 53 60 59 80 91 102 101 100 112 121 139 152
KOREA 5 10 10 11 13 17 23 26 32 35 37 40
SINGAPORE 13 23 23 20 20 22 27 30 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 8 14 14 15 19 23 28 30 32 36 35 37
BELGIUM 104 68 69 95 111 108 100 119 121 130 121 128
DENMARK 117 81 81 107 138 138 127 152 149 153 140 ..
FRANCE 85 72 73 96 111 113 105 123 119 125 117 120
GERMANY (1) 107 81 80 110 136 142 132 157 157 168 162 168
GREECE 31 36 35 38 41 44 44 51 51 53 49 52
IRELAND 46 49 51 68 74 79 74 88 85 90 81 84
ITALY 113 71 70 92 109 112 113 133 135 136 108 106
PORTUGAL 27 11 10 15 17 19 20 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 72 90 93 96 80 74
SWEDEN 137 89 92 114 135 148 147 169 166 175 123 128
SWITZERLAND 113 93 91 125 150 153 138 165 168 177 169 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 58 58 55 70 76 90 84 95 97 100 83 81r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
CANADA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
JAPAN: INCLUDING ORDNANCE.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 107
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 39)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.74 9.21 9.48 9.78 10.11 10.44 10.84 11.30 11.70 12.25 12.62 12.91
CANADA (1) .. 9.31 9.25 9.06 10.13 11.23 12.56 13.47 13.77 12.58 12.64 12.31
MEXICO .. .. 1.20 .94 .84 .94 1.11 1.15 1.36 1.59 1.86 1.76
JAPAN (1) 2.51 5.49 5.59 7.79 9.23 10.68 10.95 11.26 13.09 14.77 17.55 19.59
KOREA .26 .95 .97 1.04 1.28 1.79 2.49 2.97 3.70 4.25 4.70 5.12
SINGAPORE .63 2.14 2.15 1.94 2.01 2.32 2.92 3.41 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .36 1.25 1.33 1.49 1.95 2.44 3.06 3.42 3.70 4.40 4.41 4.78
BELGIUM 4.93 6.28 6.51 9.26 11.20 11.23 10.87 13.48 14.14 15.92 15.21 16.52
DENMARK 5.54 7.50 7.70 10.48 14.00 14.39 13.77 17.13 17.38 18.80 17.64 ..
FRANCE 4.01 6.63 6.93 9.39 11.21 11.78 11.41 13.85 13.87 15.36 14.76 15.50
GERMANY (1) 5.07 7.50 7.63 10.79 13.71 14.82 14.36 17.72 18.36 20.62 20.39 21.66
GREECE 1.46 3.33 3.32 3.67 4.19 4.63 4.73 5.81 5.97 6.50 6.13 6.67
IRELAND 2.18 4.51 4.86 6.68 7.49 8.28 8.07 9.92 9.92 10.97 10.21 10.81
ITALY 5.37 6.54 6.67 9.00 11.05 11.74 12.20 15.05 15.80 16.64 13.60 13.74
PORTUGAL 1.26 1.00 .99 1.45 1.72 1.98 2.16 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.80 10.15 10.85 11.74 10.05 9.61
SWEDEN 6.48 8.23 8.73 11.12 13.63 15.41 15.96 19.08 19.43 21.45 15.47 16.50
SWITZERLAND 5.34 8.59 8.58 12.23 15.18 16.00 14.96 18.68 19.71 21.70 21.28 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 2.73 5.35 5.25 6.86 7.73 9.35 9.10 10.78 11.36 12.27 10.43 10.41r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
CANADA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
JAPAN: INCLUDING ORDNANCE.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 108
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 39)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.74 9.21 9.48 9.78 10.11 10.44 10.84 11.30 11.70 12.25 12.62 12.91
CANADA (1) .. 12.06 12.64 12.59 13.43 13.83 14.87 15.72 15.78 15.21 16.30 16.82
MEXICO .. .. 309 574 1153 2144 2743 3226 4090 4927 5.78 5.94
JAPAN (1) 745 1303 1334 1312 1335 1370 1512 1633 1762 1873 1949 2003
KOREA 128 768 845 914 1051 1306 1672 2102 2712 3315 3772 4111
SINGAPORE 1.49 4.57 4.73 4.23 4.24 4.67 5.69 6.18 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 13.49 49.41 52.99 56.25 62.10 69.65 80.88 92.10 99.13 110.72 116.63 126.52
BELGIUM 181.05 362.67 386.08 413.76 418.54 413.19 428.23 450.39 483.50 511.92 526.04 552.10
DENMARK 31.79 77.58 81.61 84.80 95.89 97.03 100.84 106.05 111.32 113.47 114.43 ..
FRANCE 17.16 57.89 62.25 65.04 67.39 70.22 72.79 75.44 78.34 81.31 83.66 85.95
GERMANY (1) 12.44 21.34 22.44 23.41 24.66 26.03 27.01 28.66 30.49 32.21 33.75 35.13
GREECE 47 375 458 514 568 658 768 922 1088 1238 1406 1619
IRELAND .98 4.15 4.56 4.98 5.04 5.42 5.69 5.98 6.15 6.44 6.97 7.22
ITALY 3505 11490 12724 13424 14336 15291 16732 18034 19608 20500 21395 22139
PORTUGAL 32.14 147.90 170.03 217.91 243.25 285.75 340.59 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 923 1035 1128 1202 1281 1286
SWEDEN 26.84 68.04 75.12 79.28 86.53 94.54 103.07 113.00 117.56 124.94 120.57 127.30
SWITZERLAND 13.78 20.18 21.08 21.99 22.65 23.43 24.49 25.97 28.31 30.51 31.46 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.23 4.00 4.05 4.67 4.71 5.25 5.55 6.04 6.43 6.95 6.95 6.79r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
CANADA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
JAPAN: INCLUDING ORDNANCE.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
Technical Notes Introduction The accompanying tables present international comparisons of hourly compensation costs for production workers in manufacturing industries in selected countries or areas. The total compensation measures are prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in order to assess international differences in employer labor costs. Comparisons based on the more readily available average earnings statistics published by many countries can be very misleading: National definitions of average earnings differ considerably; average earnings do not include all items of labor compensation; and the omitted items of compensation frequently represent a large proportion of total compensation. The compensation measures are computed in national currency units and are converted into U.S. dollars at prevailing commercial market currency exchange rates. They are an appropriate measure for comparing levels of employer labor costs. They do not indicate relative living standards of workers or the purchasing power of their income. Prices of goods and services vary greatly among countries, and commercial market exchange rates are not reliable indicators of relative differences in prices. Definitions Hourly compensation is defined as (1) all payments made directly to the worker--pay for time worked (basic time and piece rates plus overtime premiums, shift differentials, other bonuses and premiums paid regularly each pay period, and cost-of-living adjustments), pay for time not worked (vacations, holidays, and other leave), seasonal or irregular bonuses, other special payments, selected social allowances, and the cost of payments in kind--before payroll deductions of any kind, and (2) employer expenditures for legally required insurance programs and contractual and private benefit plans. In addition, for some countries, compensation is adjusted for other taxes on payrolls or employment (or reduced to reflect subsidies), even if they do not finance programs that directly benefit workers, because such taxes are regarded as labor costs. For consistency, compensation is measured on an hours-worked basis for every country. The BLS definition of hourly compensation costs is not the same as the International Labour Office (ILO) definition of total labor costs. Hourly compensation costs do not include all items of labor costs. The costs of recruitment, employee training, and plant facilities and services--such as cafeterias and medical clinics--are not included because data are not available for most countries. The labor costs not included account for no more than 4 percent of total labor costs in any country for which the data are available. Production workers generally include those employees who are engaged in fabricating, assembly, and related activities; material handling, warehousing, and shipping; maintenance and repair; janitorial and guard services; auxiliary production (e.g., powerplants); and other services closely related to the above activities. Working supervisors are generally included; apprentices and other trainees are generally excluded. Methods Total compensation is computed by adjusting each country's average earnings series for items of direct pay not included in earnings and for employer expenditures for legally required insurance, contractual and private benefit plans, and other labor taxes. For the United States and other countries that measure earnings on an hours-paid basis, the figures are also adjusted in order to approximate compensation per hour worked. Descriptions of the country surveys used for the Bureau's comparative measures, including definitions and survey coverage, are based on information provided by each country. Earnings statistics are obtained from surveys of employment, hours, and earnings for most countries. They are obtained from surveys or censuses of manufactures for seven countries--Mexico, India, Israel, Pakistan, Austria, Denmark, and Portugal. The surveys of employment, hours, and earnings are stratified sample surveys of establishments for most countries (except they are full surveys of establishments covered for Finland, Luxembourg, and Norway and a judgement sample for Switzerland). The surveys of manufactures are stratified sample surveys of establishments which collect data on industrial production and other industrial statistics, including labor input and labor cost. Censuses are complete enumerations of business establishments. Adjustment factors are obtained from periodic labor cost surveys and interpolated or projected to nonsurvey years on the basis of other available information for most countries. The labor cost surveys are stratified sample surveys of establishments (full surveys for Ireland, Italy, and Luxembourg). The information used to interpolate or project the adjustment factors to nonsurvey years includes annual tabulations on employer social security contribution rates provided by the International Studies Staff of the U.S. Social Security Administration, information on contractual and legislated fringe benefit changes from ILO and national labor bulletins, and statistical series on indirect labor costs. The adjustment factors are obtained from surveys of manufactures for Mexico and Portugal, and from reports on fringe benefit systems and social security for Hong Kong, Israel, New Zealand, Pakistan, Singapore, and Sri Lanka. For the United States, the adjustment factors are special calculations for international comparisons based on data from several surveys. The statistics are also adjusted, where necessary, to account for major differences in worker coverage; differences in industrial classification systems; and changes over time in survey coverage, sample benchmarks, or frequency of surveys. Nevertheless, some differences in industrial coverage remain and, with the exception of the United States, Canada, and several other countries, the data exclude very small establishments (less than 5 employees in Japan and less than 10 employees in most European and some other countries). Exceptions to the standard coverage and definitions and special estimation procedures are explained in the country notes below. Hourly compensation costs are converted to U.S. dollars using the average daily exchange rate for the reference period. Changes in hourly compensation in U.S. dollars from one period to another are therefore affected by changes in currency exchange rates as well as by changes in compensation. The exchange rates used are prevailing commercial market exchange rates as published by either the U.S. Federal Reserve Board or the International Monetary Fund. The exchange rates used are shown below. Data Limitations Because compensation is partly estimated, the statistics should not be considered as precise measures of comparative compensation costs. In addition, the figures are subject to revision as the results of new labor cost surveys or other data used to estimate total compensation become available. Labor Costs Versus Labor Income The hourly compensation figures in U.S. dollars shown in the tables provide comparative measures of employer labor costs; they do not provide intercountry comparisons of the purchasing power of worker incomes. Prices of goods and services vary greatly among countries, and the commercial market exchange rates used to compare employer labor costs do not reliably indicate relative differences in prices. Purchasing-power-parities--that is, the number of foreign currency units required to buy goods and services equivalent to what can be purchased with one unit of U.S. or other base-country currency--must be used for meaningful international comparisons of the relative purchasing power of worker incomes. Total compensation converted to U.S. dollars at purchasing power parities would provide one measure for comparing relative real levels of labor income. It should be noted, however, that total compensation includes employer payments to funds for the benefit of workers in addition to payments made directly to workers. (For a few countries, the compensation measures also include taxes or subsidies on payrolls or employment even if they do not finance programs which directly benefit workers.) Payments into these funds provide either deferred income (e.g., payments to retirement funds), a type of insurance (e.g., payments to unemployment or health benefit funds), or current social benefits (e.g., family allowances), and the relationship between employer payments and current or future worker benefits is indirect. On the other hand, excluding these payments would understate the total value of income derived from work because they substitute for worker savings or self-insurance to cover retirement, medical costs, etc. Total compensation, since it takes account of employer payments into funds for the benefit of workers, is a broader income concept than either total direct earnings or direct spendable earnings. An even broader concept would take account of all social benefits available to workers, including those financed out of general revenues as well as those financed through employment or payroll taxes. Country Notes Canada: For ship and boat building, the adjustment factor relates to shipbuilding only. Mexico: Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Australia: Earnings and compensation relate to production workers and non-production workers other than those in managerial, executive, professional, and higher supervisory positions. Adjustment factors relate to all manufacturing for every industry. Hong Kong: Total manufacturing is the average of selected manufacturing industries. The industries covered accounted for about 70 percent of all persons employed in manufacturing in 1988. Compensation excludes overtime pay. Adjustment factors are constants for each industry based on supplementary benefit data for 1982. India: Hourly earnings refer to workers earning less than 1000 rupees per month (1975, 400 rupees) and are estimated from average monthly earnings by assuming 190 hours of work per month. Hourly compensation is the mid-point of an estimated average compensation range, computed using a constant range for the additional compensation adjustment factor. Israel: Hourly earnings are estimated from average daily earnings by assuming eight hours of work per day. For years since 1978, daily earnings for production workers are estimated on the basis of the trend in daily earnings for all employees. Hourly compensation is the mid-point of an estimated average compensation range, computed using a constant range for the additional compensation adjustment factor. Japan: There are breaks in series at 1990, 1991, and 1993 for the following Japanese 3-digit industries: glass and glassware, pottery and related products, basic iron and steel, electronic equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, and ship and boat building. The breaks in series are because of earnings survey changes and benchmarks; data for other industries are linked. Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Adjustment factors for the appropriate Japanese 2-digit industries are used for the following 3-digit industries: glass and glassware, pottery and related products, basic iron and steel, electronic equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, and ship and boat building. For plastics products and miscellaneous manufacturing, the ratios refer to miscellaneous (including plastics products) manufacturing, and for rubber and plastics products to rubber and miscellaneous (including plastics products) manufacturing. Korea: Data for some component industries are not available for 1993-94 because of a change in the Korean industrial classification. Hourly earnings for production workers for 1975-84 are estimated on the basis of average hourly earnings for all employees adjusted for the relative level of production worker monthly earnings to all employee earnings; they are linked to new earnings data for production workers at 1985. Special estimates derived from annual survey of manufactures data are made for the following industries: rubber tires, basic iron and steel, electronic equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, and ship and boat building. Adjustment factors relate to all employees, and are based on labor cost surveys for 1982-1993. Adjustment factors for the appropriate Korean 3-digit industries were used for the following 4-digit industries: rubber tires, basic iron and steel, electronic equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, and ship and boat building. New Zealand: Hourly earnings are the mid-point of an estimated production worker earnings range (80-90 percent of all employee earnings). Hourly compensation is the mid-point of an estimated average compensation range, computed using a constant range for the additional compensation adjustment factor. Pakistan: Hourly earnings are estimated from average monthly earnings by assuming 192 hours of work per month. Hourly compensation is the mid-point of an estimated average compensation range, computed using a constant range for the additional compensation adjustment factor. Singapore: Adjustment factors relate to all manufacturing for every industry. Hourly compensation costs are estimated for the years since 1985 using the trend in average weekly earnings and benefit costs for production workers or average compensation per employee from the national accounts. Taiwan: Adjustment factors relate to all employees, and are based on labor cost surveys for 1984-1990. Adjustment factors for the appropriate Taiwanese 2-digit industries are used for the following 3-digit industries: lumber and wood products, furniture and fixtures; paper and allied products, printing and publishing; rubber tires, glass and glassware, pottery and related products; iron and steel, nonferrous metals; electronic equipment; motor vehicles and equipment, aircraft and parts, and ship and boat building. Austria: Excludes workers in establishments considered handicraft manufacturers. (All printing and publishing and miscellaneous manufacturing establishments are classified in handicrafts.) In 1986, handicraft employment was about 35 percent of all manufacturing employment. Average compensation per employee was about 10 percent lower in manufacturing including handicrafts than in manufacturing excluding handicrafts. Belgium: For lumber and wood products manufacturing and wood furniture and fixtures manufacturing, the adjustment factors relate to lumber, wood products, and wood furniture. Finland: There is a break in series between 1993 and 1994 because of a new earnings survey for which adjustment or link cannot be made. For comparability with other countries, compensation excludes some obligatory training and plant facilities costs; these costs would add 1.6 percent to average hourly compensation costs in 1994. For lumber and wood products manufacturing and wood furniture and fixtures manufacturing, the adjustment factors relate to lumber, wood products, and wood furniture. France: Adjustment factors relate to all employees. For lumber and wood products manufacturing and wood furniture and fixtures manufacturing, the adjustment factors relate to lumber, wood products, and wood furniture. Germany: Refers to former West Germany. Excludes workers in establishments considered handicraft manufacturers. In 1990, handicraft employment was about 25 percent of all manufacturing employment. Average hourly earnings of production workers were about 3 percent lower in manufacturing including handicrafts than in manufacturing excluding handicrafts. Greece: For lumber and wood products manufacturing and wood furniture and fixtures manufacturing, the adjustment factors relate to lumber, wood products, and wood furniture. Ireland: Earnings refer to September for 1975-1976. Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Compensation excludes redundancy pay. Italy: Both hourly earnings and additional compensation adjustment factors are obtained from periodic labor cost surveys and interpolated or projected to nonsurvey years using the trend in contractual wage rates and in benefit entitlements and costs. Netherlands: Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Norway: For comparability with other countries, compensation excludes some obligatory training and plant facilities costs; these costs would add 2.2 percent to average hourly compensation costs in 1994. Adjustment factor for all primary metal, metal products, machinery, and equipment manufacturing are used for the following component industries: primary metals; metal products, machinery, and equipment; and ship and boat building and repairing. Portugal: Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Spain: Hourly earnings for all manufacturing in 1975-1976 are estimated on the basis of 1977 manufacturing earnings and the general earnings trend for the total private non-farm economy. Adjustment factors relate to all employees. For electronic equipment, the adjustment factor relates to electronic and other electrical equipment. United Kingdom: Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Exchange Rates: National currency units per U.S. dollar, 1975 and 1984-1995 Page 115 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Country or area 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ United States 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Canada 1.017 1.295 1.366 1.390 1.326 1.231 1.184 1.167 1.146 1.209 1.290 1.366 1.373 Mexico 12.50 167.8 256.9 611.8 1,378 2,273 2,461 2,813 3,018 3,095 3.116 3.375 6.419 Australia .7647 1.137 1.428 1.490 1.426 1.275 1.263 1.281 1.284 1.360 1.471 1.367 1.350 Hong Kong 4.939 7.819 7.791 7.804 7.798 7.807 7.801 7.790 7.771 7.740 7.736 7.729 7.736 India 8.376 11.36 12.37 12.61 12.96 13.92 16.23 17.50 22.74 25.92 30.49 31.37 32.43 Israel .6390 293.2 1.179 1.488 1.595 1.599 1.916 2.016 2.279 2.459 2.830 3.011 3.011 Japan 296.7 237.4 238.5 168.4 144.6 128.2 138.1 145.0 134.6 126.8 111.1 102.2 93.96 Korea 484.0 806.0 870.0 881.4 822.6 731.5 671.5 707.8 733.4 780.6 802.7 803.5 771.3 New Zealand .8254 1.729 2.010 1.906 1.686 1.525 1.685 1.677 1.729 1.859 1.847 1.685 1.524 Pakistan 9.900 14.05 15.93 16.65 17.40 18.00 20.54 21.71 23.80 25.08 28.11 30.57 31.64 Singapore 2.371 2.133 2.200 2.177 2.106 2.012 1.950 1.813 1.728 1.629 1.616 1.527 1.417 Sri Lanka 7.050 25.44 27.16 28.02 29.44 31.81 36.05 40.06 41.37 43.83 48.32 49.42 51.25 Taiwan 38.00 39.60 39.85 37.84 31.84 28.59 26.41 26.92 26.76 25.16 26.42 26.47 26.50 Austria 17.40 20.00 20.68 15.26 12.65 12.36 13.24 11.33 11.69 10.99 11.64 11.41 10.08 Belgium 36.69 57.75 59.34 44.66 37.36 36.78 39.41 33.42 34.20 32.15 34.58 33.43 29.47 Denmark 5.735 10.35 10.60 8.095 6.848 6.741 7.321 6.190 6.404 6.037 6.486 6.356 5.600 Finland 3.665 6.001 6.197 5.072 4.404 4.193 4.296 3.830 4.052 4.487 5.725 5.234 4.376 France 4.282 8.736 8.980 6.926 6.012 5.959 6.380 5.447 5.647 5.294 5.667 5.546 4.986 Germany 2.455 2.845 2.942 2.170 1.798 1.757 1.881 1.617 1.661 1.562 1.655 1.622 1.432 Greece 32.29 112.7 138.1 140.0 135.4 141.9 162.4 158.5 182.3 190.6 229.3 242.6 231.6 Ireland .4500 .9205 .9379 .7455 .6721 .6553 .7052 .6033 .6196 .5868 .6827 .6680 .6236 Italy 652.4 1,756 1,909 1,491 1,297 1,302 1,372 1,198 1,241 1,232 1,573 1,611 1,629 Luxembourg 36.78 57.78 59.38 44.67 37.33 36.77 39.40 33.42 34.15 32.15 34.60 33.46 29.48 Netherlands 2.523 3.208 3.318 2.448 2.026 1.978 2.122 1.822 1.872 1.759 1.858 1.819 1.604 Norway 5.214 8.160 8.593 7.398 6.741 6.524 6.913 6.254 6.491 6.214 7.098 7.055 6.336 Portugal 25.45 147.7 172.1 149.8 141.2 144.3 157.5 142.7 144.8 135.1 161.1 165.9 149.9 Spain 57.39 160.8 170.0 140.0 123.5 116.5 118.4 102.0 104.0 102.4 127.5 133.9 124.6 Sweden 4.142 8.271 8.603 7.127 6.347 6.137 6.456 5.923 6.052 5.826 7.796 7.716 7.141 Switzerland 2.581 2.350 2.455 1.798 1.492 1.464 1.637 1.390 1.436 1.406 1.478 1.367 1.181 United Kingdom .4501 .7482 .7708 .6813 .6098 .5614 .6104 .5605 .5658 .5662 .6660 .6528 .6335 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note: National currency units are: United States, dollar; Canada, dollar; Mexico, old peso (1975-92), new peso (1993- 95); Australia, dollar; Hong Kong, dollar; India, rupee; Israel, shekel (1975-84), new shekel (1985-95); Japan, yen; Korea, won; New Zealand, dollar; Pakistan, rupee; Singapore, dollar; Sri Lanka, rupee; Taiwan, dollar; Austria, shilling; Belgium, franc; Denmark, krone; Finland, markka; France, franc; Germany, mark; Greece, drachma; Ireland, pound; Italy, lira; Luxembourg, franc; Netherlands, guilder; Norway, krone; Portugal, escudo; Spain, peseta; Sweden, krona; Switzerland, franc; Turkey, lira; United Kingdom, pound. 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