World Development Report 1996. Statistical Annex
Table 16. Balance of payments
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Current transfers Current account
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Exports of goods Imports of goods Net workers' Other net private balance before Gross international
and services /a and services /a remittances transfers official transfers reserves
(million $) (million $) (million $) (million $) (million $) (million $)
------------------------ ------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------------
1980 1994 1980 1994 1980 1994 1980 1994 1980 1994 1980 1994
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Low-income economies 105,529 t 237,848 t 136,812 t 285,936 t 42,943 t 119,140 t
Excluding China & India 74,386 t 76,664 t 98,041 t 121,425 t 20,842 t 37,138 t
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1 Rwanda 182 51 335 496 -14 0 11 45 (155) (400) 187 39
2 Mozambique 452 341 875 1,403 0 55 0 138 (423) (870) .. ..
3 Ethiopia /b 590 563 797 1,189 22 247 58 61 (126) (317) 262 588
4 Tanzania 762 855 1,412 2,067 0 0 22 450 (628) (762) .. ..
5 Burundi .. 106 .. 307 .. 0 .. 29 .. (171) 105 211
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6 Sierra Leone 276 .. 494 .. (2) .. 10 .. (209) .. .. ..
7 Malawi 315 390 638 639 0 0 13 18 (310) (230) 76 48
8 Chad 71 181 83 336 (4) .. 0 (8) (16) (163) 12 80
9 Uganda 331 333 450 901 (2) 0 .. 304 (121) (265) .. ..
10 Madagascar 518 630 1,121 988 (30) (2) 10 33 (623) (327) .. ..
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11 Nepal 239 1,004 368 1,320 0 70 29 (4) (100) (250) 272 752
12 Vietnam .. 4,918 .. 6,218 .. .. .. 170 .. (1,130) .. ..
13 Bangladesh 976 3,220 2,622 4,830 197 1,090 13 154 (1,436) (366) 331 3,175
14 Haiti 309 64 498 216 52 0 0 43 (137) (109) 27 ..
15 Niger 644 245 1,016 351 (47) 10 (9) (10) (429) (106) 132 115
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16 Guinea-Bissau 17 55 83 102 (14) 0 0 9 (80) (37) .. ..
17 Kenya 2,061 2,666 3,095 2,844 0 (3) 27 151 (1,006) (30) 539 588
18 Mali 263 392 537 817 40 85 0 146 (234) (194) 26 229
19 Nigeria 27,749 9,879 22,044 12,504 (410) 546 0 (0) 5,295 (2,079) 10,640 1,649
20 Yemen, Rep. .. 2,010 .. 3,178 .. 1,059 .. (15) .. (124) .. 274
----- - -
21 Burkina Faso 225 343 596 933 100 71 12 26 (259) (493) 75 241
22 Mongolia 443 421 934 481 0 0 (0) (0) (491) (59) .. 94
23 India 12,348 35,020 18,105 43,692 2,786 4,976 74 1,224 (2,897) (2,473) 12,010 24,221
24 Lao PDR .. 259 .. 400 .. 0 .. 10 (99) (131) .. 68
25 Togo 570 305 752 341 1 5 (0) (0) (181) (31) 85 99
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26 Gambia, The 66 220 181 254 0 0 4 13 (112) (20) .. ..
27 Nicaragua 514 459 1,049 1,429 0 30 2 0 (534) (940) 75 146
28 Zambia 1,625 1,185 1,987 1,593 (61) .. (122) (19) (545) (427) 206 ..
29 Tajikistan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
30 Benin 241 405 428 518 75 65 0 0 (112) (48) 15 262
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31 Central African Rep. 205 186 329 280 (19) .. 3 0 (141) (95) 62 214
32 Albania 386 276 375 775 0 265 6 (4) 16 (238) 209 ..
33 Ghana 1,213 1,386 1,264 2,123 (4) 12 0 259 (54) (466) 330 689
34 Pakistan 3,010 8,401 6,042 12,812 1,748 1,446 147 945 (1,137) (2,020) 1,568 3,716
35 Mauritania 270 427 493 568 (27) 24 (1) (23) (251) (140) 146 44
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36 Azerbaijan .. 637 .. 852 .. .. .. 36 .. (179) .. ..
37 Zimbabwe 1,719 2,016 1,900 2,338 8 0 (129) 26 (302) (295) 419 585
38 Guinea 553 678 577 952 (8) 9 5 (50) (26) (315) .. ..
39 China 20,901 124,665 24,752 118,344 640 395 0 441 (3,211) 7,157 10,091 57,781
40 Honduras 967 1,370 1,306 1,859 0 90 8 5 (331) (394) 159 179
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41 Senegal 830 1,349 1,337 1,740 (15) 40 (4) 1 (526) (350) 25 191
42 C“te d'Ivoire 3,640 3,177 4,761 3,590 (716) (312) 0 0 (1,836) (726) 46 221
43 Congo 1,029 1,078 1,195 1,400 (38) .. (26) (25) (230) (346) 93 55
44 Kyrgyz Republic .. 340 .. 490 .. 0 .. (52) .. (202) .. ..
45 Sri Lanka 1,340 4,087 2,269 5,646 152 698 (16) (72) (793) (933) 283 1,686
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46 Armenia .. 258 .. 525 .. 0 .. 36 .. (232) .. ..
47 Cameroon 1,828 2,210 2,226 2,485 11 52 (8) (34) (395) (257) 206 14
48 Egypt, Arab Rep. 6,516 10,511 9,745 16,121 2,696 5,073 95 0 (438) (536) 2,480 14,413
49 Lesotho 363 551 482 914 0 0 2 3 (117) (360) .. ..
50 Georgia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
51 Myanmar 556 1,125 869 1,776 0 0 7 312 (307) (339) 409 518
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Middle-income economies 662,723 t 1,047,195 t 670,749 t 1,214,187 t 173,363 t 316,491 t
Lower-middle-income .. .. .. .. 78,989 t 136,901 t
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52 Bolivia 1,046 1,226 1,112 1,670 0 (1) 13 25 (53) (419) 553 793
53 Macedonia, FYR .. 1,226 .. 1,733 .. .. .. 137 .. (370) .. 166
54 Moldova .. 618 .. 823 .. 0 .. 22 .. (183) .. 180
55 Indonesia 22,241 46,295 19,432 49,704 0 449 0 0 2,810 (2,960) 6,803 13,321
56 Philippines 7,997 24,033 10,348 27,809 202 367 97 93 (2,052) (3,316) 3,978 7,126
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57 Uzbekistan .. 3,561 .. 3,569 .. 0 .. 0 .. (8) .. ..
58 Morocco 3,270 7,035 5,807 9,901 989 2,061 15 55 (1,533) (750) 814 4,622
59 Kazakstan .. 3,114 .. 3,916 .. 0 .. 80 .. (722) .. ..
60 Guatemala 1,834 2,586 2,107 3,734 0 0 109 378 (165) (770) 753 943
61 Papua New Guinea 1,089 2,909 1,561 2,356 0 0 (106) (150) (578) 402 458 120
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62 Bulgaria 9,443 5,507 8,547 5,525 0 0 58 164 954 146 .. ..
63 Romania 12,160 7,158 14,580 7,704 0 0 0 194 (2,420) (352) 2,511 3,092
64 Ecuador 2,975 4,521 3,647 5,482 0 0 0 0 (672) (962) 1,257 2,003
65 Dominican Republic 1,313 2,601 2,237 3,253 183 420 17 0 (725) (232) 279 259
66 Lithuania .. 2,153 .. 2,463 .. 0 .. 31 .. (279) .. 597
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67 El Salvador 1,271 1,675 1,289 2,982 11 967 6 37 (1) (303) 382 829
68 Jordan 1,781 3,058 3,318 4,783 715 1,093 (120) (91) (942) (723) 1,745 1,997
69 Jamaica 1,422 2,680 1,678 3,112 51 327 31 120 (175) 15 105 ..
70 Paraguay 781 2,657 1,399 3,981 0 0 0 42 (618) (1,282) 783 1,030
71 Algeria 14,500 9,698 14,552 12,919 241 0 36 1,400 225 (1,821) 7,064 4,813
72 Colombia 5,860 12,428 6,231 16,283 68 211 96 651 (207) (2,993) 6,474 7,862
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* Data for Taiwan, Chi 22,627 112,899 23,445 105,524 .. .. (92) (1,316) (910) 6,059 4,055 97,653
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Note: For data comparability and coverage, see the technical notes. Figures in italics are for years other than those specified.
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73 Tunisia 3,356 6,983 4,119 8,086 304 675 (2) 8 (462) (419) 700 1,544
74 Ukraine .. 14,426 .. 15,837 .. 0 .. (566) .. (1,977) .. ..
75 Namibia .. 1,758 .. 1,806 .. 0 .. 30 .. (19) .. 203
76 Peru 4,832 5,996 5,080 9,197 0 280 0 (14) (248) (2,935) 2,804 7,420
77 Belarus .. 2,770 .. 3,345 .. .. .. 70 .. (505) .. ..
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78 Slovak Republic .. 9,138 .. 8,496 .. 0 .. 63 .. 706 .. 2,186
79 Latvia .. 1,263 .. 1,446 .. .. .. .. .. (158) .. 641
80 Costa Rica 1,219 3,399 1,897 4,004 0 0 20 89 (659) (517) 197 906
81 Poland 16,200 22,189 20,338 25,898 0 0 593 991 (3,545) (2,718) 574 6,023
82 Thailand 8,575 59,161 10,861 68,429 0 0 75 986 (2,212) (8,282) 3,026 30,280
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83 Turkey 3,672 30,084 9,251 30,589 2,071 2,627 82 126 (3,426) 2,248 3,298 8,633
84 Croatia .. 6,654 .. 6,872 .. 340 .. (116) .. 7 .. 1,410
85 Panama 7,736 7,647 8,062 7,756 0 0 (52) (25) (378) (136) .. ..
86 Russian Federation / .. 59,006 .. 59,208 .. .. .. 0 .. (202) .. 7,206
87 Venezuela 22,232 19,170 17,065 15,993 (418) (746) 0 436 4,749 2,450 13,360 12,459
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88 Botswana 748 2,356 954 2,096 (17) .. 15 (85) (207) 174 .. ..
89 Estonia .. 1,173 .. 1,240 .. (0) .. (0) .. (68) .. 446
90 Iran, Islamic Rep. 14,073 19,765 16,509 16,384 0 0 0 1,200 (2,436) 4,581 12,783 ..
91 Turkmenistan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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Upper-middle-income 305,516 t 488,002 t 286,289 t 569,204 t 94,374 t 179,589 t
92 Brazil 23,275 50,674 36,250 54,474 1 0 126 2,597 (12,848) (1,203) 6,875 38,492
93 South Africa 29,258 29,580 25,989 30,215 0 0 94 (19) 3,363 (654) 7,888 3,295
94 Mauritius 574 2,087 712 2,385 0 0 10 68 (129) (230) 113 771
95 Czech Republic .. 19,602 .. 19,744 .. 0 .. 126 .. (16) .. 6,949
96 Malaysia 14,836 65,795 15,100 70,106 0 0 (43) 48 (307) (4,262) 5,755 26,339
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97 Chile 6,276 14,881 8,360 15,978 0 0 64 52 (2,020) (1,045) 4,128 13,802
98 Trinidad and Tobago 3,371 2,161 2,972 1,943 1 26 (44) (30) 357 213 2,813 373
99 Hungary 9,780 11,441 10,374 16,404 0 0 63 896 (531) (4,067) .. 6,853
100 Gabon 2,434 2,418 1,926 2,275 (143) .. (14) (72) 350 71 115 180
101 Mexico 22,240 53,607 33,496 86,406 687 3,705 106 216 (10,463) (28,878) 4,175 6,441
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102 Uruguay 1,594 3,442 2,312 3,892 0 0 2 33 (716) (416) 2,401 1,622
103 Oman 3,852 5,800 2,650 5,558 (362) (1,329) 0 (0) 840 (1,087) 704 1,090
104 Slovenia .. 8,628 .. 8,185 .. 56 .. 33 .. 532 .. 1,499
105 Saudi Arabia 114,208 54,598 62,710 52,159 (4,094)(15,717) 0 0 47,404 (13,278) 26,129 9,139
106 Greece 8,374 15,650 11,670 22,732 1,066 2,576 21 53 (2,209) (4,453) 3,607 15,809
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107 Argentina 11,202 21,029 15,999 31,421 0 0 23 318 (4,774) (10,074) 9,297 16,003
108 Korea, Rep. 22,577 116,228 28,347 121,364 0 0 399 832 (5,371) (4,304) 3,101 25,764
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Low- and middle-income 763,625 t 1,290,939 t 797,322 t 1,484,372 t 216,306 t 435,631 t
Sub-Saharan Africa 91,798 t 79,026 t 96,504 t 100,724 t 22,249 t 20,107 t
South Asia 18,792 t 52,585 t 30,493 t 69,750 t 15,403 t 31,901 t
East Asia & Pacific 101,752 t 451,795 t 117,669 t 482,575 t 33,794 t 161,686 t
Europe and Central Asia .. .. .. .. 11,445 t 63,580 t
Middle East & N. Africa 218,507 t .. 165,659 t .. 76,217 t 46,538 t
Latin America & Caribbe 132,434 t 233,334 t 178,545 t 319,456 t 57,197 t 111,820 t
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High-income economies 1,908,362 t 4,923,317 t 1,916,810 t 4,792,515 t 730,811 t 1,031,132 t
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109 Portugal 6,846 24,586 10,916 30,354 2,928 3,844 71 (3) (1,072) (1,926) 13,863 21,671
110 New Zealand 6,561 16,011 7,630 18,116 143 177 (35) 806 (961) (1,123) 365 3,709
111 Spain 33,863 111,791 41,089 121,337 1,647 1,780 411 99 (5,168) (7,667) 20,474 47,531
112 Ireland 10,418 40,446 13,754 39,483 0 0 123 (52) (3,213) 911 3,071 6,253
113 +Israel 9,858 24,527 13,458 33,898 0 0 1,060 3,260 (2,540) (6,111) 4,055 6,796
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114 Australia 26,668 58,062 30,683 68,755 0 0 295 738 (3,720) (9,955) 6,366 14,313
115 United Kingdom 201,137 386,474 189,683 380,663 0 0 (473) (398) 10,980 5,414 31,755 48,079
116 Finland 17,332 36,490 18,621 34,992 0 0 (20) (96) (1,308) 1,402 2,451 11,430
117 Italy 105,011 278,378 116,794 256,921 1,609 242 (155) (247) (10,329) 21,453 62,428 57,817
118 +Kuwait 27,344 17,927 10,463 12,261 (692) (1,445) 0 0 16,190 4,221 5,425 4,474
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119 Canada 77,995 190,101 79,859 209,087 0 0 53 832 (1,811) (18,153) 15,462 13,775
120 +Hong Kong 24,190 .. 25,448 .. .. .. .. .. (1,258) .. .. ..
121 Netherlands 97,922 197,115 97,610 180,466 (316) (395) (498) (1,547) (503) 14,707 37,549 47,859
122 +Singapore 25,239 101,929 26,695 99,194 0 0 (104) (482) (1,560) 2,253 .. ..
123 Belgium /d 88,925 224,364 92,625 209,188 (266) (360) (104) (240) (4,070) 14,576 27,974 23,474
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124 France 171,817 424,737 171,856 408,318 (2,591) (1,290) 137 (87) (2,494) 15,043 75,592 57,627
125 Sweden 39,388 83,406 42,495 80,711 0 91 (301) (273) (3,407) 2,513 6,996 25,579
126 Austria 29,152 82,237 32,951 83,834 (67) 33 9 (294) (3,857) (1,858) 17,725 23,852
127 Germany /e 233,971 565,307 235,078 554,118 (4,437) (4,634) (1,464) (4,228) (7,007) 2,327 104,702 113,841
128 United States 344,440 836,415 333,830 957,209 (810) (7,680) (220) (8,010) 9,580 (136,484) 171,413 163,591
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129 Norway 28,252 50,837 26,658 45,573 (23) (236) (32) (215) 1,539 4,813 6,746 19,479
130 Denmark 24,152 72,481 26,642 67,263 0 0 (89) (133) (2,578) 5,086 4,347 9,680
131 Japan 158,230 600,110 167,450 463,390 0 0 (240) (2,820) (9,460) 133,900 38,919 135,145
132 Switzerland 59,462 119,920 58,524 100,364 (603) (2,007) (98) (220) 238 17,329 64,748 66,645
133 +United Arab Emirates .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,800 .. 2,355 6,964
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World 2,639,869 t 6,275,740 t 2,666,779 t 6,276,817 t 947,117 t 1,466,763 t
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a. Corresponds to the 4th edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual definition. b. Data prior to 1992 include Eritrea.
c. Excludes trade with other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
d. Includes Luxembourg. e. Data prior to 1990 refer to the Federal Republic of Germany before unification.
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