World Development Report 1996. Statistical Annex
Table 15. Exports and imports of merchandise
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Exports Imports
-
Total Manufactures Total Food Fuels Average annual growth rate (%)
(million $) (% of total) (million $) (% of total) (% of total) Exports Imports
----------------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------ -----------------
1980 1994 1980 1993 1980 1994 1980 1993 1980 1993 1980-90 1990-94 1980-90 1990-94
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Low-income economies 85,945 t 202,239 t 102,726 t 218,960 t 5.7 w 9.1 w 1.6 w 13.0 w
Excluding China & India 60,700 t 56,192 t 69,547 t 76,433 t 1.0 w 2.6 w -4.0 w 3.9 w
1 Rwanda 112 .. 0 .. 243 .. 12 .. 13 .. 5.6 -19.6 1.3 -1.9
2 Mozambique 281 .. 2 20 800 1,000 .. .. .. .. -10.5 -0.3 -1.0 2.9
3 Ethiopia /a 425 372 0 12 717 1,033 8 16 25 23 1.2 -9.4 3.3 -3.3
4 Tanzania 511 519 14 .. 1,250 1,505 13 .. 21 .. -1.8 10.0 -3.3 12.7
5 Burundi 65 106 3 10 168 224 13 .. 19 .. 7.4 -4.8 1.4 -14.6
----- -- --
6 Sierra Leone 224 115 40 29 427 150 24 .. 2 .. -2.1 -4.3 -9.9 -1.1
7 Malawi 295 325 7 4 439 491 8 8 15 11 0.1 -1.8 1.3 -1.6
8 Chad 71 .. 8 12 74 .. 23 .. 2 .. 5.4 -10.0 10.5 -12.1
9 Uganda 345 421 3 1 293 870 11 .. 23 .. -1.4 3.9 -0.6 28.7
10 Madagascar 401 277 6 20 600 434 9 14 15 19 -0.1 -6.8 -4.6 -5.6
----- -- --
11 Nepal 80 363 31 88 342 1,176 4 9 18 12 7.8 22.1 4.9 6.8
12 Vietnam 339 3,770 .. .. 1,310 4,440 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
13 Bangladesh 793 2,661 69 83 2,600 4,701 24 16 10 10 7.5 12.7 1.8 5.3
14 Haiti 226 73 .. .. 375 292 24 .. 13 .. -2.9 -11.2 -4.4 -6.8
15 Niger 566 .. 2 .. 594 .. 14 .. 26 .. -6.4 -2.0 -4.5 2.5
----- -- --
16 Guinea-Bissau 11 32 .. .. 55 63 20 .. 6 .. -5.1 -18.3 1.3 -5.4
17 Kenya 1,250 1,609 12 29 2,120 2,156 8 14 34 15 2.6 16.6 1.1 -5.6
18 Mali 205 .. 9 .. 439 .. 19 .. 35 .. 2.6 -3.7 1.2 -3.4
19 Nigeria 26,000 9,378 0 2 16,700 6,511 17 6 2 1 -2.4 -1.9 -17.5 7.6
20 Yemen, Rep. 802 .. 51 4 2,510 .. 28 .. 7 .. 1.5 7.2 -5.9 11.1
----- - --
21 Burkina Faso 90 .. 11 14 359 .. 21 .. 13 .. 5.4 1.3 2.1 8.3
22 Mongolia .. 324 .. .. .. 223 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
23 India 8,590 25,000 59 75 14,900 26,846 9 3 45 27 6.3 7.0 4.5 2.7
24 Lao PDR 31 300 8 .. 29 564 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
25 Togo 338 .. 11 9 551 .. 17 22 23 10 4.9 9.0 1.1 -11.2
----- -- --
26 Gambia, The 31 35 9 36 165 209 23 .. 11 .. 2.3 26.9 1.0 9.0
27 Nicaragua 451 352 14 11 887 824 15 23 20 14 -4.4 -8.7 -4.1 7.3
28 Zambia 1,300 .. 6 9 1,340 .. 5 .. 22 .. -3.5 26.9 -5.0 -6.2
29 Tajikistan .. 531 .. .. .. 619 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
30 Benin 63 .. 8 11 331 .. 26 .. 8 .. 7.7 -0.3 -6.3 29.4
----- -- --
31 Central African Repu 116 .. 29 47 81 .. 21 .. 2 .. 2.5 3.5 6.0 -3.3
32 Albania .. 116 .. .. .. 596 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
33 Ghana 1,260 .. 1 24 1,130 .. 10 11 27 17 3.9 9.1 1.6 12.8
34 Pakistan 2,620 7,370 49 85 5,350 8,890 13 14 27 17 9.5 8.8 2.1 10.3
35 Mauritania 194 .. 2 1 286 .. 30 .. 14 .. 7.8 3.5 1.1 4.4
----- - --
36 Azerbaijan .. 682 .. .. .. 791 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
37 Zimbabwe 1,410 .. 38 38 1,450 .. 3 11 39 15 2.2 -6.6 -2.2 -5.1
38 Guinea 401 .. .. .. 270 .. .. .. .. .. -3.6 -8.6 -2.9 -2.8
39 China * 18,100 121,047 48 81 19,900 115,681 .. 3 .. 6 11.4 14.3 10.0 24.8
40 Honduras 830 843 13 13 1,010 1,056 10 13 16 14 1.3 10.7 -1.0 7.0
----- -- --
41 Senegal 477 .. 15 22 1,050 .. 25 29 25 11 2.6 3.6 1.0 6.1
42 C“te d'Ivoire 3,130 .. .. 16 2,970 2,000 13 .. 16 .. 3.3 -7.5 -4.0 5.4
43 Congo 911 .. 7 14 580 .. 19 .. 14 .. 5.5 9.7 -2.0 2.5
44 Kyrgyz Republic .. 340 .. .. .. 459 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
45 Sri Lanka 1,070 3,210 16 74 2,040 4,780 20 14 24 8 6.3 17.0 2.0 15.0
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46 Armenia .. 209 .. .. .. 401 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
47 Cameroon 1,380 .. 4 14 1,600 1,100 9 16 12 3 4.5 -1.7 -1.4 -11.2
48 Egypt, Arab Rep. 3,050 3,463 11 33 4,860 10,185 32 24 1 2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.7 -2.9
49 Lesotho 58 .. .. .. 464 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
50 Georgia .. 381 .. .. .. 744 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
51 Myanmar 472 771 6 10 353 886 7 .. 3 .. -7.0 27.2 -7.0 38.7
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Middle-income economies 606,399 t 826,822 t 453,101 t 890,818 t 3.5 w 7.0 w 1.0 w 9.8 w
Lower-middle-income .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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52 Bolivia 942 1,032 3 19 665 1,209 19 9 1 5 1.7 -5.4 -2.8 18.9
53 Macedonia, FYR .. 1,120 .. .. .. 1,260 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
54 Moldova .. 618 .. .. .. 672 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
55 Indonesia 21,900 40,054 2 53 10,800 31,985 13 7 16 8 5.3 21.3 1.2 9.1
56 Philippines 5,740 13,304 37 76 8,300 22,546 8 8 28 12 2.9 10.2 2.4 15.2
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57 Uzbekistan .. 3,543 .. .. .. 3,243 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
58 Morocco 2,490 4,013 24 57 4,160 7,188 20 17 24 14 4.2 0.8 2.9 1.7
59 Kazakstan .. 3,285 .. .. .. 4,205 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
60 Guatemala 1,520 1,522 24 30 1,600 2,604 8 11 24 12 -1.3 8.2 -0.6 19.3
61 Papua New Guinea 1,030 2,640 3 12 1,180 1,521 21 .. 15 .. 4.5 19.3 -0.2 2.1
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62 Bulgaria 10,400 4,165 .. .. 9,650 4,160 .. 8 .. 22 .. .. .. ..
63 Romania 11,200 6,151 .. 76 12,800 7,109 .. 14 .. 26 -6.8 -4.7 -0.9 -5.4
64 Ecuador 2,480 3,820 3 7 2,250 3,690 8 5 1 2 3.0 8.9 -3.9 10.0
65 Dominican Republic 962 633 24 52 1,640 2,630 17 .. 25 .. -1.0 -10.2 2.6 8.9
66 Lithuania .. 1,892 .. 64 .. 2,210 .. 11 .. 44 .. .. .. ..
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67 El Salvador 967 844 35 46 966 2,250 18 13 18 11 -2.8 13.0 1.3 16.2
68 Jordan 574 1,424 34 51 2,400 3,382 18 20 17 13 7.4 7.1 -3.1 13.0
69 Jamaica 963 1,192 63 65 1,100 2,164 20 14 38 19 1.2 1.3 3.1 7.0
70 Paraguay 310 817 12 17 615 2,370 .. 11 .. 12 9.9 -1.9 3.2 7.3
71 Algeria 13,900 8,594 0 4 10,600 8,000 21 27 3 1 2.5 -0.8 -5.1 -5.7
72 Colombia 3,920 8,399 20 40 4,740 11,883 12 8 12 4 9.7 4.8 -1.9 22.3
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* Data for Taiwan, China 19,800 92,847 88 93 19,700 85,507 8 6 25 8 11.6 5.9 12.8 14.2
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Note: For data comparability and coverage, see the technical notes. Figures in italics are for years other than those specified.
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73 Tunisia 2,200 4,660 36 75 3,540 6,580 14 8 21 8 6.2 7.7 1.3 6.4
74 Ukraine .. 11,818 .. .. .. 14,177 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
75 Namibia .. 1,321 .. .. .. 1,196 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
76 Peru 3,900 4,555 18 17 2,500 6,794 20 20 2 8 -1.9 11.0 -1.0 12.1
77 Belarus .. 3,134 .. .. .. 3,857 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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78 Slovak Republic .. 6,587 .. .. .. 6,823 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
79 Latvia .. 967 .. .. .. 1,367 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
80 Costa Rica 1,000 2,215 34 33 1,540 3,025 9 8 15 9 4.9 10.1 2.8 15.1
81 Poland 14,200 17,000 71 68 16,700 21,400 14 11 18 12 4.8 3.9 1.5 26.3
82 Thailand 6,510 45,262 28 73 9,210 54,459 5 5 30 8 14.3 21.6 12.1 12.7
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83 Turkey 2,910 18,106 27 72 7,910 23,270 4 6 48 14 12.0 8.8 11.3 11.2
84 Croatia .. 4,259 .. 71 .. 5,231 .. 7 .. 10 .. .. .. ..
85 Panama 358 584 9 16 1,450 2,404 10 10 31 13 2.6 23.3 -4.1 14.3
86 Russian Federation / .. 53,000 .. .. .. 41,000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
87 Venezuela 19,900 15,480 2 14 10,700 7,710 15 11 2 1 1.6 -0.1 -6.1 19.3
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88 Botswana 502 1,845 .. .. 692 1,638 .. .. .. .. 11.4 -0.8 7.7 -5.6
89 Estonia .. 1,329 .. .. .. 1,690 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90 Iran, Islamic Rep. 14,700 13,900 5 9 12,200 20,000 13 .. 0 .. 7.4 10.2 -4.0 15.7
91 Turkmenistan .. 2,176 .. .. .. 1,690 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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Upper-middle-income 280,750 t 404,146 t 174,465 t 428,837 t 3.5 w 7.8 w 2.2 w 10.4 w
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92 Brazil 20,100 43,600 39 60 25,000 36,000 10 10 43 16 6.1 6.6 -1.5 8.5
93 South Africa 25,500 25,000 39 74 19,600 23,400 3 6 0 1 0.9 2.8 -0.8 5.3
94 Mauritius 431 1,347 27 70 609 1,926 26 14 14 7 8.6 2.0 11.0 2.5
95 Czech Republic .. 14,252 .. .. .. 15,636 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
96 Malaysia 13,000 58,756 19 70 10,800 59,581 12 6 15 4 11.5 17.8 6.0 15.7
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97 Chile 4,710 11,539 10 18 5,800 11,800 15 6 18 10 5.7 10.5 1.4 14.5
98 Trinidad and Tobago 3,960 1,867 4 34 3,160 1,131 11 15 38 16 -4.3 4.9 -12.1 8.1
99 Hungary 8,670 10,733 66 68 9,220 14,438 8 6 16 13 3.0 -1.8 0.7 7.9
100 Gabon 2,170 .. 0 3 674 .. 19 .. 1 .. 0.6 5.7 -2.0 2.0
101 Mexico 15,600 61,964 12 75 19,500 80,100 16 8 2 2 12.2 14.7 5.7 18.7
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102 Uruguay 1,060 1,913 38 43 1,680 2,770 8 8 29 9 2.9 -3.1 -2.0 21.7
103 Oman 2,390 5,418 3 15 1,730 3,915 15 19 11 3 13.1 9.8 -1.6 18.5
104 Slovenia .. 6,828 .. 86 .. 7,304 .. 8 .. 11 .. .. .. ..
105 Saudi Arabia 109,000 38,600 1 7 30,200 22,796 14 .. 1 .. -8.2 4.0 -8.4 5.9
106 Greece 5,150 9,384 47 53 10,500 21,466 9 14 23 11 5.1 11.9 5.8 12.8
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107 Argentina 8,020 15,839 23 32 10,500 21,527 6 5 10 2 3.1 -1.0 -8.6 ..
108 Korea, Rep. 17,500 96,000 90 93 22,300 102,348 10 6 30 18 13.7 7.4 11.2 7.7
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Low- and middle-income 683,360 t 1,033,887 t 550,291 t 1,098,170 t 3.9 w 7.5 w 1.1 w 10.5 w
Sub-Saharan Africa 77,330 t 59,065 t 67,448 t 63,330 t 1.1 w 0.9 w -3.7 w 1.8 w
East Asia & Pacific 87,323 t 388,383 t 88,303 t 404,292 t 10.7 w 14.4 w 8.3 w 14.5 w
South Asia 13,855 t 38,922 t 25,884 t 47,582 t 6.5 w 8.5 w 3.4 w 5.3 w
Europe and Central Asia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Middle East & N. Africa 203,874 t 96,741 t 104,130 t 107,306 t -2.3 w 1.1 w -5.9 w 6.1 w
Latin America & Caribbe .. .. 99,344 t 212,790 t .. .. 0.6 w 13.7 w
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High-income economies 1,375,665 t 3,291,137 t 1,478,865 t 3,307,266 t 5.0 w 5.1 w 6.1 w 4.6 w
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109 Portugal 4,640 17,540 72 84 9,310 26,680 14 14 24 9 12.2 0.5 9.8 2.4
110 New Zealand 5,420 12,200 20 27 5,470 11,900 6 8 23 7 3.6 5.4 4.6 5.5
111 Spain 20,700 73,300 72 78 34,100 92,500 13 14 39 11 6.9 11.2 10.1 5.3
112 Ireland 8,400 34,370 58 75 11,200 25,508 12 10 15 5 9.3 11.4 4.7 5.6
113 +Israel 5,540 16,881 82 91 9,780 25,237 11 7 27 7 5.9 10.0 4.6 12.3
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114 Australia 21,900 47,538 20 42 22,400 53,400 5 5 14 6 5.8 8.1 4.9 5.1
115 United Kingdom 110,000 205,000 74 82 116,000 227,000 13 11 14 5 4.4 1.8 6.3 0.9
116 Finland 14,200 29,700 70 83 15,600 23,200 7 7 29 13 2.3 8.7 4.4 -1.9
117 Italy 78,100 189,805 85 89 101,000 167,685 13 13 28 9 4.4 6.0 5.3 -1.7
118 +Kuwait 19,700 11,614 10 84 6,530 21,716 15 15 1 1 -2.0 42.3 -6.3 23.0
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119 Canada 67,700 166,000 49 66 62,500 155,072 8 6 12 4 5.7 8.4 6.2 6.2
120 +Hong Kong 19,800 151,395 92 95 22,400 162,000 12 6 6 2 15.4 15.3 11.0 15.8
121 Netherlands 74,000 155,554 51 63 76,600 139,795 15 15 24 9 4.5 5.8 4.6 4.3
122 +Singapore 19,400 96,800 50 80 24,000 103,000 9 6 29 11 12.1 16.1 8.6 12.1
123 Belgium /c 64,500 137,394 74 81 71,900 125,762 * 11 11 17 8 4.4 2.4 4.0 0.3
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124 France 116,000 235,905 74 78 135,000 230,203 10 11 27 9 4.1 2.3 5.0 0.8
125 Sweden 30,900 61,292 79 85 33,400 51,800 7 7 24 9 4.6 7.4 4.9 5.0
126 Austria 17,500 45,200 83 89 24,400 55,300 6 5 16 5 6.4 3.9 5.8 1.9
127 Germany /d 193,000 427,219 86 90 188,000 381,890 12 10 23 8 4.6 2.2 4.9 2.8
128 United States 226,000 513,000 68 82 257,000 690,000 8 5 33 10 3.6 5.6 7.2 7.4
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129 Norway 18,600 34,700 32 31 16,900 27,300 8 7 17 3 6.8 6.5 4.2 0.7
130 Denmark 16,700 41,417 56 66 19,300 34,800 12 14 22 5 4.4 5.4 3.6 3.4
131 Japan 130,000 397,000 96 97 141,000 275,000 12 18 50 21 5.0 0.4 6.5 4.0
132 Switzerland 29,600 66,200 91 94 36,300 64,100 8 7 11 4 6.0 3.3 4.9 -6.7
133 +United Arab Emirates 20,700 19,700 3 13 8,750 21,100 11 11 11 2 6.1 6.3 -1.3 21.0
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World 2,003,736 t 4,326,096 t 2,007,961 t 4,391,660 t 4.8 w 5.7 w 5.0 w 5.7 w
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a. Data prior to 1992 include Eritrea. b. Excludes trade with other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
c. Includes Luxembourg. d. Data prior to 1990 refer to the Federal Republic of
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