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World Development Report 1996. Statistical Annex
Table 6. Health
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Maternal
Percentage of total population Infant mortality Prevalence of Contraceptive Total mortality ratio
with access to rate (per 1,000 malnutrition prevalence fertility (per 100,000
Health care Safe water Sanitation live births) (% under 5) rate(%) rate live births)
----------- ----------- ------------ ------------ -----------
1980 1993 1980 1993 1980 1993 1980 1994 1989-95 1989-95 1980 1994 1989-95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low-income economies 87 w 58 w 4.4 w 3.3 w
Excluding China & India 118 w 86 w 6.2 w 5.1 w
1 Rwanda .. .. 60 64 51 .. 128 .. 28 21 8.3 .. ..
2 Mozambique .. .. .. 22 10 21 157 146 .. .. 6.5 6.6 1,512 a
3 Ethiopia .. 55 .. 18 .. 10 155 120 47 4 6.6 7.5 1,528 a
4 Tanzania 72 93 49 52 66 86 104 84 28 20 6.7 5.8 748 a
5 Burundi .. 80 25 37 58 48 121 99 .. .. 6.8 6.7 1,327 a
----- -- ------- -- - --------
6 Sierra Leone 26 .. 20 43 12 .. 190 163 23 .. 6.5 6.5 800
7 Malawi 40 .. 50 .. .. 70 169 134 27 13 7.6 6.7 620 b
8 Chad .. 26 29 .. .. 27 147 119 .. .. 5.9 5.9 1,594 a
9 Uganda .. .. .. .. .. 67 116 122 23 .. 7.2 7.1 550
10 Madagascar .. .. 21 .. .. 3 138 90 32 17 6.5 6.0 660
----- -- ------- -- - --------
11 Nepal 10 .. 15 45 .. 6 142 95 70 23 6.4 5.3 ..
12 Vietnam 75 .. .. .. .. 65 57 42 45 49 5.0 3.1 105
13 Bangladesh 80 74 41 78 3 35 132 81 84 45 6.1 3.6 887 a
14 Haiti .. .. 33 42 19 24 113 86 27 18 5.2 4.8 600 b
15 Niger .. 30 40 59 7 37 150 120 .. 4 7.4 7.4 593 b
----- -- ------- -- - --------
16 Guinea-Bissau 30 .. .. 25 15 29 168 138 .. .. 6.0 6.0 ..
17 Kenya .. .. 28 .. 30 49 72 59 23 33 7.8 4.9 646 a
18 Mali 20 .. 15 49 .. .. 184 125 .. .. 6.6 7.1 1,249 a
19 Nigeria 40 67 36 40 .. 63 99 81 43 6 6.9 5.6 1,027
20 Yemen, Rep. 16 .. .. .. .. 51 141 102 30 10 7.9 7.4 1,471 a
----- - ------- -- - --------
21 Burkina Faso .. .. .. 67 5 .. 154 128 .. 8 6.5 6.9 939 a
22 Mongolia 90 .. .. 66 .. .. 82 53 10 .. 5.3 3.4 240
23 India 50 .. 55 .. 7 16 116 70 63 43 5.0 3.3 437
24 Lao PDR .. .. .. 28 5 4 127 92 40 .. 6.7 6.6 660
25 Togo .. .. 10 71 13 .. 110 81 .. .. 6.6 6.5 626 a
----- -- ------- -- - --------
26 Gambia, The 90 .. 40 55 .. 73 159 128 .. 12 6.5 5.4 1,050
27 Nicaragua .. .. .. 53 .. .. 90 51 12 44 6.2 4.9 ..
28 Zambia .. .. 46 59 .. 55 90 108 27 15 7.0 6.0 229
29 Tajikistan .. .. .. .. .. 62 58 41 .. .. 5.6 4.4 39
30 Benin .. 42 .. 49 16 23 122 96 36 .. 6.5 6.1 2,500
----- -- ------- -- - --------
31 Central African Rep. .. .. .. 12 .. .. 117 100 .. 15 5.8 5.7 649 a
32 Albania 100 .. .. .. .. .. 47 31 .. .. 3.6 2.7 ..
33 Ghana .. 25 49 56 26 27 100 74 27 20 6.5 5.3 742 a
34 Pakistan 65 85 39 .. 13 28 124 92 40 12 7.0 5.4 ..
35 Mauritania .. .. .. 66 .. 64 120 98 .. 4 6.3 5.2 800
----- - ------- -- - --------
36 Azerbaijan .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 25 .. .. 3.2 2.5 29
37 Zimbabwe 55 .. .. .. 5 58 82 54 16 48 6.8 4.0 80
38 Guinea .. 45 .. 60 11 14 161 131 18 .. 6.1 6.5 880
39 China .. .. .. 71 .. .. 42 30 17 83 2.5 1.9 115 c
40 Honduras .. .. .. .. 35 64 70 47 19 47 6.5 4.7 221
----- -- ------- -- - --------
41 Senegal .. 40 43 49 36 34 103 64 20 7 6.7 5.8 510
42 C“te d'Ivoire .. .. 17 83 17 .. 110 90 .. 11 7.4 6.5 822 a
43 Congo .. .. 20 .. .. 9 124 112 .. .. 6.0 6.7 887 a
44 Kyrgyz Republic .. .. .. .. .. 53 43 29 .. .. 4.1 3.3 43
45 Sri Lanka 90 .. 37 60 67 61 34 16 38 .. 3.5 2.4 30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
46 Armenia .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 15 .. .. 2.3 2.0 35
47 Cameroon 20 .. 26 .. .. .. 94 57 14 16 6.5 5.7 511
48 Egypt, Arab Rep. 100 99 75 86 70 .. 120 52 9 47 5.1 3.5 ..
49 Lesotho .. .. 17 46 12 .. 84 44 21 23 5.6 4.7 598 a
50 Georgia .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 18 .. .. 2.3 2.2 55
51 Myanmar 30 .. 25 33 20 40 109 80 31 d .. 5.1 4.0 518 a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Middle-income economies 63 w 40 w 3.8 w 2.8 w
Lower-middle-income 66 w 36 w 3.8 w 2.7 w
52 Bolivia .. .. 42 46 18 44 118 71 13 45 5.5 4.7 373 b
53 Macedonia, FYR .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 24 .. .. 2.5 2.2 ..
54 Moldova .. .. .. .. .. 50 35 23 .. .. 2.4 2.1 34
55 Indonesia .. .. 32 42 23 55 90 53 39 55 4.3 2.7 ..
56 Philippines .. .. 54 81 75 72 52 40 30 40 4.8 3.8 208 b
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
57 Uzbekistan .. .. .. .. .. 18 47 28 .. .. 4.8 3.8 43
58 Morocco .. 62 .. .. .. 63 99 56 9 50 5.4 3.5 ..
59 Kazakstan .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 27 .. 59 2.9 2.3 53
60 Guatemala .. .. 50 60 30 71 75 44 .. 31 6.5 5.2 464 a
61 Papua New Guinea .. .. 16 33 15 25 67 65 .. .. 5.7 4.9 700
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62 Bulgaria .. .. .. 100 .. .. 20 15 .. .. 2.0 1.5 ..
63 Romania .. .. .. 100 50 49 29 24 .. 57 2.4 1.4 ..
64 Ecuador .. .. 58 58 43 54 67 37 45 57 5.0 3.3 ..
65 Dominican Republic .. .. 60 62 15 60 76 38 10 56 4.2 2.9 ..
66 Lithuania .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 14 .. .. 2.0 1.5 29
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
67 El Salvador .. .. .. 41 35 72 81 42 22 53 5.3 3.8 ..
68 Jordan .. 90 86 99 70 70 41 32 17 35 6.8 4.8 132 a
69 Jamaica .. .. .. 72 .. 74 21 13 10 67 3.7 2.5 ..
70 Paraguay .. .. 25 33 .. 30 50 34 4 48 4.8 4.5 180
71 Algeria .. .. .. .. .. .. 98 35 9 51 6.7 3.7 140
72 Colombia 88 .. .. .. 61 56 45 20 10 72 3.8 2.6 107 a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: For data comparability and coverage, see the key and technical notes. Figures in italics are for years other than those specified.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
73 Tunisia 95 90 64 .. 46 72 71 40 .. .. 5.2 3.0 139 a
74 Ukraine .. .. .. .. 50 49 17 14 .. .. 2.0 1.5 33
75 Namibia .. .. .. .. .. 36 90 57 .. 29 5.9 5.1 ..
76 Peru .. .. 54 58 36 45 81 48 16 59 4.5 3.1 ..
77 Belarus .. .. .. .. 50 .. 16 13 .. .. 2.0 1.6 25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
78 Slovak Republic .. .. .. 77 .. 51 21 11 .. .. 2.3 1.7 ..
79 Latvia .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 16 .. .. 2.0 1.4 ..
80 Costa Rica .. .. 90 94 91 .. 20 13 2 75 3.7 2.9 ..
81 Poland 100 .. .. 100 50 .. 21 15 .. .. 2.3 1.8 ..
82 Thailand 30 59 66 .. .. 87 49 36 13 .. 3.5 2.0 155 a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
83 Turkey .. .. .. 92 10 95 109 62 .. 63 4.3 3.2 183 e
84 Croatia .. .. .. 63 .. 68 19 11 .. .. 1.9 1.5 ..
85 Panama .. .. .. 83 71 .. 28 20 7 .. 3.7 2.7 ..
86 Russian Federation .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 19 .. .. 1.9 1.4 52
87 Venezuela .. .. .. 89 52 55 41 32 6 .. 4.1 3.2 200
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
88 Botswana .. .. 56 .. .. .. 63 34 .. .. 6.7 4.5 220 a
89 Estonia .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 15 .. .. 2.0 1.5 41
90 Iran, Islamic Rep. 50 .. 52 89 60 .. 92 47 16 .. 6.1 4.7 ..
91 Turkmenistan .. .. .. .. .. 60 54 46 .. .. 4.9 3.9 55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Upper-middle-income 54 w 36 w 3.9 w 2.8 w
92 Brazil .. .. 75 96 .. 73 74 56 18 .. 3.9 2.8 200
93 South Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. 67 50 .. .. 4.9 3.9 404 a
94 Mauritius 100 99 99 100 94 100 32 17 .. 75 2.7 2.0 112
95 Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 8 .. 69 2.0 1.4 ..
96 Malaysia .. 88 80 78 70 94 30 12 23 .. 4.2 3.4 34 f
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
97 Chile .. .. 85 86 83 83 33 12 1 .. 2.8 2.5 ..
98 Trinidad and Tobago .. .. 98 96 .. 56 35 14 .. .. 3.3 2.5 ..
99 Hungary .. .. .. 100 .. .. 23 12 .. .. 1.9 1.6 ..
100 Gabon .. .. 50 58 .. 76 116 89 .. .. 4.5 5.5 438 a
101 Mexico 51 .. 74 78 55 66 53 35 .. .. 4.5 3.2 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
102 Uruguay .. .. 80 .. 51 82 37 19 .. .. 2.7 2.2 36
103 Oman 75 89 15 57 .. 79 41 18 .. 9 9.9 7.1 184
104 Slovenia .. .. .. .. .. 90 15 7 .. .. 2.1 1.3 ..
105 Saudi Arabia 85 98 85 95 70 78 65 26 .. .. 7.3 6.3 108 a
106 Greece .. .. .. 100 .. .. 18 8 .. .. 2.2 1.4 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
107 Argentina .. .. .. 64 .. 89 35 23 .. .. 3.3 2.6 140
108 Korea, Rep. .. 100 .. 78 100 100 32 12 .. 79 2.6 1.8 30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low- and middle-income 87 w 58 w 4.2 w 3.1 w
Sub-Saharan Africa 115 w 92 w 6.6 w 5.9 w
East Asia & Pacific 51 w 35 w 3.1 w 2.2 w
South Asia 119 w 73 w 5.3 w 3.6 w
Europe and Central Asia 34 w 23 w 2.5 w 1.9 w
Middle East & N. Africa 95 w 49 w 6.1 w 4.5 w
Latin America & Caribbean 60 w 41 w 4.1 w 2.9 w
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High-income economies 12 w 7 w 1.9 w 1.7 w
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
109 Portugal .. .. .. 100 41 .. 24 8 .. .. 2.2 1.4 ..
110 New Zealand .. 100 .. 97 .. .. 13 7 .. .. 2.1 2.1 ..
111 Spain .. .. .. 100 95 97 12 7 .. .. 2.2 1.2 ..
112 Ireland .. .. .. 100 .. .. 11 6 .. 60 3.2 1.9 ..
113 +Israel .. .. .. 100 .. 70 15 8 .. .. 3.2 2.4 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
114 Australia 99 .. .. .. 99 .. 11 6 .. .. 1.9 1.9 ..
115 United Kingdom .. .. .. 100 .. 96 12 6 .. .. 1.9 1.8 ..
116 Finland .. .. .. 100 .. 100 8 5 .. .. 1.6 1.9 ..
117 Italy .. .. .. 100 99 .. 15 7 .. .. 1.6 1.3 ..
118 +Kuwait 100 .. 100 100 100 .. 27 11 .. .. 5.3 3.0 18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
119 Canada .. .. .. .. 60 85 10 6 .. .. 1.7 1.9 ..
120 +Hong Kong .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 5 .. .. 2.0 1.2 ..
121 Netherlands .. .. .. 100 100 100 9 6 .. .. 1.6 1.6 ..
122 +Singapore .. .. 100 100 80 100 12 5 14 .. 1.7 1.8 ..
123 Belgium .. .. .. 100 99 .. 12 8 .. .. 1.7 1.6 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
124 France .. .. .. 100 85 .. 10 6 .. .. 1.9 1.6 ..
125 Sweden .. .. .. 100 85 .. 7 4 .. .. 1.7 1.9 ..
126 Austria .. .. .. 100 85 .. 14 6 .. .. 1.6 1.5 ..
127 Germany .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 6 .. .. 1.6 1.2 ..
128 United States .. .. .. .. 98 85 13 8 .. .. 1.8 2.0 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
129 Norway .. .. .. 100 .. .. 8 5 .. .. 1.7 1.9 ..
130 Denmark .. .. .. 100 100 100 8 6 .. .. 1.5 1.8 ..
131 Japan .. 100 .. .. .. 85 8 4 3 .. 1.8 1.5 ..
132 Switzerland .. .. .. 100 85 100 9 6 .. .. 1.5 1.5 ..
133 +United Arab Emirates 96 90 100 .. 75 95 55 16 .. .. 5.4 4.1 20 a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
World 81 w 53 w 3.8 w 2.9 w
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a. UNICEF/World Health Organization estimate. b. Based on indirect estimation using survey data.
c. Based on a study covering 30 provinces. d. Refers to children 3 years of age and younger.
e. Based on sample surveys. f. Based on civil registration.
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