World Development Report 1996. Statistical Annex
Table 3. External economic indicators
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Export Aggregate net Net private Official development
Terms of trade concentration resource flow capital flows assistance
(1987=100) index (% of GNP) (millions $) (% of GNP)
---------------------------------------------------------- --------------
1985 1994 1984 1992 1980 1994 1980 1994 1980 1994
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Low-income economies 90 m .. 2.1 w 2.7 w
Excluding China & I 89 m .. 4.3 w 7.0 w
1 Rwanda 136 75 0.811 0.505 9.3 106.1 14 1 13.3 123.4
2 Mozambique 113 124 0.274 .. 3.8 73.8 0 32 8.4 100.1
3 Ethiopia 119 a 74 0.622 a 0.557 8.2 18.2 26 (13) 4.7 22.9
4 Tanzania 126 83 0.359 0.248 16.4 22.7 100 12 12.4 30.3
5 Burundi 133 52 0.776 .. 8.1 28.1 (3) (1) 12.8 32.2
----- --- - - - - - - -- -
6 Sierra Leone 109 89 0.391 0.586 5.5 21.5 (7) 38 8.5 21.4
7 Malawi 99 87 0.530 0.704 15.7 24.3 30 (1) 12.6 37.0
8 Chad 99 103 0.617 .. 3.4 19.4 0 7 4.9 24.1
9 Uganda 149 58 0.932 0.561 9.7 12.9 55 (11) 9.0 18.3
10 Madagascar 124 82 0.466 0.285 8.7 12.2 131 2 5.8 16.0
----- --- - - - - - - -- -
11 Nepal 98 85 0.237 0.519 6.5 8.0 0 (3) 8.3 10.8
12 Vietnam .. .. .. 0.308 .. 6.5 0 272 .. 5.2
13 Bangladesh 126 94 0.326 0.246 13.5 5.9 11 47 9.9 6.9
14 Haiti 89 52 0.201 0.266 5.2 37.2 20 2 7.3 37.8
15 Niger 91 101 0.738 .. 12.9 19.2 199 (23) 6.8 25.5
----- --- - - - - - - -- -
16 Guinea-Bissau 91 92 0.557 .. 98.4 29.3 18 1 56.6 74.2
17 Kenya 124 80 0.340 0.305 8.8 1.6 301 (272) 5.6 10.2
18 Mali 100 103 0.578 .. 12.1 16.5 10 44 16.6 22.0
19 Nigeria 167 86 0.943 0.934 0.9 5.7 694 1,885 0.0 0.6
20 Yemen, Rep. 131 84 0.663 .. .. .. 97 12 .. ..
----- --- - - - - - - -- -
21 Burkina Faso 103 103 0.541 0.623 8.4 15.9 4 1 12.5 22.3
22 Mongolia .. .. .. .. 0.0 14.4 0 (12) 0.0 22.5
23 India 92 100 0.183 0.140 1.4 2.4 868 5,497 1.3 0.8
24 Lao PDR .. .. 0.345 .. .. 13.0 0 60 .. 13.4
25 Togo 139 90 0.461 0.491 12.7 11.3 83 0 8.3 12.2
----- --- - - - - - - -- -
26 Gambia, The 137 111 0.520 .. 35.0 13.9 21 6 24.4 20.9
27 Nicaragua 111 95 0.454 0.289 13.8 27.4 (26) 36 10.9 41.6
28 Zambia 89 85 0.844 0.787 14.6 14.8 175 (4) 8.9 22.3
29 Tajikistan .. .. .. .. .. 11.5 0 10 .. 3.2
30 Benin 111 110 0.428 .. 7.2 12.9 4 5 6.4 15.7
----- --- - - - - - - -- -
31 Central African 109 91 0.452 .. 10.7 16.0 4 4 13.9 19.9
32 Albania .. .. .. .. .. 9.1 0 45 .. 7.8
33 Ghana 93 64 0.544 0.465 4.1 24.2 (26) 838 4.3 11.1
34 Pakistan 112 101 0.207 0.228 5.4 6.4 230 1,657 5.1 2.5
35 Mauritania 110 106 0.622 0.605 29.4 20.5 27 2 26.2 25.9
----- --- - - - - - - -- -
36 Azerbaijan .. .. .. .. .. 3.7 0 0 .. 4.0
37 Zimbabwe 100 84 0.295 0.329 4.2 6.7 22 (70) 3.1 10.1
38 Guinea 120 91 0.952 .. .. 9.6 80 21 .. 10.8
39 China 109 105 .. 0.076 1.0 9.6 1,731 46,555 0.0 0.6
40 Honduras 118 73 0.401 0.457 11.7 14.7 136 66 4.2 9.8
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41 Senegal 107 107 0.311 0.258 9.0 13.8 18 (9) 9.0 17.4
42 C“te d'Ivoire 109 81 0.318 0.368 11.7 28.0 936 30 2.2 26.2
43 Congo 150 93 0.796 0.636 35.5 9.1 440 (130) 6.0 31.2
44 Kyrgyz Republic .. .. .. .. .. 5.9 0 10 .. 5.8
45 Sri Lanka 106 88 0.456 0.232 10.6 5.7 129 213 9.8 4.6
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46 Armenia .. .. .. .. .. 7.0 0 0 .. 6.9
47 Cameroon 113 79 0.479 .. 9.6 9.5 409 59 3.9 10.7
48 Egypt, Arab Rep. 147 95 0.475 0.361 14.2 6.2 1,131 1,006 6.5 6.4
49 Lesotho .. .. .. .. 10.5 7.3 7 14 14.9 8.3
50 Georgia .. .. .. .. .. 9.0 0 10 .. 8.4
51 Myanmar 128 107 .. 0.282 4.7 0.2 29 34 5.4 0.2
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Middle-income economi 90 m .. 0.6 w 0.5 w
Lower-middle-income 88 m .. 1.3 w 1.1 w
52 Bolivia 130 69 0.540 0.318 14.1 9.0 203 (5) 5.9 10.3
53 Macedonia, FYR .. .. .. .. .. -2.4 0 (15) .. ..
54 Moldova .. .. .. .. .. 5.1 0 23 .. 1.4
55 Indonesia 145 79 0.499 0.194 2.5 5.4 987 7,408 1.3 1.0
56 Philippines 99 114 0.298 0.293 3.9 6.9 840 4,107 0.9 1.6
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57 Uzbekistan .. .. .. .. .. 0.2 0 52 .. 0.1
58 Morocco 99 107 0.284 0.160 7.4 3.9 550 877 4.9 2.1
59 Kazakstan .. .. .. .. .. 4.4 0 394 .. 0.3
60 Guatemala 114 93 0.310 0.219 2.8 1.9 91 84 0.9 1.7
61 Papua New Guinea 94 90 0.495 0.465 16.8 -0.5 105 (231) 13.1 6.5
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62 Bulgaria .. .. .. .. 1.7 0.1 0 (376) 0.0 1.6
63 Romania 66 111 .. .. .. 4.3 1,360 787 .. 0.5
64 Ecuador 143 82 0.616 0.467 7.4 5.3 594 705 0.4 1.4
65 Dominican Republ 115 144 0.430 0.383 7.1 1.0 132 113 1.9 0.7
66 Lithuania .. .. .. .. .. 1.8 0 13 .. 1.4
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67 El Salvador 122 89 0.557 0.238 3.2 1.9 (17) (40) 2.8 3.9
68 Jordan 127 118 0.335 0.331 .. 4.4 28 (159) .. 6.4
69 Jamaica 89 105 0.462 0.406 12.3 1.9 9 123 5.1 2.9
70 Paraguay 110 101 0.468 0.362 3.6 2.3 120 135 0.7 1.3
71 Algeria 173 83 0.534 0.546 3.1 3.4 896 424 0.4 1.0
72 Colombia 124 71 0.505 0.238 2.9 2.3 688 1,860 0.3 0.2
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Note: For data comparability and coverage, see the technical notes. Figures in italics are for years other than those specified.
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73 Tunisia 123 93 0.414 0.209 7.2 2.8 336 80 2.7 0.7
74 Ukraine .. .. .. .. .. 0.9 0 424 .. 0.4
75 Namibia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 5.9
76 Peru 111 86 0.247 0.260 1.8 7.7 (67) 3,214 1.0 0.9
77 Belarus .. .. .. .. .. 1.6 0 105 .. 0.6
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78 Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. 0.0 6.6 0 577 0.0 0.6
79 Latvia .. .. .. .. .. 5.2 0 222 .. 0.9
80 Costa Rica 111 92 0.352 0.303 9.2 0.3 248 29 1.4 0.9
81 Poland 95 109 .. .. 5.5 3.8 10 1,244 0.0 2.0
82 Thailand 103 105 0.182 0.090 6.5 3.3 1,465 4,138 1.3 0.4
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83 Turkey 82 109 0.159 0.119 3.7 1.0 660 1,530 1.7 0.1
84 Croatia .. .. .. 0.108 .. 0.3 0 96 .. ..
85 Panama 104 86 0.343 0.422 4.1 8.4 65 633 1.3 0.6
86 Russian Federati .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 0 658 .. 0.5
87 Venezuela 166 82 0.652 0.555 2.6 0.9 1,825 70 0.0 0.1
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88 Botswana 97 152 .. .. 20.3 -0.5 114 (50) 11.8 2.2
89 Estonia .. .. .. .. .. 5.5 0 211 .. 0.9
90 Iran, Islamic Re 176 90 0.965 0.880 -0.3 -2.1 (178) (1,579) 0.0 0.2
91 Turkmenistan .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 0 13 .. 0.1
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Upper-middle-income 93 m .. 0.1 w 0.2 w
92 Brazil 101 101 0.126 0.089 2.8 1.8 5,655 11,871 0.0 0.1
93 South Africa 101 102 0.457 0.378 .. .. .. .. .. ..
94 Mauritius 77 121 0.656 0.332 8.3 3.5 49 124 2.9 0.4
95 Czech Republic .. .. .. .. 0.0 7.8 0 2,642 0.0 0.4
96 Malaysia 114 92 0.276 0.156 8.7 10.2 1,913 6,661 0.6 0.1
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97 Chile 91 94 0.324 0.308 8.7 8.2 2,447 4,300 -0.0 0.3
98 Trinidad and Tob 138 86 0.546 0.422 6.3 8.9 258 343 0.1 0.5
99 Hungary 103 99 .. .. 3.3 7.3 596 2,717 0.0 0.5
100 Gabon 154 90 0.790 0.743 -1.9 2.5 (93) (128) 1.4 5.6
101 Mexico 145 92 0.534 0.153 4.8 4.6 8,182 17,394 0.0 0.1
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102 Uruguay 91 112 0.239 0.176 5.3 3.3 479 378 0.1 0.6
103 Oman 182 77 0.435 0.824 3.3 4.5 34 395 3.1 0.9
104 Slovenia .. .. .. 0.083 .. 2.4 0 368 .. ..
105 Saudi Arabia 175 92 0.887 0.776 .. .. .. .. 0.0 0.0
106 Greece 96 99 0.127 0.118 .. .. .. .. 0.1 0.1
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107 Argentina 123 120 0.194 0.153 4.6 3.2 3,476 8,214 0.0 0.1
108 Korea, Rep. 94 102 0.193 0.109 4.0 2.1 1,782 8,132 0.2 -0.0
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Low- and middle-incom 90 m . 1.1 w 1.2 w
Sub-Saharan Africa 92 m .. 3.4 w 12.4 w
East Asia & Pacific 87 m .. 0.7 w 0.8 w
South Asia 91 m .. 2.4 w 1.4 w
Europe and Central 97 m .. 1.0 w 0.3 w
Middle East & N. Af 83 m .. 1.1 w 1.6 w
Latin America & Car 84 m .. 0.3 w 0.3 w
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High-income economies 100 m .. .. ..
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109 Portugal 87 104 0.144 0.106 .. ..
110 New Zealand 90 108 0.212 0.174 .. ..
111 Spain 82 112 0.120 0.142 .. ..
112 Ireland 96 92 0.161 0.125 .. ..
113 +Israel 99 113 0.208 0.256 4.1 1.9
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114 Australia 110 98 0.180 0.196 .. ..
115 United Kingdom 104 105 0.152 0.063 .. ..
116 Finland 88 94 0.210 0.230 .. ..
117 Italy 84 104 0.100 0.056 .. ..
118 +Kuwait 165 88 0.570 0.742 0.0 0.0
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119 Canada 99 97 0.225 0.125 .. ..
120 +Hong Kong 118 87 0.310 0.152 0.0 0.0
121 Netherlands 101 101 0.137 0.061 .. ..
122 +Singapore 108 91 0.238 0.183 0.1 0.0
123 Belgium /b 93 101 0.115 0.106 .. ..
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124 France 89 106 0.085 0.064 .. ..
125 Sweden 92 105 0.151 0.110 .. ..
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126 Austria 92 93 0.078 0.061 .. ..
127 Germany /c 84 97 0.136 0.084 .. ..
128 United States 101 101 0.110 0.080 .. ..
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129 Norway 141 97 0.345 0.366 .. ..
130 Denmark 91 102 0.087 0.077 .. ..
131 Japan 73 128 0.209 0.140 .. ..
132 Switzerland 85 64 0.119 0.102 .. ..
133 +United Arab Emir 181 93 0.801 0.691 0.0 -0.0
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World 93 m .. .. ..
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a. Includes Eritrea. b. Includes Luxembourg. c. Data prior to 1990 refer to the Federal Republic of Germany before unification.
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