World Development Report 1996. Statistical Annex
Table 2. Macroeconomic indicators
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Central Money, broadly defined Nominal interest rates of banks Average Current account Gross Net present
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gov't. curr. Avg. ann. Average (average annual %) annual balance before international value of
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deficit/surplus /a nom. gr. outstanding Deposit Lending inflation (%) official transfers reserves (months external debt
(% of GNP) rate (%) as a % of GDP rate rate (GDP deflator) (% of GNP) of import cov.) (% of GNP)
-------- -------------- ------------- ------------ -------- ---------------- ----------- ---------------
1980 1994 1985-94 1980 1994 1980 1994 1980 1994 1984-94 1980 1994 1980 1994 1994
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Low-income economies 32 w
Excluding China & India 60 w
1 Rwanda 3.5 -5.5 5.4 13.6 .. 6.3 5.0 13.5 15.0 4.5 -13.3 -69.1 6.7 1.1 78
2 Mozambique .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 53.2 -20.7 -71.4 .. .. 331
3 Ethiopia .. .. .. .. 44.4 .. 11.5 .. 14.3 .. -4.8 b -6.9 4.0 b 5.9 68
4 Tanzania -1.3 .. 35.0 .. 30.7 4.0 .. 11.5 39.0 33.3 -9.7 .. .. .. 167
5 Burundi 1.9 .. 8.5 13.5 .. 2.5 .. 12.0 .. 5.4 .. -16.6 .. 8.5 50
------------ ----- ------------ -------- ----------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------
6 Sierra Leone -5.1 c -1.9 c 56.4 20.6 11.0 9.2 11.6 11.0 27.3 67.3 -19.9 .. .. .. 138
7 Malawi 1.2 c .. 21.4 18.0 20.5 7.9 25.0 16.7 31.0 18.8 -27.4 -44.0 1.4 0.6 73
8 Chad .. .. (2.7) 20.0 10.9 5.5 8.1 11.0 17.5 1.7 -2.1 .. 1.7 2.9 43
9 Uganda -2.2 .. .. 12.7 9.8 6.8 10.0 10.8 .. 75.4 .. -6.7 .. .. 48
10 Madagascar .. -2.5 23.7 18.2 20.5 .. .. .. .. 15.8 -15.5 -18.5 .. .. 161
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11 Nepal 7.6 .. 21.2 21.9 33.7 4.0 .. 14.0 .. 12.1 -5.1 -6.1 8.9 6.8 27
12 Vietnam .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 102.6 .. .. .. .. 135
13 Bangladesh 11.2 c .. 14.2 18.4 35.0 8.3 6.4 11.3 14.4 6.6 -11.1 -1.4 1.5 7.9 32
14 Haiti -3.3 .. 15.3 24.0 43.0 10.0 .. .. .. 13.2 -9.4 -6.8 0.6 .. 25
15 Niger 5.1 .. 1.0 13.3 14.6 6.2 7.8 14.5 16.8 0.2 -17.3 -7.1 1.6 3.9 58
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16 Guinea-Bissau .. .. 62.9 .. 14.1 .. 28.7 .. 36.3 65.7 -48.9 -15.6 .. .. 222
17 Kenya 2.6 c -0.4 18.9 29.8 32.2 5.8 .. 10.6 .. 11.7 -13.7 -0.5 2.1 2.5 80
18 Mali -1.4 .. 5.3 17.9 20.0 6.2 7.8 14.5 16.8 3.4 -14.5 -10.6 0.6 3.4 84
19 Nigeria .. .. 23.3 23.8 .. 5.3 13.1 8.4 20.5 29.6 5.7 -6.4 5.7 1.6 92
20 Yemen, Rep. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 ..
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21 Burkina Faso 2.0 0.5 8.2 13.8 20.0 6.2 7.8 14.5 16.8 1.6 -15.5 -17.5 1.5 5.0 31
22 Mongolia .. 3.7 .. .. 23.9 .. 92.3 .. 233.6 46.0 -24.9 -8.2 .. 2.4 38
23 India 0.0 -1.8 16.9 34.7 45.2 .. .. 16.5 16.3 9.7 -1.7 -0.9 8.0 6.7 24
24 Lao PDR .. .. 38.4 .. 13.2 7.2 12.0 4.8 24.0 24.2 .. -8.5 .. 2.0 40
25 Togo 1.9 .. (1.2) 29.0 25.3 6.2 7.8 14.5 17.5 3.3 -16.4 -3.1 1.4 3.5 98
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26 Gambia, The 7.1 7.5 15.2 21.1 23.8 5.0 12.6 15.0 25.0 10.1 -51.4 -5.1 .. .. 59
27 Nicaragua -1.6 -0.9 .. 24.5 23.2 .. 11.7 .. 20.1 1311.2 -26.0 -67.7 0.9 1.2 707
28 Zambia -8.7 -2.9 73.3 28.4 10.8 7.0 48.5 9.5 113.3 92.0 -14.5 .. 1.3 .. 157
29 Tajikistan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 104.3 .. .. .. .. 25
30 Benin .. .. 9.5 17.1 25.0 6.2 7.8 14.5 16.8 2.9 -7.9 .. 0.4 6.1 56
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31 Central African Repub -2.0 .. 4.2 18.9 18.6 5.5 8.1 10.5 17.5 2.6 -18.0 .. 2.2 9.2 52
32 Albania .. .. .. .. .. .. 19.8 .. 23.7 32.7 .. -12.9 6.7 .. 45
33 Ghana -2.9 c -0.9 c 38.4 16.2 15.8 11.5 23.1 19.0 .. 28.6 -1.4 -9.0 3.1 3.9 63
34 Pakistan 1.8 -2.1 15.3 38.7 42.3 .. .. .. .. 8.8 -4.9 -3.9 3.1 3.5 42
35 Mauritania .. .. 8.7 20.5 21.7 5.5 5.0 12.0 10.0 7.2 -37.6 -14.4 3.6 0.9 162
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36 Azerbaijan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 122.8 .. .. .. .. 3
37 Zimbabwe -9.1 .. 20.7 35.2 25.8 3.5 26.8 17.5 34.9 19.7 -4.8 -5.7 2.7 3.2 69
38 Guinea .. 3.1 .. .. 9.4 .. 18.0 .. 22.0 18.6 .. .. .. .. 60
39 China .. .. 23.7 33.2 85.5 5.4 11.0 5.0 11.0 8.4 -1.6 1.4 4.9 5.9 16
40 Honduras .. .. 18.2 21.1 25.3 10.6 11.6 16.5 24.7 13.0 -13.4 -9.7 1.5 1.2 97
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41 Senegal 1.8 .. 3.1 26.6 18.6 6.2 7.8 14.5 16.8 2.9 -18.1 -9.4 0.2 1.3 65
42 C“te d'Ivoire 4.0 .. 0.2 26.7 24.6 6.2 7.8 14.5 16.8 0.2 -18.7 -13.3 0.1 0.7 282
43 Congo .. .. 1.1 14.8 16.2 6.5 8.1 11.0 17.5 (0.3) -15.2 .. 0.9 0.5 382
44 Kyrgyz Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100.9 .. .. .. .. 13
45 Sri Lanka -4.6 -3.0 16.5 28.5 30.5 14.5 15.3 19.0 13.0 11.0 -18.7 -8.1 1.5 4.4 41
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46 Armenia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 138.6 .. .. .. .. 8
47 Cameroon 5.7 0.2 (3.3) 18.5 19.1 7.5 8.1 13.0 17.5 1.3 -5.8 -3.8 1.1 0.1 86
48 Egypt, Arab Rep. 9.6 6.5 19.9 52.2 97.2 8.3 11.8 13.3 16.5 16.4 -2.0 -1.3 3.1 10.7 52
49 Lesotho 0.7 .. 14.1 .. 31.4 9.6 8.4 11.0 14.3 14.0 -17.8 -26.6 .. .. 26
50 Georgia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 228.3 .. .. .. .. 56
51 Myanmar 3.9 0.8 16.3 23.9 .. 1.5 9.0 8.0 .. 26.5 -5.3 -0.5 5.6 3.5 7
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Middle-income economies 29 w
Lower-middle-income 36 w
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52 Bolivia .. -2.7 46.7 16.2 45.1 18.0 18.4 28.0 55.6 20.0 -1.8 -7.3 6.0 5.8 66
53 Macedonia, FYR .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.2 53
54 Moldova .. .. .. .. 7.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. -4.9 .. 2.6 12
55 Indonesia 10.0 8.9 23.5 13.2 .. 6.0 20.4 .. 20.2 8.9 3.3 -1.6 4.1 3.2 50
56 Philippines 4.1 c 1.9 c 20.3 20.7 41.2 12.3 10.5 14.0 15.1 10.0 -6.2 -4.5 4.6 3.1 53
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57 Uzbekistan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 109.1 .. -0.0 .. .. 5
58 Morocco 0.5 5.7 13.8 38.5 58.4 4.9 .. 7.0 10.0 5.0 -8.6 -2.5 1.7 5.6 64
59 Kazakstan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 150.2 .. -4.0 .. .. 14
60 Guatemala 2.1 0.8 23.3 20.5 23.4 9.0 9.7 11.0 22.9 19.5 -2.5 -6.0 4.2 3.0 19
61 Papua New Guinea -6.4 c -4.6 c 8.5 32.9 30.2 6.9 5.1 11.1 9.2 3.9 -22.6 8.5 3.6 0.6 46
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62 Bulgaria .. -4.7 .. .. .. .. 54.5 .. 64.1 42.2 5.1 1.9 .. .. 100
63 Romania 15.9 2.2 44.7 33.4 15.2 .. .. .. .. 62.0 .. -1.0 2.0 4.9 17
64 Ecuador 1.0 c 3.6 c 41.0 20.2 .. .. 33.6 9.0 44.0 47.5 -5.6 -6.2 4.2 4.4 85
65 Dominican Republic 3.0 8.4 33.8 17.8 23.5 .. .. .. .. 28.9 -11.0 -2.5 1.5 0.9 37
66 Lithuania .. 0.2 .. .. .. .. 27.4 .. 62.3 102.3 .. .. .. 2.9 7
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67 El Salvador -0.4 c 0.8 c 21.2 28.0 36.4 .. 13.6 .. 19.0 15.5 0.1 -3.7 3.6 3.4 20
68 Jordan .. 3.5 c 10.9 .. 104.5 .. 3.3 .. 9.0 9.2 .. -12.5 6.3 5.0 87
69 Jamaica .. .. 32.3 32.8 40.0 9.5 36.4 15.6 49.5 27.6 -5.6 -0.4 0.8 1.5 94
70 Paraguay 3.2 3.0 37.8 19.8 24.7 .. 23.1 .. 32.5 26.2 .. .. 6.7 3.1 22
71 Algeria .. .. 14.6 53.3 46.4 .. .. .. .. 22.0 0.8 -4.5 5.8 4.5 61
72 Colombia 1.6 2.9 31.9 17.1 19.8 .. 29.4 .. 40.5 25.6 .. .. .. 5.8 28
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Note: For data comparability and coverage, see the technical notes. Figures in italics are for years other than those specified.
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73 Tunisia 9.4 3.5 10.2 37.6 44.3 2.5 .. 7.3 .. 6.3 -5.0 -2.7 2.1 2.3 52
74 Ukraine .. .. .. .. .. .. 208.6 .. 250.3 297.0 .. .. .. .. 6
75 Namibia .. 0.7 .. .. 33.0 .. 9.2 .. 17.1 10.6 .. -0.6 .. 1.3 ..
76 Peru 2.1 c 2.2 c 469.4 16.5 15.3 .. 22.3 .. 53.6 492.2 -1.2 -6.0 6.6 9.7 41
77 Belarus .. -0.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 136.7 .. .. .. .. 5
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78 Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. 69.3 .. 9.3 .. 14.6 9.8 .. 5.8 .. 3.1 30
79 Latvia .. -0.9 .. .. 30.4 .. 31.7 .. 55.9 69.8 .. .. .. 5.3 6
80 Costa Rica -3.7 -2.3 24.8 38.8 36.5 18.3 17.7 25.0 33.0 18.2 -14.8 -6.5 1.2 2.7 42
81 Poland .. -1.0 94.8 57.0 31.7 .. 30.6 8.0 32.8 97.8 -6.9 -3.1 0.3 2.8 37
82 Thailand -0.1 6.6 20.1 34.5 74.2 12.0 8.5 18.0 14.4 5.0 -7.0 -5.9 3.3 5.3 42
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83 Turkey 3.2 -2.1 70.2 17.2 21.9 8.0 87.8 .. .. 65.8 -6.2 1.7 4.3 3.4 44
84 Croatia .. 4.6 .. .. 18.3 .. 6.5 .. 22.9 .. .. 0.0 .. 2.5 15
85 Panama 0.3 6.0 10.5 32.8 64.8 .. 6.1 .. 10.2 1.6 -9.7 -2.6 .. .. 104
86 Russian Federation .. -5.7 .. .. 13.7 .. .. .. .. 124.3 .. .. .. 1.5 23
87 Venezuela 7.4 2.7 35.0 28.7 24.0 .. 39.0 .. 46.6 36.4 6.7 .. 9.3 9.3 59
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88 Botswana 11.6 c 23.3 c 20.6 28.2 26.4 5.0 10.4 8.5 13.9 11.7 -22.5 4.4 .. .. 13
89 Estonia .. .. .. .. 23.8 .. 11.5 .. 23.1 77.3 .. -1.7 .. 3.8 4
90 Iran, Islamic Rep. -6.1 8.6 23.6 54.4 37.2 .. .. .. .. 23.4 -2.8 .. 9.2 .. 33
91 Turkmenistan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 58.6 .. 18.0 .. .. 1
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Upper-middle-income
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92 Brazil .. .. 916.8 9.6 .. 115.0 5175.0 .. .. 900.3 -5.6 -0.2 2.3 8.5 26
93 South Africa 4.6 -7.7 21.7 30.8 50.4 5.5 11.1 9.5 15.6 14.3 4.9 -0.2 3.7 1.3 ..
94 Mauritius -1.9 4.1 21.0 40.0 70.1 9.3 11.0 12.2 18.9 8.8 -11.1 -6.8 1.9 3.9 35
95 Czech Republic .. 3.4 .. .. 74.1 .. 7.1 .. 13.1 11.8 .. -0.0 .. 4.2 28
96 Malaysia 7.4 8.9 14.8 46.1 83.9 6.2 .. 7.8 7.6 3.1 1.0 -6.6 4.7 4.5 33
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97 Chile 6.9 4.9 26.2 21.0 34.9 37.7 15.1 47.1 20.3 18.5 -7.8 -2.4 5.9 10.3 41
98 Trinidad and Tobago 25.4 .. 3.8 27.1 39.3 6.6 6.9 10.0 16.0 6.5 5.9 5.6 11.3 2.3 47
99 Hungary 4.9 .. 18.2 .. 43.1 3.0 20.3 .. 27.4 19.4 -2.2 -9.4 .. 5.1 66
100 Gabon .. .. .. 15.3 13.0 7.5 8.1 12.5 17.5 3.3 8.8 .. 0.7 0.9 110
101 Mexico 3.9 .. 49.3 25.2 30.2 20.6 13.3 28.1 .. 40.0 -5.4 -8.1 1.5 1.0 32
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102 Uruguay 2.2 -0.3 75.5 31.2 34.0 50.3 37.0 66.6 95.1 73.8 -7.7 -2.8 .. 5.0 31
103 Oman 8.9 -6.0 5.6 13.8 30.4 .. 4.3 .. 8.6 0.1 15.4 -10.4 3.2 2.2 28
104 Slovenia .. .. .. .. 29.2 .. 27.9 .. 39.4 .. .. 3.9 .. 2.2 15
105 Saudi Arabia .. .. 5.3 13.8 52.4 .. .. .. .. 2.8 30.2 -10.9 5.0 2.1 ..
106 Greece -0.4 -14.3 15.1 50.5 53.2 14.5 18.9 21.3 27.4 15.5 -5.5 -6.3 3.7 8.2 ..
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107 Argentina .. .. 311.1 19.0 16.1 79.6 8.1 .. 10.1 317.2 -6.3 -3.6 7.0 6.1 25
108 Korea, Rep. 2.9 4.9 18.8 29.0 40.6 19.5 8.5 18.0 8.5 6.8 -9.5 -1.1 1.3 2.6 14
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Low- and middle-income 30 w
Sub-Saharan Africa 50 w
East Asia & Pacific 28 w
South Asia 26 w
Europe and Central Asia 25 w
Middle East & N. Africa 32 w
Latin America & Caribbean 39 w
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High-income economies
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109 Portugal -2.8 -2.1 16.5 69.9 77.1 19.0 8.4 18.8 15.0 12.0 -3.8 -1.9 .. 8.8 ..
110 New Zealand -1.7 1.5 21.0 .. 75.7 11.0 6.4 12.6 9.7 4.6 -4.2 -3.1 0.6 2.4 ..
111 Spain 0.4 -1.4 11.8 75.4 79.2 13.1 6.7 16.9 8.9 6.5 -2.4 -1.5 6.0 4.7 ..
112 Ireland -5.9 -2.1 11.3 43.5 49.6 12.0 0.3 16.0 6.1 2.0 -14.2 2.3 2.8 1.9 ..
113 + Israel -17.4 -1.6 22.0 19.9 38.4 .. 12.2 176.9 17.4 18.0 -11.3 -8.4 3.6 2.4 ..
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114 Australia 0.6 -2.6 12.6 36.5 58.2 8.6 .. 10.6 12.0 4.1 -2.2 -3.7 2.5 2.5 ..
115 United Kingdom -1.2 -4.9 16.3 29.8 .. 14.1 3.4 16.2 5.5 5.4 1.5 0.4 2.0 1.5 ..
116 Finland 2.0 -11.0 7.2 39.8 58.5 9.0 3.3 9.8 7.9 4.2 -3.1 1.0 1.6 3.9 ..
117 Italy -6.3 -8.5 7.9 70.9 .. 12.7 4.8 19.0 11.2 6.2 -2.2 2.5 6.4 2.7 ..
118 + Kuwait 60.3 .. 2.9 33.1 80.2 9.2 7.1 9.2 7.9 .. 48.0 15.4 6.2 4.4 ..
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119 Canada -2.4 .. 9.2 45.1 58.3 12.9 5.6 14.3 6.9 3.1 -0.7 -3.3 2.3 0.8 ..
120 + Hong Kong .. .. .. 60.7 .. .. .. .. .. 9.0 -4.4 .. .. .. ..
121 Netherlands 1.2 -2.2 5.8 67.1 84.2 6.0 3.0 13.5 8.3 1.6 -0.5 3.8 4.6 3.1 ..
122 + Singapore 10.1 13.7 14.9 57.7 83.6 9.4 3.0 11.7 5.9 3.9 -10.2 3.5 .. .. ..
123 Belgium -3.0 -3.9 5.5 45.0 .. 7.7 4.9 18.0 9.4 3.2 -2.9 7.0 3.6 1.2 ..
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124 France 2.2 -4.2 3.2 71.7 61.4 7.3 4.6 12.5 7.9 2.9 -0.2 1.8 5.3 1.7 ..
125 Sweden -2.6 -11.7 .. 54.0 47.5 11.3 4.9 15.2 10.6 5.8 -2.8 1.2 2.0 3.8 ..
126 Austria 0.6 -1.6 7.2 72.6 89.3 5.0 2.3 .. .. 3.2 -5.5 -0.8 6.4 3.4 ..
127 Germany .. -0.3 8.3 .. 62.5 7.9 4.5 12.0 11.5 .. .. 0.3 5.5 2.5 ..
128 United States -0.4 -2.2 4.4 58.7 60.5 13.1 d 4.6 d 15.3 7.1 3.3 0.3 -2.1 6.2 2.0 ..
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129 Norway 4.5 -1.4 6.3 51.6 63.6 5.0 5.2 12.6 8.4 3.0 2.2 4.2 3.0 5.1 ..
130 Denmark -1.2 -4.7 4.7 42.6 61.5 10.8 3.8 17.2 8.3 2.9 -4.5 4.1 1.9 2.0 ..
131 Japan -3.2 .. 6.4 83.4 112.1 5.5 1.7 8.3 4.1 1.3 -0.4 3.0 2.9 3.5 ..
132 Switzerland 0.7 .. 4.7 .. 120.7 8.8 3.6 5.6 5.5 3.7 0.2 6.9 .. 7.7 ..
133 + United Arab Emirates -10.5 c -8.9 c 4.3 19.0 .. 9.5 .. 12.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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World ..
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a. Refers to current budget balance excluding grants. b. Includes Eritrea. c. Data are for budgetary accounts only. d. Certificate of deposit rate.
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