Credits
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Others
The Atlas
World Development Indicators CD-ROM
This book has drawn on a wide range of World Bank reports and numerous external sources. These are listed in the bibliography that follows this note. Many people inside and outside the World Bank helped in redesigning and in writing and producing the World Development Indicators. This note identifies those who made specific contributions. Numerous others, too many to acknowledge here, helped in many ways for which the team is extremely grateful.
Section 1—World view was prepared by K. M. Vijayalakshmi with help from Sulekha Patel. The content of the section owes much to T. N. Srinivasan’s suggestions on table topics and indicators. The introductory text was drafted by K. Sarwar Lateef. The charts and text that follow in Our changing world were conceptualized by Bruce Ross-Larson.
Section 2—People was prepared by Sulekha Patel in partnership with the World Bank’s Human Development Network and in collaboration with the former Poverty and Social Policy Department and the Poverty and Human Resources Division of the Policy and Research Department. We would particularly like to acknowledge the encouragement and support we received from Jane Armitage, Ishrat Husain, Emmanuel Jimenez, Oey Astra Meesook, and Minh Chau Nguyen at all stages of the production. Aelim Chi helped to prepare the data for this section. Extensive consultations were held with counterparts from the ILO, the WHO, UNICEF, and UNESCO at various stages of production. The introduction to the section was written by Sulekha Patel. Substantial inputs to the section were provided by Edward Bos (demography), Zafiris Tzannatos (labor force and employment), Martin Ravallion and Shaohua Chen (poverty and income distribution), Bertha Namfua (education), and M. Subramanian of WHO in Geneva and Alexander Preker (health). Vivian Hon was instrumental in the smooth transfer of health data from the Human Development Network, and Farhad Mehran of the ILO in Geneva and Mildred Weiss in the smooth transfer of labor force and employment data. David de Ferranti of the Human Development Council facilitated the data review by the Bank’s regional staff. Extensive comments and suggestions were received from Edward Bos, Mariam Claeson, Jeffrey Hammer, Elizabeth King, Marlaine Lockheed, Andrew Mason, Harry Patrinos, Alexander Preker, Lant Pritchett, George Psacharopoulos, Martin Rama, Martin Ravallion, Eluned Roberts-Schweitzer, T. Sverrir Sigurdsson, Jee-Peng Tan, Tara Vishwanath, and Michael Ward at various stages from design to production.
Section 3—Environment was prepared by Saeed Ordoubadi in partnership with the World Bank’s Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network and in collaboration with the Policy and Research Department’s Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division. The World Resources Institute was consulted in the initial phases of the design and made helpful contributions. Jihee Kim assisted with the data preparation. John Dixon, Jan Bakkes, Kirk Hamilton, Arundhati Kunte, and Michael Ward provided invaluable comments and guidance in all stages of the work, from design to final production. Andrew Steer provided considerable encouragement and support and helped ensure the substantial ownership the World Bank’s Environment Department feels for this section. The Environment Department devoted substantial staff resources to the book, for which we are very grateful. John Dixon wrote the introduction to the section, and inputs were provided by Stefano Pagiola (biodiversity); Arundhati Kunte (water); Michael Corbin, Kirk Hamilton, and Shane Streifel (energy); Gordon Hughes and David Shaman (air pollution); and Sergio Margulis (government commitment). The team received valuable comments at various stages from Jean Aden, Charles Di Leva, Lev Freinkman, Jeffrey Gutman, Rafik Hirji, Todd Johnson, Victor Loksha, Hughes Ravenel, Colin Rees, Jitu Shah, David Wheeler, Tony Whitten, and John Williamson.
Section 4—Economy was prepared by K. M. Vijayalakshmi and Eric Swanson in close collaboration with the Macroeconomic Data Team of the Development Data Group, led by Robin Lynch, and with the Macroeconomics and Growth Division of the Policy Research Department. The introduction to this section was written by K. Sarwar Lateef. Substantial inputs to the section were provided by Michael Ward (national accounts); Hans Binswanger and Chandra Hardy (agriculture); Alexander Yeats (trade); Caroline Farah (service exports); Sultan Ahmad and Yonas Biru (structure of consumption in PPP terms); Amar Bhattacharya, William Easterly, and Chandra Hardy (macroeconomic indicators); Deena Khatkhate (monetary indicators); Jim McKee and Jong-goo Park (balance of payments); and Punam Chuhan and Robert Powell (external debt). The national accounts and balance of payments data for low- and middle-income economies are gathered from the World Bank’s regional staff through the annual Unified Survey. Boris Blazic-Metzner, Maja Bresslauer, Raquel Fok, Olga Ivanova, Taranjit Kaur, Jong-goo Park, Bessie Smith, and Vilay Soulatha worked on updating, estimating, and validating the databases for national accounts, trade, and the balance of payments. The national accounts data for OECD countries were processed by Abdel Stambouli and reviewed by Robert King, Robert Lynn, and Mick Riordan. Betty Dow helped with the data from the FAO. The external debt tables were prepared by the Financial Data Team, led by Punam Chuhan, and were reviewed by Nevin Fahmy and Shelley Fu. Systems support was provided by Shelley Fu, John Herring, Sup Lee, and Ibrahim Levent.
Section 5—States and markets was prepared by David Cieslikowski in partnership with the World Bank’s Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Network, the International Finance Corporation, and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency and in close collaboration with the Finance and Private Sector Development and Public Economics Divisions of the Policy Research Department. Mildred Weiss contributed substantially to the overall preparation of this section. Shantayanan Devarajan, William Easterly, Andrew Ewing, Fred Jasperson, Catherine Kleynhoff, Guy Pfeffermann, and Mary Shirley contributed substantially to the design and commented on the execution. The introduction to this section was drafted by Bruce Ross-Larson. Substantial inputs were made by Punam Chuhan, Nevin Fahmy, Shelley Fu, John Herring, Ibrahim Levent, and Malvina Pollock (private capital flows and external debt); Robert Shakotko and Peter Wall (stock markets); Luke Haggerty (state enterprises); Sarath Rajapatirana (relative prices); Azita Amjadi, Ulrich Reincke, Bessie Smith, Eric Swanson, and Alexander Yeats (trade); Deena Khatkhate, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Ross Levine (financial sector); Carlos Braga and Michael Minges of the ITU (communications and information); and Christine Kessides (transport).
Section 6—Global links was prepared by Aelim Chi and Eric Swanson in collaboration with other staff in the International Economics Department and with special assistance from the OECD’s Development Cooperation Directorate. Takamasa Akiyama, Betty Dow, Malvina Pollock, Alan Winters, and Alexander Yeats helped considerably in the design of this section and advised on its content. The introduction to the section was drafted by Kim Murrell. Substantial inputs were provided by Milan Brahmbhatt and William Marcus (integration); Azita Amjadi and Alexander Yeats (trade); Ulrich Reinke (Uruguay Round tariff reductions); Don Mitchell (commodity prices); Nevin Fahmy, Jean-Louis Grolleau of the OECD, Weili Gu, Chandra Hardy, Ibrahim Levent, and Malvina Pollock (aid); and Cecile Thoreau of the OECD (migration). Extensive comments and suggestions were received from Takamasa Akiyama, Richard Carey of the OECD, Punam Chuhan, Alma Conty, Brian Hammond of the OECD, and Alexander Shakow.
Other parts—The maps on the inside covers were prepared by Jeff Lecksell. The section on Partners was coordinated and edited by Eric Swanson. Acronyms and abbreviations was prepared by Estela Zamora. The Users guide was prepared by David Cieslikowski. Primary data documentation was coordinated and written by David Cieslikowski. Statistical methods was written by Eric Swanson. The bibliography was prepared by Mila Divino. The index of indicators was laboriously collated by Eric Swanson.
Systems support—Mehdi Akhlaghi was responsible for database management and programming and overall systems support. In this he drew on the Development Data Group’s Systems Upgrade Team, led by Henry Burt, and in particular on Reza Farivari.
Administrative assistance and office technology support—Estela Zamora provided excellent administrative assistance. She was supported by Karen Adams, Moira Coleridge-Taylor, Elfrida O’Reilly-Campbell, Funke Orimoloye, and Premi Rathan Raj. Office technology support was provided by Yusri Harun, Nacer Megherbi, Shahin Outadi, and Paulette Shelton.
Design, production, and editing—David Cieslikowski coordinated all aspects of the production of the book with the American Writing Corporation team, led by Laurel Morais. Bruce Ross-Larson of American Writing contributed much to both the content and the visual design for the World Development Indicators and the Atlas. Bruce and the other staff at American Writing did the editing, layout, and design. In particular, we would like to thank their design team of Peter Grundy and Kim Bieler, the editing team of Alison Strong and Paul Holtz, the desktopping team of Laurel Morais, Damon Iacovelli, and Christian Perez, and the production team of Sandra Cutshall, Kelli Ashley, Erika Schelble, and Wendy Guyette.
Client services—The Development Data Group’s Client Services Team, led by Elizabeth Crayford, contributed to the design and planning of the book and helped coordinate with the Office of the Publisher.
External Affairs—Connie Eysenck, Stephanie Gerard, and Carol Rosen in the Office of the Publisher helped with the design and publication of the World Development Indicators, the Atlas, and the related CD-ROM. Caroline Anstey, Anthony Gaeta, Brett Kitchen, and Carlos Rossel of the External Affairs Vice Presidency assisted with the development of a communications strategy.
The Atlas—Production was managed by K. M. Vijayalakshmi. The preparation of data benefited from the work on corresponding sections in the World Development Indicators. William Prince assisted with systems support and production of tables and graphs. Jeff Lecksell produced the maps.
World Development Indicators CD-ROM—Design, programming, and production were carried out by Reza Farivari (the project leader) and his team: Mehdi Akhlaghi, Azita Amjadi, Elizabeth Crayford, Yusri Harun, Asieh Kehyari, Angelo Kostopoulos, and William Prince.
A number of people outside the Bank reviewed early outlines of the book. We particularly wish to acknowledge comments and suggestions from Stephen Commins, Ashok V. Desai, Michael A. Edwards, and Tagi Sagafi-nejad.